differences reflected the female respondents as being more positive or demonstratingmore productive learning activities than males.Item N Average t Sig(Responses: 1=never; 4= almost always)12k. The instructor delivers the course man 132 2.02 2.98 .003content too quickly woman 58 1.6412l. Homework assignments are about the man 132 3.00 2.30 .023right level of difficulty woman 55 3.2713e.When working in groups, some male
advancing all areas of engineering will be better if based on a diversity of ideas and experience from people of different backgrounds and groups within society. (2) The leaders of organizations and institutions are critical elements in defining the organizational culture that is essential to attracting and maintaining diversity in engineering. Leaders are vital to setting future direction and should reflect the full diversity of our communities. Unfortunately, engineering leadership does not reflect the full extent of diversity in society today. Page 11.1050.2 (3) Women leaders will attract more women and promote diversity at all
highnumber of women applying for a trainee program at planetaria but also by the amount of womenwho, during their studies of Physics, choose Astronomy as elective course. This preference isalso reflected in the general numbers of women in Physics; 10 % of all Physicists are womenwhile 30 % of all graduates and scientific assistants in Astrophysics are female.For a more detailed overview of the model course Bachelor & Master of Natural Science seeappendices A and B.Bachelor & Master of Intercultural EngineeringThe requirements engineers have to meet have changed dramatically during the past years. Amodern engineer is not a Gyro Gearloose anymore, who is sitting in his/her garage developingnext-generation computer chips, but rather employees
, andcontext in an ongoing process toward goal attainment or abandonment.Zimmerman12 expanded upon Bandura's11 work claiming that one's outcomes can be alteredthrough self-reflection and assessment culminating in personal efforts to self-regulate (self), byundertaking tasks to enhance achievement (behavior). This was later known as self-regulatedlearning. Zimmerman12 found that of the three constructs, environment was the most importantbecause it will either enhance or discourage student engagement and persistence. Consequently,using the premise of Zimmerman,12 contrasting the environmental variables (i.e., academicintegration or faculty distance) with the relevant self (self-efficacy and academic confidence) andbehavior (effort, critical thinking and
engineers. Thisprobably reflects their appearances on several types of television dramas including crime, law,mystery, and science fiction. The only two occupational roles in which the majority ofrespondents had not seen actresses were computer technician and engineer. This is certainly due,at least in part, to the comparative rarity that such roles appear in any variety of programming.When decisions are being made as to the careers to assign female characters in televisioncomedies, dramas, soap operas, and even commercials, having those characters portrayed asengineers or computer technicians would take advantage of a particular opportunity to establishwomen in technology as a part of the natural order of things.Table 1Question: Would you tell
desire to become an engineer. 4, 10Individual agency is cast in such formulations as something which not only exists in meaningfulform among all students, of all backgrounds, but which, when present in sufficient amounts, candetermine a student's interior life (promoting the desirable activities of "self-regulation" or "self-reflection") and also his or her outwardly visible activities such as the attainment of goodgrades, or persistence. Skill acquisition and confidence are mutually supportive in many of theseanalyses, with both attainments in turn leading to success in college and the workplace. 11Negative interior experiences, such as anxiety and fear, also configure some students'performance and are seen to impede life success. While
understanding the role of education inbuttressing divisions within classes3.While these explanations have helped to assemble conceptual components, they leave someconcepts without an answer: how we define “engineering” and how we use “gender” as acategory to understand women’s underrepresentation in engineering. In order to give an answerto these concepts we utilize the construct of “boundary-work”, which describes an ideologicalstyle found in scientists’ attempts to create a public image for science by contrasting it favorablyto non-scientific intellectual or technical activities. Alternative sets of characteristics availablefor ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: sciencecan be made to look
5) reflecting technical, interpersonal, and personal skills on a scale of 5 in terms ofhow well they were trained in these skills before graduation (1=poor, 5=excellent) andhow important are those skills for their professional success (1=not needed, 5= extremelyneeded. Before starting After practicing career engineering Mb SD Ma SD Theoretical knowledge 3.71 .85 3.39 1.0 Technical
bestpractices, women or minorities on teams can experience negative outcomes. Their perspectivesare not always considered valid by majority teammates, and they are often assigned unimportanttasks3, 4, reflecting a societal stereotype of majority men as engineering “experts.” Moreover,under-representation of one’s social group (e.g., gender or race) in the academic environment canlead to reduced performance as a result of stereotype threat, i.e. the concern that poorperformance may appear stereotype-confirming to others5, 6, 7. The isolation that these studentsfeel on their teams may lead to diminished feelings of belonging in their field and lower retentionamong these individuals8.Despite the employment of best practices, our earlier analysis of
towards tutoring and the impact of serving asa peer educator, and 3) whether level of commitment to group SI correlated with tutors’perceptions of how they were impacted.Forty-one individuals who served as peer tutors at Northeastern University between 2005 and2018 were invited to respond to online surveys. Those who completed the online survey wereinvited to participate in follow-up phone interviews. Subjects were asked about their experienceswith SI, their motivations to provide instruction, their level of commitment to the program,and—as they reflected on their college and post-graduation endeavors—their perceptions of thevalue of their tutoring experience. Statistical comparisons were drawn from the responses of 20female and 9 male tutors to
other intercultural competencies.Results - Part 1: International Collaboration: Barriers & RecommendationsAs part of their blogging reflections, delegates were asked to list five factors they consider to bebarriers to international collaboration for underrepresented minorities, particularly related towork/life balance. They were also asked to provide recommendations for dealing with suchbarriers. The following sections provide an overview of common factors discussed among thegroup both from the general perspective of being underrepresented minorities as well as relatedto the issues specific to women.Both male and female delegates listed lack of knowledge as one barrier to participation ininternational collaboration. As one male Latino
productive, then you’re good to go. And if people think that you’re just off having a bunch of kids all the time and you’re not doing your work…that reflects negatively on you. But at the same time…there’s…all these guys in the department…who have kids, right? And I don’t think it’s ever reflected negatively on them that they’ve had kids.Similar concerns over stigma for women were echoed by numerous others. In fact, oneparticipant reported that she did not even tell colleagues about her pregnancy until her eighthmonth of pregnancy because she believed they would judge her negatively, and she was alreadyat a disadvantage because she had less “respect and stature” than older, male colleagues. Otherfemale participants believed
supervisors as role models and mentors. Third,male engineers did not describe mentoring solely as an instrumental or task-focused exercise,7,8Engineers reported mentoring experiences in both relational and task-oriented terms and oftenemphasized the relational aspects and benefits to having a mentor. Overall, theiracknowledgement of mentoring while struggling to initially recall such experiences and lateremphasizing their feeling of being highly self motivated and autonomous reflected theautonomy-connectedness dialectic. In the following sections we briefly review the literature oncareers, career socialization and mentorship.BackgroundPrevious research on female engineers’ mentoring and career socialization discoursesA study focusing on the nature of
representationof women in science (62%) while Argentina has 52%, Chile trails with 30% [2].STEM disciplines mirrors this underrepresentation, with areas such as computer science, physics andmathematics the least represented by women [1]. Factors that influence career selection in STEMdisciplines are deep-rooted gender stereotypes in Latin America, reflected both at family and societallevel [4], [5], [6]. Many countries and / or universities have yet to incorporategender equality as policy.Various initiatives are being developed that focus on promoting equality and empowerment of women(UN and UNESCO) [1] [2] The European W-STEM project coordinated by a research group operatingout of a university in Barranquilla, Colombia, has focused on three relevant
f5 Geography How the environment and physical location affect individuals’ perceptions of STEM f6 Finances How the economic status of a country and individuals affect STEM and individuals f7 Prestige Having the latest trend and showing off had affected STEM and individuals SOCIOCULTURAL: the ways habits, traditions, and beliefs consciously or unconsciously reflect a majority of F3 society groups F3.1 Institutions Group of people who come together for a common purpose f8 Family Certain life situations between common ancestors that help shape preferences f9 Friends Relationship of mutual affection between people that helps shape preferences f10 Schools
education, gender issues, women in engineering, students' perceptions,educational innovationIntroductionParticipation of women in the engineering industry is meager, and their under-representation inengineering remains despite the industry's efforts. Attracting more women into the field has notyet been achieved, and their participation is still judged as insufficient by several authors [1].This fact is reflected initially in the low number of women enrolled in careers in the engineeringarea. If we specifically analyze the construction sector, it is not effective to push more women toenter these careers since the percentage of women employed in construction is proportional toincome. The probability that they will finish the degree and serve the
-age women often lack interest in STEM disciplines because of prejudices andstereotypes that have discouraged them. Chile is one of the countries that has made significantprogress in reducing the gender gap. However, progress in training women in STEM disciplineshas been low compared to other Latin American countries.The Engineering Faculty of the Universidad Andres Bello has carried out the "Biobio Women inScience and Technology Meeting" for two consecutive years. The first was an in-person event,and the second in online mode. The sessions aimed to encourage young women in the last twoyears of high school (ages 16 to 17) to have greater interest and access to university STEMdisciplines.This study reflects on young Chilean women's needs and
scalesrepresenting academic challenge (higher order learning, reflective and integrative learning,learning strategies, and quantitative reasoning) and two scales representing experiences withfaculty (student-faculty interactions and effective teaching practices). The subscales associatedwith the latter set of indicators (experiences with faculty) are similar to faculty support andstudent-faculty interaction scales used in other research efforts. In contrast, the four subscalesassociated with academic challenge reflect what students actually do in their academic endeavorsby measuring time on task associated with the various skills that students use and develop duringtheir college experience [15].Studies which focus on the emotional aspects of engagement are
reflection that results in apositive experience as well – positive in the sense that the experience of the power of namingand claiming can itself be empowering.A Multiple Case StudyCase study methodology can be defined as in-depth research that focuses on a specific anddistinct “phenomenon of scientific interest” [10]. Such a phenomenon can be “a group, anindividual, an organization, a community, a relationship … or a specific project” [11]. Ourparticular focus was a group of individuals, and therefore a multiple case study. Thoseindividuals were undergraduate women in ESPTs who understood themselves to have hadgenerally (but not exclusively) positive experiences and were willing to share descriptions ofthose experiences. This focus required that we
; alpha =.78) and Inauthentic Self-in-Relationship (AFIS-ISR; alpha = .73). Higher scores on these twosubscales reflect an internalized repressive hegemonic femininity ideology. Page 13.827.7Dependent variables Engineering Aspirations. Students were asked to report “How much do you want to go tocollege to study engineering?” (1 = not at all, 5 = a lot). Responses from the 5-point scale wereused to create a dichotomous variable representing plans to study engineering (“a little” or “alot”) versus lack of interest in studying engineering (“not at all” “not much” or “neutral”). Mathematics Aspirations. Students were asked to report “How
originally named agricultural engineering have been changed to includebiological or biological systems to reflect this shift. The primary professional society of thediscipline, the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (founded in 1907) changed its nameto the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering in 2005. Students with aninterest in biological engineering comprise the vast majority of students enrolled in BAEprograms. Page 11.902.2 1This study was motivated by an informal conversation among female faculty in BAEdepartments during the 1998 ASEE meeting. After determining that our
questions (highest interest) by sex. Both sexes are interestedin mixing material (expected) but less so on how diseases like cancer work (not expected).Absent is mathematics interest for girls (expected) and space interest for boys (not expected):Figure 7 and Figure 8. Top Six STEM Interest Questions by Sex.By category, for some of the demographics, the mean scores reflect similar ranges as theresponses to the perception question “Do girls belong in engineering.” Note that the sample sizesfor different ethnic demographics are very small and can only serve as food for thought andfuture study, not for making claims. For example (Fig. 9), African American students score low,whereas Pacific Islanders and Whites score higher. Note Asian American and
process 13% 25% 11% Help with career path 0% 25% 7%Before the workshop, all of the participants knew how to define racism. However, 67% of theattendees did not know what a micro-aggression was. Surprisingly, none of the faculty listedpossible benefits of being proactive. Students listed that some people may be shy (22%), can't sit Page 26.565.10and do nothing (22%), you get to learn (11%) and can avoid potential problems before theyoccur (22%).Post session methods to increase participation were more concrete and reflected that sessionattendees did learn something (Table 4
., 2016, p. 6). However, this dichotomy does not reflect the heterogeneity and blendof real engineering practice in industry, thus there is a tension that arises within the division oflabour. Women and minoritized individuals will assimilate valued forms of technical masculinityin the workplace in order to build positive professional identities. This techno-social dualism isused as a framework for analyzing engineering design discourses to deconstruct invisiblemessaging that may unintentionally create spaces that are not inclusive.MethodThis paper uses discourse analysis to review highly cited engineering education literature onengineering design and observe themes. The discourse analysis methodology and the datasetselection method are both
it.Feminist pedagogy strives for a more egalitarian classroom where power is shared betweenteacher and student learners; this must include self-reflection of teachers, acknowledgingteachers and students as learners and knowers thereby seeing the role of the professor more asguide than expert and valuing the voices of individual students. Rather than serving as the all-knowing deliverer of truth, the teacher is a guide for student learning… While teachers are encouraged to enrich syllabi by choosing materials that will appeal to a wide range of students and that cover areas that include the students’ subjectivities, students are encouraged to comment upon and negotiate syllabi, course
an undergraduate first-year engineering course, a five-week module on leadership wasoffered in addition to two other modules focused on more traditional engineering topics,bioengineering and mechanical engineering. Students were able to choose two out of the threemodules as part of their requirement for the course. The leadership module presentedmechanisms for developing professional skills and also provided hands-on application of theseskills through K-12 service learning at a local science museum. Because women tend to bedrawn to engineering sectors that give back to society, we hypothesized that the confidencelevels of women would reflect the benefit of the leadership module.To assess the impact of the module, we developed a survey based
exams and a final group project comprising a written report, an oral presentation, and anoutreach teaching activity at a local children’s science museum. The grades were assigned basedon 25% for each of two exams, 10% assignments, and 40% final project.This course’s unique emphasis on outreach teaching and on communication and interpersonalskills was enacted primarily through the skills lab and the final group project. The commontheme around which these activities were built was Felder’s learning styles. In the skills lab,students began the semester by identifying their learning styles with Felder’s online assessmenttool (active vs. reflective; intuitive vs. sensing; sequential vs. global; visual vs. verbal).21 The conceptof learning styles was
). However, one of the earlier definitions is still widely accepted andcomprehensive: Service-learning is “a course based, credit-bearing, educational experience inwhich students (a) participate in an organized service activity that meets identified communityneeds and (b) reflect on the service activity in such a way as to gain further understanding ofcourse content, a broader appreciation of the discipline, and an enhanced sense of civicresponsibility." (Bringle & Hatcher, 1995). Key elements of service-learning that appear to beimportant to researchers and practitioners include: projects or placements that meet academicobjectives in a credit-bearing course, the meeting of real community needs, analysis or reflectionon the part of students to
activities; and (4) opportunities for reflective learning regarding their leadershipexperiences. As seen in the graphic of Fig. 1 that depicts the central elements of RAMP, thisprogram supports the first two of these conditions through students interacting with professionalsfrom industry, building a community of peers who look like them, and creating social networkswith faculty, staff, and administrators in the new environment they are transitioning into. The facilitation of FGs by women (including both women of color and White women)and their reflections on this activity as discussed in this study are among the co-curricularprograms being designed to promote leadership roles and the formation of engineering identities.It is also of interest
discussed thenegative health impacts to the locals cited by LYG (38%). Few students discussed the more‘emotional’ side of LYG in relation to the situation.Overall, requiring the students to tie the code of ethics to the situation described by LYG on theTampa highway system seemed to work moderately well. If the instructor had time to read thestudent reflections in the homework prior to class, a richer discussion could have been facilitated.It was interesting to see what elements students picked up on. For example, some misinterpretedor seemed to minimize the situation.The ethics assignment was followed by a lecture and homework assignment on JEDI. JEDI wasintegrated into the course as a required CU101 topic for all first-year students. The