Engineering Students Through an Intersectional LensAbstractHigh-impact academic experiences, particularly research and internship experiences, havepositive impacts for engineering students on engineering task self-efficacy (ETSE), a measure ofstudents’ perception of their ability to perform technical engineering tasks. However, under-represented racial/ethnic minority students (URM) and women in engineering are found to haverelatively lower self-perceptions across several academic and professional self-efficacymeasures. Previous studies examined the impact of research and internship experiences on ETSEfor students categorized by gender and URM status separately. The current study explores theimpact of these experiences on ETSE for the intersection
participate in the program from the same cohorts. The study investigatesthe relationship between self-efficacy, pre-college academic preparedness measures and theeffect of these factors on early college success outcomes (e.g., term GPA) for URM students whoparticipated in STP as well as URM students who did not participate.LITERATURE REVIEWSelf-efficacy is defined as confidence in one’s ability to perform specific tasks or courses ofaction necessary to attain a specific goal or function in a specific capacity. (Bandura, 1997).When measuring self-efficacy respondents are asked to rate their level of confidence forattaining a specific goal. A student’s self-efficacy has an influence on the decisions that he/shemakes regarding their demonstrated efforts
Computer Science Education. 6. Goode, J. 2008. Computer science segregation: Missed opportunities. The Voice. 4(2). 7. Graham, J. M., & Caso, R. (2002). Measuring engineering freshman attitudes and perceptions of their first year academic experience: The continuing development of two assessment instruments. In the Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Frontiers in Education Conference. 8. Gushue, G.V. and Whitson, M.L. (2006). The relationship among support, ethnic identity, career decisions and self-efficacy, and outcome expectations in African-American high school students. Journal of Career Development, 33(2), 112-124. 9. Hilpert, J. C., Stump, G., & Husman, J. (2010). Pittsburgh engineering
Attrition: Lessons from Four Departments. The Journal of Higher Education, 76(6), 669–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2005.11772304Holbrook, A., Shaw, K., Scevak, J., Bourke, S., Cantwell, R., & Budd, J. (2014). PhD candidate expectations: Exploring mismatch with experience. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 9, 329–346.Holloway-Friesen, H. (2019). The Role of Mentoring on Hispanic Graduate Students’ Sense of Belonging and Academic Self-Efficacy. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 153819271882371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192718823716Jaeger, A. J., Mitchall, A., O’Meara, K. A., Grantham, A., Zhang, J., Eliason, J., & Cowdery, K. (2017). Push and pull: The influence of race
, and White men and women engineering majors enrolled at 11 partnerinstitutions (6 HSIs and 5 PWIs). All Latinx and White engineering majors enrolled at thepartner institutions in the 2014-2015 academic year were invited to participate in an onlinesurvey, which included measures (see Table 1 for a list of all measures with citations, totalnumber of items, and internal consistency reliabilities) to assess demographic data, engineeringlearning experiences, engineering perceived supports, engineering perceived barriers,engineering self-efficacy, engineering positive outcome expectations, engineering negativeoutcome expectations, engineering interests, engineering academic satisfaction, engineeringacademic engagement, engineering persistence
fields likescience, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). As the U.S. experiences a decline in skilledSTEM workers and a growing number of racial/ethnic minorities, it is critical that more attentionbe paid to the college success of underrepresented populations majoring in STEM. While somestrategies for increasing STEM student success have focused on social-psychological factorssuch as academic self-efficacy and resilience, little attention has been given to these factorsamong specific minority groups in STEM such as Black men. To extend the current literature,interviews with 27 Black male collegians majoring in engineering or engineering-related fieldswere analyzed through the lens of the ‘buoyant believers’ framework. Based on the model
studied acrosseducation and psychology literature. As an example, Australian high school students’ academicself-efficacy is a significant predictor of academic resilience.27 Similarly, low-income Blackcollege students with high academic confidence who were also able to “bounce back” fromacademic challenges and setbacks in college (i.e., students labeled as “buoyant believers”)achieve greater academic success, as measured by grade-point average.29Using findings from the aforementioned study of low-income Black students, Strayhorn createdthe ‘buoyant believers’ framework. The framework positions students in four categoriesrepresenting the intersection of various degrees of academic self-efficacy and resilience. Thefour categories include (a
activities” (CareerExploration Skills).The SCDI has been used in studies of adolescent, college student, and post-high school youngadult career development [e.g., 27, 28, 29], including studies of the career development of NativeAmerican young people. Career exploration, as measured by the SCDI, has been positivelyrelated to interests and efficacy among Native American young people [30].The Career-Related Parent Support Scale [31] is a 27-item instrument that was used to measurestudents’ self-reports of their parents’ support in the four areas of self-efficacy information(Instrumental Assistance (IA), Career-Related Role Modeling (CM), Emotional Support (ES),and Verbal Encouragement (VE)) identified by Bandura [32]. IA is the tangible help provided
present its results, and discusssuggestions for improvement.Literature reviewEngineering Students with Disabilities: Because disability is not always visible and becausecollege students must self-identify as disabled, it is difficult to know the true number ofengineering students with disabilities. This section will review literature about students withdisabilities’ commitment to the engineering major and career, their extracurricular engagement,their feelings of self-efficacy in engineering, and their perceptions of “otherness.”Commitment to the engineering major and career: According to the National Science Foundation[8], students with disabilities enroll in undergraduate science and engineering fields at similarrates to their non-disabled
. The program seeksto improve students’ competence and self-efficacy in science and engineering, stimulate an interestin pursuing STEM-related careers, and provide engaging “hands-on/mind-on activities.” Theprogram is divided into two initiatives which include an academic year and weekend academy. Atotal of 45 middle school students have participated in a 1-week Girls in Science Lab Camp andfive half-day Girls in Science and Engineering Weekend Academy activities. For the Girls inScience Lab program, the participants were divided into teams and assigned an environmentalscience and engineering themed case study to solve during guided laboratory experience. Studentswere taught how to collect and analyze water samples using university laboratory
guidanceand support to students throughout their tenure at the university. Using a mix-method assessment, students were initially asked to participate in theEngineering State of Mind Instrument (ESMI), a recently tested and developed tool, at UMBC.The ESMI provides immediate evaluation to the student, assisting them in understanding theirattitudes, perceptions, motivations, and self-efficacy in pursuing an engineering degree. Studentscan use the results and recommended interventions to improve any mindset deficiencies. AfricanAmerican/Black students, who participated in the instrument, were asked to engage in a follow-up interview providing a more detailed explanation of their current mindset about theengineering field. Additionally, scholar
administered to both S-STEM scholar and non-affiliated S-STEM mechanical engineering students. Using a 6-itemLikert survey, students were asked to assed their perceptions and attitudes regarding each of theconstructs. At the end of the Spring 2019 semester, a post-survey will be administered to thepopulation for comparison.Survey Instrument In partnership with the psychology department, a survey was developed containingmeasurable items regarding their attitudes, perspectives, science/engineering identity, andresearch self-efficacy. Below are the measurable constructs and their items showing reliability. 1. Research Self- Efficacy: Measured by six items from the Scientific Self-Efficacy Scale [10] that assesses students’ ability to
engineering.ConclusionIn engineering, HC is not well understood, including its mechanisms or potential constructs. Toour knowledge, there is no research that has attempted to explore the mechanisms and potentialconstructs behind HC in engineering. In this work, the authors have summarized some potentialconsiderations and constructs that can be measured for the exploration of HC in engineering.Collectively, the considerations posit that HC identification is central and could be tied to anindividual’s emotions, self-efficacy, and self-advocacy. It is believed that when individualsexperience scenarios, via vignettes, that center around HC in engineering, they can identify the HCthrough a frame of reference that can enable them to respond and react to the witnessed
conducting mixed methodsresearch. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.[14] Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. SanFrancisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. [15] D. Chachra and D. Kilgore, “Exploring gender and self-confidence in engineering students:A multi-method approach,” Cent. Adv. Eng. Educ., Washington, USA, Tech Rep. Apr. 2009.[16] H. Chen, K. Donaldson, O. Eriş, D. Chachra, G. Lichtenstein, S. D. Sheppard, and G. Toye,“From PIE to APPLES: The evolution of a survey instrument to explore engineering studentpathways,” in 2008 ASEE Proceedings.[17] D. Baker, S. Krause, and S. Y. Purzer, “Developing an instrument to measure tinkering andtechnical self-efficacy in engineering,” presented at the 2008 ASEE
individually and in small groups.Students spend up to six hours a day for five days working on improving their math skills. Veryseldom do students get the opportunity to concentrate all of their efforts on math during theregular semester. To that end, in an effort to describe the effect of Math Jam on participant self-efficacy (the participant’s belief in their capability to complete specific tasks or goals) a self-efficacy instrument was administered as part of the pre- and post-program surveys. Studentswere asked 18 of the 34 question Mathematics Self Efficacy Scale developed by Nancy Betz andGail Hackett to measure student self-efficacy related to math both at the very beginning of MathJam and again on the last day of the program. The questions
, leadership skills, and contentknowledge, contributing to an increase in their computing self-efficacy. No statisticallysignificant differences were found based on gender or ethnicity, intersectional relationships werenot explored. The increase in self-efficacy seems to be directly related to the teachingexperience, a key part of the “performance outcome” measure of self-efficacy theory [41] inwhich having positive mastery experiences in a given topic increases your self-efficacy in thatspace.The second article presented a case study focused on a Latina CS transfer student (Juliet)attending a Hispanic Serving Institutions, who almost left CS due to “ability hierarchies” sheperceived within her introductory CS course [43]. Ability hierarchies are
“grit”, self-determination and social cognitive careertheories are used to explore self-efficacy, goal orientation and perception of institutionalculture as mediators of academic achievement. A significant part of this paper analyzesresponses to interventions designed to support retention of students lacking the mathbackground to “hit the ground running” upon entering a large, public predominantlywhite institution (PWI)’s college of engineering, with a disproportionate number ofminorities in the underprepared category. Targeted retention interventions for first yearstudents yielded statistically significant improvement in math course progression,particularly for minority students. Overall attrition decreased by 10% in two successiveyears
belongingness score.The growth mindset scales were obtained from the Stanford University Project on EducationResearch that Scales (PERTS) website22. It is comprised of three questions which proberespondents’ level of agreement to the fixed mindset. We implemented a 5-point Likert scale (1= strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree). Responses to the items were found to be internallyreliable (Cronbach’s α = 0.83), and the responses across the three items were averaged to form asingle growth mindset score.Scales measuring happiness, self-perceived health, and self-efficacy were also included from thispaper. While not the immediate focus of this study, they obscured the objective of the study toparticipants.Academic performance measures were collected in
. Seminar topics such as Campus Orientation and Resources (e.g., Financial Aid, Co-op,Housing, etc.) in some cases provide a point-of-contact for future reference. Time Managementand Study Skills along with Personal and Professional Development (e.g., “Presentation of Self”)are provided to increase student academic acculturation and self-efficacy. Coping Skills (e.g.,anxiety and stress management, etc.) help students to adjust to the mental workload required ofengineering students. Through the use of project based learning, students are introduced to thefield of engineering. Participants complete a real world simulated team-based project such as theSouthern Company Transmission Line Development. Through this project students were requiredto conduct
levels of interest in engineering, their success andcompletion rates have been low due to a number of factors including low levels of preparationfor college-level work, especially in math; lack of awareness of academic and career options;lack of financial, academic, social and cultural capital needed for success; and lack of self-efficacy (i.e., students do not believe that they can succeed in engineering). To address thesebarriers to student success, Cañada College developed and implemented a number of programs tokeep students engaged and motivated towards achieving their academic goals. Among suchprograms is the Creating Opportunities for Minorities in Engineering, Technology, and Science(COMETS) program. Funded by a four-year grant from NASA
programming, while effective forstandardized, intervention-like programming, is limited in duration and scope in terms ofworkforce development compared to local chapter-based programming. However, localprogramming poses challenges as it is highly dependent volunteers’ self-efficacy and heterogenousin available resources and knowledge capital to obtain national uniformity. To the authors’knowledge, limited to no information about chapter-based programming or its evolution isavailable in the literature from these organizations. It is noted that there have been engineeringeducation research of students’ academic performance in their participation in national engineeringdiversity organizations [3, 4]. This experience report provides a decade-long insight
together during various mini projects in-class and duringthe “Independent Study” lab sessions. The mentor/tutor worked with faculty members andstudents to identify topics that were considered to be difficult and reviewed them during theselabs as well. Students were also given the opportunity to study for courses that were not part ofthe SUCCEEd program.Measures of Impact, Preliminary Results and DiscussionAs a part of the SUCCEEd program, we wished to assess both student achievement and otherfactors that may contribute to student success in the program. Achievement was measured viastudents’ grades, tests and quizzes results, and project results. The college self-efficacy (CSE),which refers to the students’ belief that they can succeed in college
in theworkplace and their career outcomes. Studies have shown that BWEF experience slightly higherstress than other faculty [2,3]. Time constraints on completing activities, promotion concerns, andvariations in expectations contribute to these higher stress levels; this is particularly true for women ofcolor at four-year colleges [3]. Additionally, the findings from other studies report that BWEF tend toencounter unique challenges along the tenure track [3], and have high extended family responsibility[1]. These factors can contribute to a lower self-efficacy, which correlates to feelings of institutionalfit [3]. On the other hand, perceptions of institutional fit can also be positively influenced bymentoring. Before moving on to mentoring
self-efficacy, sense of belonging, identification and identityintegration. Often, negative experiences are the result of subtle bias or schemas that all studentsbring with them into their teams, and occur despite the employment of best practices in teamformation.This paper presents a summary of a contemporary understanding of this phenomenon aspresented by several individual researchers covering the fields of stereotype threat, engineeringdesign, teamwork, motivation, and race, gender and their intersections. The content of this paperwas generated by collecting the individual responses of each researcher to a set of promptsincluding: • examples of how students can be marginalized in engineering teamwork and what governing
2015In total, 25 papers were nominated by 21 divisions and four Zones for consideration for BestDiversity Paper, 2015. There were six finalists invited to present; these papers were from the K-12, First Year Programs, Liberal Education/Engineering and Society, Mechanical Engineering,Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation, and Multidisciplinary Engineering Divisions. Thetop papers presented at the conference included an exploration of changes in Latinx adolescents’perceptions of engineering self-efficacy and of engineering during a community-basedengineering design experience [3], a baseline study on how engineering students identify asengineers and how they view the importance of diversity in engineering, [4], anautoethnographic study of
, were factored intothe statistics. [4] GPA was a greater predictor of retention and eventual graduation for malestudents than female students. Meanwhile, moderate to high levels of achievement increasedlevels of confidence in females but accentuated female students’ social discomfort as a minority,making self-doubt and social discomfort better predictors of graduation rate for females thanGPA. This trend was valid when women were both a numerical minority in classes and werestereotyped, as women often are in engineering programs. [4]The existing literature suggests that factors other than just GPA impact a female student’sdecision to remain in and eventually graduate from an engineering program. For example, self-efficacy, or a specified level
. Surveys of the student attendees as well as some of the presenters wereperformed to assess various measures of self-efficacy. Surveys indicated that the event wassuccessful in promoting self-efficacy.IntroductionThis paper discusses the Robotics Competition and Family Science Fair for grades 4-8 sponsoredby the Latino STEM Alliance, which was held at the end of the school year in an inner cityneighborhood in Boston.. In it, we will discuss the motivation for this event, its planning, itsexecution, its assessment, and next steps in the partnership between Latino STEM Alliance andSuffolk University.BackgroundEvidence has shown that robotics programs can encourage interest among underrepresentedgroups and others in studying STEM 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
moderatelyhigher (p < 0.05) than their non-FGCS peers. Indicating that, on average, FGCS enter engineeringwith higher confidence in understanding engineering, feeling like they can perform well on examsthan their non-first-generation college student peers. First-generation college students’ high self-reported measures of performance/competence is directly related to their self-efficacy andperception of themselves in relation to their chosen field, in this case engineering35. Theimportance of students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy for persisting in science and engineeringhas been further articulated in a literature review by Geisinger and Raman49. This study examinedliterature on engineering students’ attrition, while not explicitly focused on FGCS
)changes over time. There have also been several reviews of the literature on mentoring specificto higher education42-45. Reviews by Jacobi43, Roberts45, and Crisp and Cruz44 have yieldedsimilar characterizations to those offered by D’Abate et al. and Eby et al., though all agree that itis difficult to reach a unified definition or a quantitatively validated framework, even within asingle domain such as higher education. Mentoring is, however, consistently linked to academicsuccess (e.g. increased GPA), as well as increases in self-efficacy, integration into thecommunity, retention, career goals, intention to persist and much more. While such broaddefinitions and outcomes provide important starting points for understanding mentoring inengineering
interaction of MEPs and cultural engineering student organizations such asNSBE and the combined impact of their programs, activities, and services warrants furtherinvestigation [16], [18], [19]. Future studies will be conducted to explore how and why the associations present in thisstudy occur at this particular chapter. However, elements that have been identified in theliterature such as participation in social, academic, and professional activities of the chapter, aswell as regional and national conferences, may contribute to outcomes that support persistencesuch as fostering a strong sense of community or “family”, increased self-efficacy, increasedconfidence in technical and non-technical skills and abilities, and a strong social and