Conference Session

Focus on High School Girls in Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati; Michelle Shafer, Mt Notre Dame High School; Brian Lien, Princeton High School; Carolyn Rost, Mother of Mercy High School

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

AC 2008-919: FROM 0 TO 60 IN 1 YEAREugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati Eugene is an Academic Director in the College of Engineering at the University of Cincinnati. He is the project leader of a collaboration to develop and deliver pre-eengineering to high schools. Eugene also manages the college's accelerated engineering degree programs.Michelle Shafer, Mt Notre Dame High School Michelle is a degreed Biomedical Engineer who now teaches science at Mt Notre Dame High School near Cincinnati.Brian Lien, Princeton High School Brian Lien teaches technology education classes at Princeton High School near Cincinnati.Carolyn Rost, Mother of Mercy High School Carolyn teaches science and serves

Conference Session

New Trends in Graduate Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Walsh, California Polytechnic State University; Stacey Breitenbach, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

AC 2008-1567: A REVIEW OF THE 4+1 ACCELERATED MASTERS DEGREEPROGRAM:STUDENT AWARENESS PRESAGES STUDENT OPPORTUNITIESDaniel Walsh, California Polytechnic State University Daniel Walsh is currently Associate Dean of the College of Engineering at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. He received his B.S. (Biomedical Engineering) , M.S. (Biomedical Engineering) and Ph.D. (Materials Engineering) degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. Prior to joining Cal Poly, Dr. Walsh was employed by General Dynamics Corporation, as a principal engineer and group leader in the Materials Division.Stacey Breitenbach, California Polytechnic State University Stacey

Conference Session

SE Curriculum and Course Management

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Scott Hawker, Rochester Institute of Technology; Ian Webber, Rochester Institute of Technology; Michael Starenko, Rochester Institute of Technology; Jeremiah Parry-Hill, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

AC 2008-1750: PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE OF USING A LEARNING ANDKNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR AN SE-1 COURSEJ. Scott Hawker, Rochester Institute of Technology Dr. Hawker is an Assistant Professor of Software Engineering at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). He graduated with a B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Texas Tech University. He graduated with a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Lehigh University. He has over 15 years of industry experience developing large-scale, multi-agent information and control systems for diverse applications including manufacturing, combat pilot mission decision support, robotics, and surveillance. In these areas, he developed and

Conference Session

Learning Needs and Educational Success

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Vanasupa, California Polytechnic State University; Victor Granados, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

AC 2008-2943: A NEED FOR SYSTEMS-ORIENTED OUTREACH: LESSONSFROM A FAILED, 1-DIMENSIONAL APPROACHLinda Vanasupa, California Polytechnic State UniversityVictor Granados, California Polytechnic State University Page 13.69.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 A Need for Systems-Oriented Outreach: Lessons from a failed, 1-dimensional approachAbstractTo increase the probability of college-level academic resilience of Hispanic high-school students,we initiated an in-school tutoring and mentoring program. We provided 15 classroom laptopsand free access to a multi-lingual web-based math tutoring site to two test cohorts of high

Conference Session

ERM Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carl Lund, State University of New York at Buffalo

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2008-192: A TEXT FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN THE 21STCENTURY 1. OBJECTIVES AND OVERVIEWCarl Lund, State University of New York at Buffalo Carl Lund has been on the faculty of the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department at the University at Buffalo, SUNY since 1986. He was appointed as a SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor in 2007. Page 13.126.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 A TExT for Engineering Education in the 21st Century 1. Objectives and OverviewAbstractEngineering education research continues to demonstrate that a growing variety of

Collection

2008 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Daniel Walsh; Bob Crockett; Stacey Breitenbach

The 4+1 Accelerated Masters Degree Program: An Empowering Entry Level Degree for Professional Engineers Daniel Walsh*, Bob Crockett, Stacey Breitenbach *College of Engineering, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo dwalsh@calpoly.edu 805 756-2131AbstractThe 4 + 1 Program is an accelerated route to the professional MS degree. In many evolvingtechnical areas, four years is not enough time for the formal education of an engineer about toenter a lifelong career of professional practice, even when the individual is committed to lifelong learning. The 4 + 1 program started in

Conference Session

Engineering in Middle Schools

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Crips, Laramie Middle School; William Parker, Laramie County School District 1; Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

is also a military veteran serving honorably three years in the United States Naval Reserve and 17 years, Wyoming Army National Guard.William Parker, Laramie County School District 1 William T. Parker currently manages Taylored Consulting Services, and is under contract with Laramie County School District Number 1. He retired in January 2006 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service (NOAA-NWS) after 36 years. His last assignment was in Cheyenne as the Wyoming Area Manager and Meteorologist in Charge starting in 1985. Prior to Cheyenne, he served in many management and program leader positions in the NWS. He had assignments in Lubbock

Conference Session

Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in Manufacturing Education 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline Isaacs, Northeastern University; Jay Laird, Metaversal Studios; Seth Sivak, Carnegie Mellon University; Mark Sivak, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

investment costs andgreen values for each technology option, and there is a hierarchy to the innovation optionsavailable for each turn. The students work within their team and budget (and within ten rounds ofthe game) to try to create the most profitable and green supply chain. Students compete withother supply chain teams. Successful game strategy requires both cooperation and competitionfor players to succeed.1. BackgroundThis work is based upon development of a board game, entitled Shortfall (previously reported[1-3]), which simulates a simplified supply chain for automobile production. The goal andchallenge of playing Shortfall is to learn to maximize profit while minimizing environmentalimpact. The auto industry manufacturing supply chain

Conference Session

Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in Manufacturing Education 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Leduc, Ball State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

” and “Six Sigma” technical articles published in the Societyof Manufacturing Engineering Technical Articles section, Six Sigma was primarily identified asa quality program with a focus on reducing process variation and Lean as a program focused oneliminating waste and improving flow using problem solving and statistical tools.1 Many of thearticles simply focused on the Lean and Six Sigma tool kits.In a recent article, the author advocated an integrated approach to process improvement usinglean manufacturing and Six Sigma principles.2 Another article which focused on Lean, arguedthat “successful execution of the corporate strategy is the ultimate goal not merely becomingLean” and offered Profit Mapping as a methodology for tying Lean to the

Conference Session

Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in Manufacturing Education 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Lobaugh, Pennsylvania State University-Erie

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

certain activities such as the follow:From “Value Stream Management” (Don Tapping)1The process of Value Stream Mapping can be reduced to 6 general steps: 1. Determine the appropriate process to improve. 2. Create the current state map of the process. 3. Determine the appropriate metric for improvement. 4. Create the future state map of the process. 5. Determine improvement methods to go from the current state to the future state that achieve the correct metric. 6. Initiate the improvements. Step 1: Determine the appropriate process to improve. In any normal manufacturing environment there can exist many individual processes. Many individual products contain multiple processes, of which each process is further

Conference Session

Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in Manufacturing Education 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Merwan Mehta, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

engineers tocome up with the most efficient plant layout. However, there is not a set methodology that can berepetitively applied to all plant layout exercises so that they turn out as the most efficient plantlayout. In this sense, creating of plant layouts is more of an art than a science1,2,3. Page 13.386.2To aid in coming up with the best layout, one needs to search for alternative solutions whichshould push one to become creative in coming up with a solution that is most efficient. Kirck3, 4has summed up these efforts in a worthy to repeat manner, which have been elaborated below:1) Exert the necessary effort to come up with an optimized

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Atman, University of Washington; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Karl Smith, University of Minnesota; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University; Christine Loucks-Jaret, University of Washington; Dennis Lund, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engineering education programs. The Academic Pathways Study is providing a rich set of Page 13.908.13insights and tools to support these changes and ultimately to strengthen effective teaching of ourfuture engineers.AcknowledgmentsThis material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.ESI-0227558, which funds the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education (CAEE).CAEE is a collaboration of five partner universities.End Notes:a The Longitudinal Cohort (Fall 2003—Spring 2007) was initially called Cohort 1; the twoBroader Sampling Cohorts using the APPLE Surveys were referred to as Cohorts 3 and 4.; andthe

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mia Clark, Stanford University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Cynthia Atman, University of Washington; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Karl Smith, University of Minnesota

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

(STEM) students with the skillsand knowledge needed to tackle the technological challenges of the 21st century, the NationalScience Foundation granted funding in 2003 to the Center for the Advancement of EngineeringEducation (CAEE), dedicated to advancing the scholarship of engineering learning and teaching.The largest element of the CAEE is the Academic Pathways Study (APS), an in-depth, mixedmethods exploration of the undergraduate student experience and the graduate’s transition intoprofessional practice. The APS addresses the following research questions: 1. How do students' engineering skills and knowledge develop and/or change over time? 2. How does one's identity as an engineer evolve? 3. What elements of engineering education

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krista Donaldson, Stanford University; Gary Lichtenstein, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

have a high degree of certainty oftheir parents’ levels of education). This method of measure is used, for example, on the NationalSurvey of Student Engagement (NSSE), which is distributed each year to nearly 20 percent ofuniversity freshmen and seniors in the U.S. and Canada. Similar to the NSSE subjects, ourstudents are asked the highest level of education reached by both parents with each level is givena numerical value on a 0 to 1 scale as shown in Table 1. Respondents also have the option ofchoosing “I prefer not to answer.” Table 1. Values for each parent’s education level in determination of SES. The APPLES prompt was “What is the highest level of education that your mother

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helen Chen, Stanford University; Krista Donaldson, Stanford University; Ozgur Eris, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Debbie Chachra, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Gary Lichtenstein, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; George Toye, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

futureAPPLES deployments and analyses.Introduction/BackgroundThe Academic Pathways Study (APS) of the NSF-funded Center for the Advancement ofEngineering Education (CAEE) is a cross-university study that systematically examines howengineering students navigate their education, and how engineering skills and identity developduring their undergraduate careers1,2. APS research falls under the umbrella of the Center for theAdvancement of Engineering Education (CAEE) whose goals are to: 1. Identify ways to boost the numbers of students who complete engineering degrees (including increasing the numbers of women and traditionally underrepresented groups) 2. Better support those enrolled in engineering programs 3. Encourage greater numbers of

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Sislena Ledbetter, Howard University; Dawn Williams, Howard University; Janice McCain, Howard University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education at Howard University. Dr. McCain's areas of interest include persistence and motivation, retention of minority students in higher education, and international economic development, particularly as it relates to women in Africa. Page 13.524.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008Engineering Students Define Diversity: An Uncommon Thread Page 13.524.2 1 Engineering Students Define Diversity: An Uncommon

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Morozov, University of Washington; Deborah Kilgore, University of Washington; Ken Yasuhara, University of Washington; Cynthia Atman, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

racial/ethnic majority group, while these differences were not as stronglyexpressed among underrepresented minorities. We also saw differences in how well women andmen think their courses are preparing them to engage in these design activities. The studycontributes new insights by examining the link between design confidence and courseexperience, as well as the relevance of other factors. IntroductionDespite years of research and intervention, women and some racial/ethnic minority studentscontinue to be underrepresented in engineering [1]. For instance, women earned less than onefifth of the Bachelor’s degrees in engineering and engineering technologies granted in the U.S. in2004 [2]. While

Conference Session

Electrical ET Curriculum and Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Everly, University of Cincinnati; Brian Resnick, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

microcontroller operating at 50MHz. The beacon has a choice of three base carrier audio frequencies, namely: 500 Hz, 1 kHz,and 2 kHz. As an added bonus, students are introduced to RF amplifier concepts by taking theoutput from the audio beacon and injecting the audio signal into the microphone input of a fivewatt single-sideband transmitter. To form a conventional RF Beacon operating on 3.579 MHz(Amateur Radio 80 meter band), the output of the Class AB push-pull RF power amplifier issequentially reduced by switching in-line a series of 3 dB attenuators until the output power Page 13.93.2reaches 0.63 watts. The transmit Beacon data string consists of

Conference Session

Mentoring

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne Zurn-Birkhimer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Beth Holloway, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

arena to foster academic goals, establish personal connections, develop leadershipand mentoring skills, and address their personal aspirations. These goals are achieved within theframework of a networking mentoring model which has been outlined by Walthall, Hollowayand Reklaitis.1 They found that students who participated in the WIEP GMP were more likely tobe retained in the Purdue University College of Engineering graduate program due to the supportnetwork and community environment such a group provides. However, due to a recent declinein participation, an innovative departmental-based group mentoring component was introducedto the program in Fall 2007. The goal of the component is to encourage participants to act asboth mentors and mentees

Conference Session

Learning from Entrepreneurship Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Thornton, University of Maryland; Jacqueline Rogers, University of Maryland (Retired); Nathan Myers, University of Maryland; Monica Neukomm, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

ProcessThe program was designed to select cohorts of 20-25 each year to reach a capacity of 80-100students between the two institutions. While it would have been unrealistic to expect 100 percentof the students to complete the program, there were some surprises regarding the expectation thatcohorts would transfer in a systematic fashion.As the second year of the program began, instead of 20 students from the first admission grouptransferring, only 14 students (8 from the first admission group in Fall 2006, 6 from the secondadmission group in Spring 2007) transferred to the University of Maryland and 7 students (6from the first admission group, 1 from the second admission group) left the program. The

Conference Session

Graphics and Visualization

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Study, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

corresponding object on theidentification chart with their left hand8. A picture showing the typical setup of the testingenvironment from the test examiner’s perspective is shown in Figure1. There is no set time limitto administer the HVDT and the average time required by subjects in this study was 10 to 15minutes. Scores were recorded on a standard score sheet by the examiner. Figure 1. HVDT setup from examiner’s perspective Page 13.1233.3For analysis, raw scores can be converted to scaled scores for each age group. A scaled score of10 represents the mean of the raw scores. Scaled score deviations of 3 equal one standarddeviation. A

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Harris, California Polytechnic State University; Dominic Dalbello, Allan Hancock College; Jianbiao Pan, California Polytechnic State University; Albert Liddicoat, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

students. To accomplishthis, the team partitioned the initial concept of one learning module into the development of twolearning modules: (1) a tutorial learning module that will provide the student with foundationalknowledge of PCB technology and the resources available on the web, and with a proceduraltemplate for developing a PCB board; and (2) a laboratory learning module designed to replacetwo standard experiments on operational amplifiers (op-amps) which we believe are taken by allengineering students in the lower division.The development of each of the learning modules will be discussed below. The plan is tointegrate these learning modules into the lower division electrical engineering service coursetaken by all engineering majors. The

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Henry Chaya, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

course was offered, the Arab university had a single 1 Mbit/sec Internet connection forthe entire campus at a cost of $1200 per month. During the hours students are on campus, all downloadsof audio or video content had to be blocked. This restriction made any sort of synchronous interactionwith students impractical except for text messaging or chat. It was not feasible to upload any files fromthe USA that were larger than a few megabytesSome students did not have personal computers at home, and had to rely on university computer labswhich were open from 8 AM to 4 PM Monday to Friday. Page 13.444.2The official language of instruction at

Conference Session

Issues of Diversity in Graduate Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene DeLoatch, Morgan State University; Sherra Kerns, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Lueny Morell, Hewlett-Packard; Carla Purdy, University of Cincinnati; Paige Smith, University of Maryland; Samuel Truesdale, Rolls-Royce Corporation

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

• recruitment • undergrad research • preparation for grad school • admissions evaluator training • financial aid • community building • mentoringIn Table I below, we list these areas and the stakeholders who can best support each one of them.While progress in achieving diversity at the graduate level continues to be made, true diversitywill only be achieved by each of these groups continuing their efforts and sharing theirknowledge. Table 1: Summary of Key Strategies and Stakeholder Responsibility Adminis- Faculty Diversity Govern- Professional Corporate Student Students trators Program ment Societies / Sponsors Groups

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Meyer, Purdue University; Mark Johnson, Purdue University School of ECE; Cordelia Brown, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

others appeared to be transcribed “after the fact”. We attempted to address these issues by evaluating each student’s lab notebook tear-out sheets several times throughout the semester (on a total of four different occasions). While this rather significant effort on the our part lead to notable improvements in the lab notebooks relative to previous offerings, there is still room for improvement especially for team members charged with software development, who generally kept the “worst” notebooks. The fundamental problem appears to be getting students to: (a) appreciate the value of a good lab notebook, and (b) take it seriously.1

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Collins, J.P. Morgan Chase; Gerard Lennon, Lehigh University; John Ochs, Lehigh University; Richard Weisman, Lehigh University; Vincent Munley, Lehigh University; Joseph Sterrett, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

the current paper.1 I. ILE Over view and Cour se PhilosophyIn 1997 the Lehigh Earth Observatory (LEO) began conducting a land use analysis for aparcel of Lehigh University property that the university was planning to sell. Theeconomic and environmental surveys were conducted by a group of 13 Lehigh Universitystudents with a wide array of majors and under the direction of Drs. Carl Moses (Earth &Environmental Sciences) and Vincent Munley (Economics). Faculty supervisors fromeach of the departments were invited to work with the instructors. The group wassuccessful in completing a wetland analysis, geotechnical analysis, and a cost/benefitanalysis for the area through field experimentation and zoning restriction

Conference Session

Innovation in Construction Engineering Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kris Mattila, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Conference Session

Novel Courses and Content for ChEs I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen White, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Glen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kay C Dee, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

13.432.3Assessments utilized in the kinesthetic active sessions were developed and scored by aninstructor (who also teaches the ES 201 course) who met with the authors to discuss specificsession learning objectives and general topics. The assessments were not seen by the authorsprior to their administration during the kinesthetic active sessions.Table 1 indicates the demographics of the students who participated in the kinesthetic activesessions, and table 2 provides the breakdown of these students into groups based on the degree oftheir preference for kinesthetic learning (based on the VARK, kinesthetic). Table 1: Demographics of the student population who participated in the kinesthetic active SLOs Number of students

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claude Villiers, Florida Gulf Coast University; Yusuf Mehta, Rowan University; Robert O'Neill, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

WSOE administrators treat this three credithours course to four contact hours. The course outline along with topics covered is presented inTable 1. These topics are typical to Civil Engineering Materials course in different institutions.In fact, the syllabus is very similar to the one at Rowan University. Details about each modulesincluding aggregate, cement, PCC, liquid asphalt, HMA, and wood were presented by Mehta2.As presented in the table, in addition to the lecture lab format, four separate labs were conductedoutside the classroom environment. As in the conventional approach, these lab exercises were Page 13.470.3carried out in a typical

Conference Session

Enhancing K12 Mathematics Education with Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eli Silk, University of Pittsburgh; Christian Schunn, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

are required to effectively enable students’ mastery of themore general mathematical ideas.IntroductionMathematics curricula that is “a mile wide and an inch deep”1 is often cited as a reason for poorK-12 mathematics achievement in the United States, since it most likely contributes tosuperficial coverage of ideas, students’ views of mathematics as simply a large collection of roteprocedures2, and acquisition of inert knowledge that is learned without consideration for its useoutside of the classroom3. Engineering design has been proposed as an alternative approach toteaching mathematics (in addition to other disciplines such as science and technology) as it hasthe potential to serve as an integrator4, providing a context in which students