ways that make their success more likely [4].In engineering, there are different ways in which self-efficacy is measured. Three categories ofself-efficacy measures used are: 1) general academic self-efficacy, 2) domain-general self-efficacy, and 3) self-efficacy measures for specific engineering tasks or skills [5]. Generalacademic self-efficacy scales broadly assess engineering students’ beliefs in their capabilities toperform academically or perception of their competence to do the work [5]. The second, adaptedfrom general academic self-efficacy, domain-general self-efficacy asks students to rate theirgeneral confidence within a particular subject area of engineering [5]. Third, task- or skill-specific self-efficacy asks students to evaluate
’ increased proficiency. Moreover, 90% of the students developed models either fromscratch or by ensembling multiple models. This involves significant coding in Python (Figure 2A).Increase in student self-efficacy. We report the change in student self-efficacy measured usingthree related variables: (1) student confidence on speaking up about a technical area like AI, (2)student self-assurance and positive outlook for success in an AI career, and (3) outlook towards thefield of AI. First, we observe an increase in the students’ ability to understand and communicateAI research. As shown in the post-survey results (see Figure 5A), students’ showed a significantincrease in confidence in speaking up about topics in AI. The students’ ability to handle
students’ self-efficacy and interest in aSTEM field, we analyzed student responses to the following questions/statements (stronglydisagree/disagree/neither agree or disagree/agree/strongly agree): 1. I am able to get a good grade in my science class. 2. I am able to do well in activities that involve technology. 3. I am able to do well in activities that involve engineering. 4. I am able to get a good grade in my mathematics class.These four questions served as an indicator of self-efficacy among the student participants. Eachquestion measures the self-reported self-efficacy in each of the four major fields in the acronymSTEM (each question respectively). We then tabulated the responses to another set of statements: 1. I like
allparticipantsInstrument To assess the impact of the course on teachers’ engineering self-efficacy, data wascollected using the Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy Scale (TESS) [15], [16]. TESS is avalidated instrument consisting of 23 items with five subscales: Engineering PedagogicalContent Knowledge Self-efficacy (KS), Engineering Engagement Self-efficacy (ES),Engineering Disciplinary Self-efficacy (DS), and Engineering Outcome Expectancy (OE) [16].The TESS demonstrates high internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach's α ranging from0.89 to 0.96 across the four factors [16]. These high-reliability coefficients indicate that theTESS consistently measures teachers' engineering self-efficacy with precision and accuracy. Byutilizing the TESS in this
thatthe M-EDSI is reliable for measuring students’ EDTE.DiscussionWhile previous research explores the topic of engineering teaching efficacy, the present studyoffers a novel perspective by specifically addressing Engineering Design Teaching Efficacy 5(EDTE). This is important because engineering design is a major part of the NGSS [3] and islinked to students’ enhanced learning [20]. The findings show that the intervention did not justsignificantly improve participants’ EDTE but also their EDE. Mastery experiences is a primarysource of self-efficacy development [21]. Therefore, PSTs’ improved EDE could be attributed totheir active engagement in
to students and Experiences local community Iteration – opportunity to review, revise, improve lessons based on measurable outcomes Focusing pedagogical shifts/PD within one content area creates relevance but allows for impact across all content areas Affective Success/student engagement begets positive affective state leads to States increased self-efficacy Verbal Support and collaboration from administration persuasion On-going touchpoints, check-ins for continuous learning, reflection, collaborationSummer institutesTeacher participants began the [Anonymous
”). We excluded these because they do not appear to be directly measuring factors thatmight lead to the pursuit of STEM in the future. Another group of papers measured contentlearning that occurred during outreach (such as math skills or geophysics concepts). While thismay influence self-efficacy measures and/or better prepare students should they choose to enterSTEM, it is not directly measuring factors that most authors focus on as proxies for change toeducational and career paths. We have not included tests of content knowledge in thedescriptions of the outreach evaluation.Table 3: Examples of commonly referenced constructs in the papers, and our definitions.Construct DefinitionsAttitude What an individual
identities, epistemologies and values. Volume 2 : engineering education and practice in context. Cham, Switzerland ; Heidelberg, Germany : Springer International Publishing, 2015.[29] Y.-h. Liu, S.-j. Lou, and R.-c. Shih, "The investigation of STEM self-efficacy and professional commitment to engineering among female high school students," South African Journal of Education, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1-15, 2014.[30] D. Kiran and S. Sungur, "Middle School Students' Science Self-Efficacy and Its Sources: Examination of Gender Difference," Journal of Science Education and Technology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 619-630, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s.[31] T. P. Robinson, "THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE THE SELF
[1]. FET is a framework designed to evaluate ToLthrough the factors that impede or facilitate the transfer. In contrast with other methods that focuson determining the factors (see, for example, [9], [16], [17]), the FET model aims to assess them[1]. Furthermore, the FET’s framework encompasses evaluating multiple dimensions influencingthe ToL. Specifically, the FET model's categories include transfer dimensions, achieved learning,and intent to transfer. The transfer dimensions are: 1. Trainee, which includes factors related to the participants’ reactions to a training program, such as motivation of transfer, self-efficacy, and locus of control; 2. Training, that evaluates the training itself and its design, and includes factors
about post-high school plans. The pre-and post-surveys asked participants about their career interests or anticipated majors.Parts of the Knowledge, Awareness, and Motivations (KAM) survey tool were modified toevaluate awareness, exposure, career interest, and motivations. The KAM survey is a modifiedversion of the Motivation and Exposure in Microelectronics Instrument [6], an instrumentderived from the Nanotechnology Awareness Instrument [7]. The instrument was initiallydeveloped to assess changes in awareness, exposure, motivation, and knowledge ofnanotechnology [7]. To measure students’ self-efficacy and career outcome expectations, weadministered a modified Social Cognitive Career Theory Survey (SCCT) [8]. TheMicroelectronics SCCT Survey
interaction, network density, network bridging, and networkreach at the school, district, state, and national/international community level, using 18statements. This instrument uses social network analysis (SNA) with visual network scales(VNS) to visualize and quantify characteristics of the CoP and then relates this to the constructsof self-efficacy and identity [24]. Preliminary results measured before and after the PD areshown below from our initial group of TRAILS 2.0 teachers (COP) Network Survey (n = 7). • Overall CoP Network size increased at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). • CoP Network size at the national/international level increased at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) • CoP Network sizes at the school
-based assessments, presentations, and reflections. Thesesections were distilled using a combination of classroom experience and research. Eachof these elements is powerful on its own but added together they create opportunitiesfor students to build self-efficacy, belonging, and inclusion. These qualities then lead toclassrooms that can foster students who can find resilience and joy in diversity andcreate equitable spaces. The framework I developed is visualized in Figure 1 below. Iwill describe each of these elements and the research that went into them.Before the Framework: While doing research around actionable science DEIB strategies, I encounteredand studied social-emotional learning (SEL). While the tenants of following theframework
understanding of its structure and purpose. Below is a detaileddescription of the rubric that has been recontextualized from its original application inmanufacturing to its broader use in inclusive STEM education. The rubric is structured into threeprimary sections—Head, Heart, and Hands—each representing critical facets of the learningexperience and corresponding to cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, and activeparticipation. Our application of the 3H model[1] is rooted Piaget’s constructivist learningtheories[2], Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development[3], brain-based learning like that ofSmilkstein[4], self-efficacy[5], and cultural responsive teaching[6].Head (Cognitive Engagement): This section of the rubric focuses on self-efficacy
identity development in middle school students experiencing engineering curricula[4], scaffolding knowledge at this level is an important aspect of continuing to build students’interest in studying engineering [5]. Such experiences help to improve student self-efficacy andattitudes toward STEM and facilitate students’ understanding of engineering during a crucialperiod of integrated scientific inquiry and engagement. The Science, Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics Innovation and Design (STEM-ID) Curricula developed at the Georgia TechCenter for Education Integrating Science, Mathematics and Computing (CEISMC) integratefoundational mathematics and science in an engineering context through challenges thatintroduce students to advanced
of teachers identified asfacilitating implementation included pedagogical content knowledge, self-efficacy,resourcefulness, and organizational and time management skills. Teachers reported that studentinterest in the STEM-ID challenges and STEM, more generally, was another facilitating factorwhereas, to varying degrees, disruptive student behavior and students’ lack of foundationalmathematics skills were reported as limiting factors. Teachers also highlighted specifictechnological challenges, such as software licensing issues, as limiting factors. Otherwise, wefound that teachers generally had sufficient resources to implement the curricula includingadequate physical space, technological tools, and supplies. Across teachers and schools
providedby the agency to develop educational self-efficacy, responsibility, and empathy for others.Inclusive: Educators are aware of and responsive to the ways that students are marginalized by ourcurrent education system. Educators (and all individuals in the building) actively and lovinglyaddress negative bias and integrate affirmations to promote social-emotional growth and well-being for all individuals in the classroom and school.Relevant Students experience “relatedness” with their teachers and a learning relevant to their livesthrough direct connections to their community, their country, and the world.The Engineering CurriculumPI Bayles co-developed the INSPIRES Curriculum (Figure 3)which was designed to specificallytarget three Standards for
IntroductionThere is substantial evidence that most K-12 science and math teachers who aim to incorporateengineering design processes into their courses acquire these skills through extracurricularprofessional development (PD) programs or self-directed learning [1-4]. Research has shownthat PD programs are valuable in increasing teachers' engineering self-efficacy and thelikelihood of implementing engineering processes in the classroom [5-7]. These programs offerflexibility in introducing engineering design to teachers in diverse formats (e.g., in-person versusvirtual) [8], using various theoretical frameworks [9]. They often provide participation incentivessuch as stipends [9, 10]. However, despite the value of these PD programs, teachers areusually
report using the search term “STEM outreach”[2].Despite efforts to recruit more underrepresented students to engineering, overly difficultengineering tasks and courses can serve as a barrier to recruiting students to the engineeringworkforce. Research shows that negative STEM experiences such as “weed out” courses, orcourses that are purposefully difficult, cause low STEM persistence in first-generation collegestudents [3]. A separate study on outreach events geared towards female elementary schoolstudents stated that decreases in STEM self-efficacy occur around young elementary age [4]. Tomitigate negative experiences, there is a need to focus on creating positive STEM experienceswhich can increase student engagement and increase the likelihood
/978-94-6091-821-6.Magnusson, S., Krajcik, J. & Borko, H. (1999). Nature, sources, and development of pedagogical content knowledge for science teaching: Examing pedagogical content knowledge, Eds.: Gess-Newsome, J., Lederman, N. G., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Doordrecht, Hollanda, 95-132.Maine Department of Education [MDE] (2019). Standards & instruction–science & engineering. https://www.maine.gov/doe/learning/content/scienceandtech.Marquis, S. D. (2015). Investigating the influence of professional development on teacher perceptions of engineering self-efficacy. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Southern Maine, Portland, USA.Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education [MDESE] (2016). 2016
-related higher education programs, and STEM-related career pathways.Research to determine the impact of the program on students' interest, understanding, and self-efficacy towards STEM careers, as well as teachers and undergraduate students’ understandingof promoting change, will also be conducted. The Partnerships in Education and Resilience(PEAR) Common Instrument for students and teachers, and interviews with stakeholders arebeing used to support data gathering and program feedback. These data sources will be used forprogram assessment and future research.Introduction An interdisciplinary team of faculty, staff, and students at Illinois State University (ISU)is collaborating with Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and non-profit Community
young BLV children. The library ran its programin fall 2022 and 2023 (for 14 and 19 students, respectively) as a semester-long (50-hour)experience held after-school and on weekends. The library developed project ideas incollaboration with a nearby school for the blind.MethodsSite leads collaborated with the research team to collect pre/post surveys and audio reflectionsfrom interns and feedback from site leaders and clients. Interns participated in a focus group atthe end of their internship experience. To date, the survey has adapted measures from validatedinstruments including the Fit of Personal Interests and Perceptions of Engineering Survey (F-PIPES) [12], Engineering Design Self-Efficacy Instrument [13], Short Instrument for
report, we hope to include various measures of success forthis project that will aid in better understanding how short summer camps can be leveraged toincrease student knowledge of STEM integration and student interest in future STEM careers.The project team will conduct both a process and outcome evaluation. We will evaluateattendance at the camp and the community educator training as a measure of process evaluationto measure dose delivered and received. We will also measure fidelity of implementation of thecurriculum. For the outcome evaluation, we will measure community educator geospatialtechnological content knowledge and self-efficacy. We also aim to incorporate communityeducator definitions of success in their own camps as an evaluative
participation of high school autistic students, whohave historically been excluded from or under-served in both engineering education (i.e., secondary,higher education) and industry. ECIIA addresses the following research questions: (1) Is virtual reality(VR) effective in increasing access to engineering education for individuals with autism?; (2) Doesparticipation in the VR environment and accompanying support result in the development of engineeringidentity, engineering self-efficacy, engineering interest, and an understanding of the engineering designprocess?; (3) Does supporting individuals with autism in the VR environment as Community Collaboratorsresult in increased understanding, and presumed competence and advocacy for individuals with autism
engineering incorporates hands-on projects, known as experiential learning, which have beenshown to increase interest in pursuing sciences, improve self-efficacy and technical skills, and result inhigher retention rates in engineering [26, 29, 30].In New Mexico, every high school student interested in participating in the Dual Credit (D.C.) Programcan enroll in college courses. This program provides access to academic, career, and technical education(CTE) courses that offer simultaneous credit toward high school graduation and a postsecondary degreeor certificate.NTU and GMCS seized the opportunity to launch a Dual-Credit engineering program. Research [31, 32,33] has shown that in courses where high school teachers teach college courses in high
engineering teaching self-efficacy and outcome expectancy: exploring the impacts of efficacy source experiences through varying course modalities. International Journal of STEM Education, 11(1), 4.Lachapelle, C. P., & Cunningham, C. M. (2017, June). Elementary engineering student interests and attitudes: A comparison across treatments. In 2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.Li, Y., Wang, K., Xiao, Y., & Froyd, J. E. (2020). Research and trends in STEM education: a systematic review of journal publications. International Journal of STEM Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-020-00207-6Margot, K. C., & Kettler, T. (2019). Teachers’ perception of STEM integration and education
significant improvements in students’ interest,self-efficacy, stereotypes, and utility perceptions of engineering after participating in anengineering workshop [10]. Similarly, design experiences in secondary school education havebeen shown to develop students’ practical and professional skills. The activities influenced theirself-efficacy beliefs and shaped their future career interests [6].One of the key outcomes of pre-college engineering education is the positive impact onpromoting equity. For example, a one-day workshop for high school girls improved attitudestoward STEM fields, boosted their confidence in engineering, and enhanced their knowledge ofcareer opportunities [11]. Likewise, a one-year Engineering Projects in Community Serviceprogram
(Award#1238089) project designed to develop, implement, andtest a set of three, 18-week engineering curricula for grades 6 – 8. This curriculum uses appliedengineering problems, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and an engaging, single, semester-longcontext for each grade level. The curriculum creates an experience designed to promote studentengagement in engineering work, self-efficacy for engineering skills, persistence in engineering,and enhanced academic performance in not only engineering but also science and math. Thisapproach is grounded in the literature [5, 9, 10, 11, 12] as well as relevant teaching experiencesamong the curriculum designers. PBL, a cognitive-apprenticeship model with collaborative problem solving at its core
engineers do. These questions were crafted as the authors had previously observed thatmiddle school students abandoned the idea of becoming an engineer either because of lack ofself-confidence in succeeding as an engineer or lack of understanding of what engineers do (e.g.,more than build bridges, make cars, and work at chemical plants). The survey began with a set ofLikert-type statements to determine students’ interest and self-efficacy in engineering with thechoices: yes, a lot; yes, a little bit; not sure; probably not; and no way (see Appendix B). Thenext question was open-ended and directed students to list as many types of engineering as theycould. The last question consisted of a list of 14 things and instructed students to answer
academic competency but also comfortability, self-efficacy,and awareness [6]. Early exposure to different STEM career paths increases the chance of astudent choosing STEM as their career destination. More specifically, Dou et al. found thatinformal STEM experiences including “science consumption” through STEM activities at homeand conversations with family and friends about science “were predictive of STEM identity incollege” [7]. Further, research shows that social capital is key to broadening participation inSTEM; Saw suggests that a student’s social capital is “derived from families, peers, teachers, andprofessional networks” and supports their academic performance in STEM subjects as well astheir career trajectory in STEM pathways [8
engineeringliterate students, and as argued by others [11]-[12], can be seamlessly integrated into thecurriculum to support young children’s learning development. Additionally, some prior researchsuggests that practicing and prospective educators may have difficulty planning, designing, andimplementing lessons and activities that develop and promote children’s HoM as engineers [12]-[13]. This may be due to several reasons such as lack of readiness to teach engineering [14], lowengineering self-efficacy and low teacher efficacy related to engineering pedagogical contentknowledge [15], lack of engineering pedagogical content knowledge [16], and misconceptionsregarding the field of engineering [17].Out-of-school learning environments may be an alternative