Conference Session

Computer-Based Learning Models

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

24.218.5top-down attention executive attention, but executive attention is a more complex system that 4also includes self-regulation (such as the type needed when following a healthy diet or regulatingthe amount of time spent on Facebook), planning, and decision making 91-93.Executive attention can be trainedGround-breaking research conducted by Michael Posner and colleagues has demonstrated thatexecutive attention can be trained in as little as five days 94. Methods for attention traininginclude interactive computer-based exercises for children and techniques for adults that do notrequire the use of technology. Several research studies have documented

Conference Session

A Focus on Non-Traditional Students and Non-Traditional Course Delivery Methods

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Armineh Noravian, San Francisco State University; Patricia Irvine, San Francisco State University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

key factor that allows students to connect their experiences with the concepts theylearn and their future practices is learning through performing projects. Students in this studyreported that technical content combined with the process of learning and applying knowledge tosolve a problem was important. In fact, students saw processes such as planning, thinking incertain ways, learning how to learn on their own, and doing research as important as acquiringtechnical knowledge. These kinds of knowledge can best be acquired through working on bothwell- and ill-structured problems.AcknowledgementThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.DUE 1003589. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Courses and Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amit Shashikant Jariwala, Georgia Institute of Technology; Feng Zhou, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wen-hao Zeng, Georgia Institute of Technology; Shijiao Li, Georgia Institute of Technology; Charles Drexler; Chong Wang; Hongrui Zhang, Georgia institute of Technology; Roger Jianinx Jiao, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

potential of the electric vehicle. It could dramaticallysimplify the mechanical layout by connecting the motors directly to the wheels. This designwould reduce the number of drivetrain components, thus improving the overall reliability andefficiency. This option also reduces the drivetrain weight since the mechanical differentials arenot used7. Therefore, the team designed an electric drive control system to test its feasibility andreliability.Design ProcessThe design process mainly followed the P&B method8; including four phases, namely, planningand clarifying the task, conceptual design, embodiment design, and detail design.Planning and Clarifying the TaskThe first phase of the P&B Method involves product planning as well as the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Experiential Learning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold R Underwood, Messiah College; Donald George Pratt, Messiah College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

of the process requires significant time and effort by faculty advisors,including a manager of the project curriculum, with appropriate load credit. Plan ahead at least ayear in advance, so as to adequately structure and schedule the experience. Prepare students andfaculty with clear expectations. Configure an LMS to facilitate the process. These steps help notonly in effectively guiding the students through the process, but in making the experience a moreauthentic model of the “real” job search. Page 24.303.14References1. Cavanaugh, Ryan, et al. “Automating the Process of Assigning Students to Cooperative-Learning Teams

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hong Man, Stevens Institute of Technology (SES)

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

each session. In the second part,student simulates some basic NMR sequences, including saturation recovery (SR) and spin echo(SE). In SR simulation, student specifies the T1, T2 values, an excitation angle, the repetitiontime (TR), echo time (TE), and repetition number. Student will observe the vector animation andFID that is generated. In SE simulation, student specifies number of spins, e.g. 10, off-resonancefrequencies randomly distributed between -50 Hz and 50 Hz. Student can observe the animationof all these spin vectors and the aggregated FID signals. In particular, this simulation is veryhelpful in explaining the divergence and refocus of magnetization on x-y plan in SE. Thisexercise is also very long, and it usually takes students two

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State University; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Colleen M. Seifert, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

plywood boards. Similarly, while a few of Participant 4’sideas could be compared to existing products, many of them seemed outside of the traditionalscope of expected snow transport equipment.Another difference was that the ideas generated by the more adaptive students (Participants 1 and2) seemed more practical, more efficient for immediate implementation, and easier to predict thatthey would work as planned than the more innovative students (Participants 3 and 4. The majorityof ideas proposed by Participants 3 and 4 seemed like they would need more extensive pilottesting and experiments to prove they would function, and would take longer to bring to theimplementation stage.A third difference was noticed between Participant 2 (a more adaptive

Conference Session

Promoting Technological Literacy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College-Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

experiences in the mini projects in a provided) more substantial creative activity in which all the skills acquired could be utilised.Exhibit 2. The projects in order of their completion. 9 & 10 as planned are not included because they werenot completed. Reproduced from Owen, S and J. Heywood (1990) Transition technology in Ireland.International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 1 (1), 21 – 32. The evaluation includes a dailyaccount of what happened on the course. 12 males and 12 females in the age range 16 – 18 completed thethree week program which was completed in a custom built laboratory financed by the Irish

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul C. Lynch, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Cynthia Bober, Penn State University; Jennifer Louise Mines, The Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

Page 24.379.14material. A passionate professor can make students curious about the material and motivatethem to study the material more9-10. Litzinger et. al state that instructors should focus onstimulating interest in their subject area for all students regardless of their varying backgroundsand abilities9. Educators should stress the importance of how course material will be relevant inthe future. Similarly, if students understand how current class material is vital for theirunderstanding in future classes, they may value the class more2, 9. Hence, tying course material tofuture academic and career plans will show students the importance of the course.Question O: Learning Styles and PreferencesResearch by Felder and colleagues shows the

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Osvaldo Mangual, Honeywell Aerospace; Marvi Teixeira, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico; Reynaldo Lopez-Roig, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico; Felix Javier Nevarez-Ayala, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

providedsufficient amount of detail so it can be used as a point of departure for further research. It canalso be used as an educational resource in algorithm manipulation, and/or further codedevelopment, regarding the choice of mixed-mode (MPI-OpenMP) versus direct MPIimplementations. Future WorkAs a future work we plan to benchmark for memory efficiency, where the mixed-mode approachcould have an advantage, and to advance our code optimization efforts seeking an increasedperformance for both techniques. ConclusionsBy using MPI for distributing data to

Conference Session

Mechanical Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig J. Gunn, Michigan State University; Pavel M. Polunin, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

in which they handle the writing tasks. Students should alsobe required to begin the process of oral presentation early in their academic careers. Professorsshould give their students every chance available to speak of the technical knowledge that theyare learning. As interest grows, planned seminars and workshops can be provided that willemphasize the importance of the engineering faculty as the catalyst for improvement.The structure of unified technical knowledge and communication skill can be accomplishedthrough a concerned engineering faculty speaking about communication, not preaching about it.By involving students in the work that they themselves do, the faculty of every engineeringdepartment can stimulate a massive movement in the

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chen Guo, Purdue University; Yingjie Victor Chen, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Craig L. Miller, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nathan W. Hartman, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amy B. Mueller, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrick E. Connolly, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

resources16. Wanget al17 develops a VA system to help bridge managers analyze bridges and plan maintenances.Wong et al18 created a visualization system called GreenGrid to examine power systeminformation through semantic encoding, multilevel graph visualization, and force-directedlayout. Jigsaw19 and CZsaw20 enable users to make sense of a large collection of text. They offera collection of visualizations to detect the connection among alternatives. With document view,scatter-plot view, history view, and dependency graph, these visualizations can help usersexamine the connection between entities and support analytical strategies. Such VA systemshave been widely adopted in many domains. But it is still rare to see the application of VA onPLM.Possible

Conference Session

Research Experience in Stormwater Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter McDonald, Virginia Tech; Randel L. Dymond, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech; Daniel S. Brogan, Virginia Tech; Debarati Basu, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

LabVIEW programming.The rain gage provides supporting precipitation data to reduce any uncertainties in the weatherstation measurements. There are also plans to expand the field site with additional measurementdevices and data collection hardware. An ultrasonic transducer will collect stage measurementsin a weir just upstream of the site and will help to provide additional flow measurements toensure data quality and accuracy. A power monitor will also be installed to track the powerconsumption of the devices in order to optimize the energy efficiency of the lab.Data Collection HardwareData from the environmental sensors is collected using an industrial embedded computer(National Instruments CompactRIO) housed in the main control box at the LEWAS

Conference Session

Integration of Engineering and Other Disciplines (Including Liberal Arts)

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Otto, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Bradley Adam Camburn, University of Texas, Austin, and Singapore University of Technology & Design; Kristin L. Wood, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD); Giacomo Nannicini, SUTD; Roland Bouffanais, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Elica Kyoseva, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Jean Wan Hong Yong, SUTD; Dario Poletti, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Robert E Simpson; Aditya Prasad Mathur

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

solving industrial problems.Chesler et al.9 report on an introduction to design course where they make use of virtualepistemic games focused on design trade-offs and client conflict management. In groups of 5,they solve the design projects in 11 hours. Page 24.763.3The approach here is less ambitious in curriculum coordination and planning structure than anyof these efforts; rather this paper discusses a multidisciplinary experience targeting a single term,orchestrated in the courses offered during that term. This is simpler in scope, requiring morelimited coordination of four courses rather than an entire sequence of courses.Introduction

Conference Session

Integration of Engineering and Other Disciplines (Including Liberal Arts)

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Hennessey Wikoff, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Cynthia Wise Barnicki, Milwaukee School of Engineering; James R. Kieselburg II, Grohmann Museum at Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

and engineering classes would be held. Next, it wasdecided that the Museum project would also furnish new office space for the General StudiesDepartment. As a result, the Museum was to become a dynamic space; a laboratory for learningand a venue for the synthesis of art and engineering.Following two years of intensive planning and effort, the Grohmann Museum opened in Octoberof 2007 as the newest and arguably the finest Museum in Milwaukee, in addition to being to only Page 24.784.3Museum of its type in the world. Nowhere else will one find as comprehensive a collectionsurrounding the themes of art, engineering, and occupation. Subjects

Conference Session

The Interdisciplinary Nature of Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Cohen, Lafayette College; Jenn Stroud Rossmann, Lafayette College; Kristen L. Sanford Bernhardt, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

sports projectiles. She is the co-author of an innovative textbook integrating solid and fluid mechanics for undergraduates.Dr. Kristen L. Sanford Bernhardt, Lafayette College Dr. Kristen Sanford Bernhardt is Chair of the Engineering Studies Program and Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Lafayette College. Her expertise is in sustainable civil infras- tructure management and transportation systems. She teaches a variety of courses including sustainability of built systems, transportation systems, transportation planning, civil infrastructure management, and Lafayette’s introductory first year engineering course. Dr. Sanford Bernhardt serves on the American Society of Civil Engineers

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State University; Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Eli M. Silk, University of Michigan; Meisha Nicole Berg, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

flatten the snow with a machine to make it easier to walk on. Heachieved this with two concepts: one was a snow tamper, a machine that would flatten the snowas you push it, and the other was two plywood boards. Similarly, while a few of Participant 4’sideas could be compared to existing products, many of them seemed outside of the traditionalscope of expected snow transport equipment.Another difference was that the ideas generated by the more adaptive students (Participants 1 and2) seemed more practical, more efficient for immediate implementation, and easier to predict thatthey would work as planned than the more innovative students (Participants 3 and 4. The majorityof ideas proposed by Participants 3 and 4 seemed like they would need more

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew E. McFarland, University of Virginia; Reid Bailey, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

0:07:04 0:03:41 distribution plan and power is out of scope. [Carla] begins to rank aloud the requirements for the project. The group begins reading through specs to determine what sensors are provided. --- --- --- --- --- [Patricia] updates [Carla] on the [Bradley] and [Olivia] are issues of sensitivity faced with testing the RFID sensor (and I the thin force sensor. [Patricia] believe distance sensor) inside 7.23 0:53:51 0:54:36

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Kenny Feister, Purdue University; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrice Marie Buzzanell, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Qin Zhu, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

. Course resources Elective. focus on project management. Orientation Service-learning. Capstone Business, Several. Some Human services, Engineering products and are specifically access and Design focus services. “work for business abilities, including business like companies.” (business education and and industrial planning and outreach, the design issues. venture analysis

Conference Session

FPD 4: Peers and Perceptions

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University; Robert D. Adams, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

samplesize, the results indicate that self-assessment can be used as a tool to monitor the achievement ofcritical outcomes. Regular and periodic self-assessment from students might help an instructor tocome up with an early intervention plan to reconfigure course content or to change contentdelivery methods in order to enhance the possibility of achieving critical learning outcomes. Thisis important since the direct assessment of specific outcomes is typically done at the end of thesemester, or during program assessment, which is often too late for students who have alreadytaken courses in which outcomes have not been achieved. Although important and necessary, theformal means of direct assessment do not provide the instructor with an immediate

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Florian Misoc, Southern Polytechnic State University; Jeff Wagner, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

developments in inexpensivecomputing power and internet communication, with the increasing number of online academicprograms, have prompted the need of laboratory teaching.1Laboratory teaching is the primary method of developing skills and competencies forengineering and/or engineering technology students, ensuring a close fit for the industryrequirements. The set of skills and knowledge acquired by an engineering graduate has to meetthe industry requirements of a global economy. Thus, the laboratory has become an essentialcomponent in all engineering programs.2To determine if the set of skills and competencies required by the industry are properlyaddressed, an assessment plan is generally adopted by engineering/engineering technologydepartments

Conference Session

Global Competency and What Makes a Successful Engineer

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University; Miriam Regina Simon, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

International

engineering in the first-year course sequences.4) Consistent with the College’s strategic plan, establish a College of Engineering GlobalizationStudies Office with specific responsibilities and funding for study abroad opportunities andcoordination of curriculum globalization activities within the curriculum.Bibliography[1] K. Hovland, "Global Learning: What Is It? Who is Responsible for It?," Association of American Colleges and Universities, pp. 4-7, 2009.[2] G. L. Downey, J. C. Lucena, B. M. Moskal, R. Parkhurst, T. Bigley, C. Hays, K. B. Jesiek, L. Kelly, J. Miller, S. Ruff, J. Lehr and N. Amy, "The Globally Competent Engineer: Working Effectively with People Who Define Problems Differently," Journal of Engineering Education, pp

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Mehmet Ayar, TUBITAK; Dennie L. Smith, Texas A&M University; Christine Ehlig-Economides, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

helpincrease the reliability and the validity of the study’s instrumentation.We welcomed the administrative differences among the professors in different campuses. Ourlearning scientists did not restrict the professors’ teaching style or their questionnaireadministration techniques. Other than the IRB requirements, we let the professors practice theirown style in their classrooms. Fortunately, we have planned collecting both control andexperimental student data from each participating institution that will allow us to identify thecampus differences (using the institutions as co-variance) and control if marginal differences areobserved.Mutual Engagement and Evolved GoalsEach professor sustained participation in this study through weekly meetings in the

Conference Session

INT. Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, Partnerships, and Implementations

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette; James L. Barnes, James Madison University; Susan Kubic Barnes, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

International

study is thenoting of an absence of other studies with this cross-sectional focus. Relatively few studiesanalyzing the efforts of multiple centers of innovation, the exceptions was the relativelywidespread analyses of university contributors to regional innovation systems, were found. Incontrast, most of the identified reports were planning documents for a single center or casestudies/descriptions of a single center’s activity.Recommendations The primary recommendation advanced by the researchers is that more attention be paidto establish centers that focus on the process of innovation. We need to know more about howpeople go about coming up with an innovation5,10,11. What pattern recognition occurs? How doescognitive science inform us

Conference Session

Engineering Identity 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorraine N. Fleming, Howard University; Kalynda Chivon Smith, Howard University; Dawn G. Williams, Howard University; Leonard B. Bliss, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 23.510.7Table 2. Survey Factors and Statements Survey Factors and Statements Factor Survey Statement Engineering I intend to major in an engineering field. Identity I plan to remain enrolled in an engineering major over the next semester. I think that earning a bachelor’s degree in engineering is a realistic goal for me. I am fully committed to getting my college degree in engineering.Interactions Since coming to the College of Engineering I have developed close personalwith Faculty relationships with other students.and Peers The student friendships I have developed at the College of Engineering have

Conference Session

Bringing Biology into Engineering

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Scott Schaffer; Heidi Diefes-Dux; Jenna Rickus; Matthew Verleger

, envisioned seven topics, each withcorresponding online learning modules. To allow for more rapid development and prototyping,Macromedia Flash MX 2004 was selected as the development environment of the modules andtheir associated architecture. To help with the data collection process, a PHP/MySQL databasewas connected to the Flash architecture. For the first iteration of the course, it was decided thatthree online learning modules would be developed. The remaining four modules are planned for Page 10.491.2later development based on the evaluation of the first three. Ion transport, phylogenetic Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for

Conference Session

Mathematics Curriculum in Transition

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Nathan Klingbeil

run of EGR 101 has confirmed thefeasibility of the course, with over 80% of the initial enrollment completing the course with agrade of “C” or better. Student perception following the first run of EGR 101 was alsoencouraging. On average, students confirmed that EGR 101 had increased their motivation tostudy both math and engineering, as well as their chance of success in future math andengineering courses. The ultimate effect of EGR 101 and the restructured engineeringcurriculum on student retention and success in core courses remains to be seen, and will beclosely studied in the months and years to come.Acknowledgements This work has been supported by a planning grant from the National Science Foundation,Division of Engineering

Conference Session

Program Level Assessment

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Linda Strauss; Patrick Terenzini

development meets organizational realities: A conceptual framework for organizational change, examples, and recommendations. Personnel Psychology, 57 (1): 175-209. 4. Tinkelman, S. N. (1971). Planning the objective test. In R. L. Thorndike (Ed.), Educational measurement (2nd ed., pp. 46-80). Washington, DC: American Council on Education. 5. Adams, S. G. (2001). The effectiveness of the E-team approach to invention and innovation with multidisciplinary student teams. 5th Annual National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance National Conference. March 7-10, Washington, D.C. 6. Colbeck, C. L., Cabrera, A. F., & Marine, R. J. (2001). Assessing overall competence of faculty: EC

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research and Assessment II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Glen Livesay; Kay C Dee

(Active-Reflective: n = 151; Sensor-Intuitor: n = 153; Visual-Verbal: n = 157;Sequential-Global: n = 143).Since the ILS was administered to the entire freshman class of engineering students, the learningstyles of a variety of planned engineering majors are contained within the data. The top threeintended majors were: 25% biomedical engineering, 18% undecided engineering, 13%mechanical engineering. Assessment of differences in student learning styles as a function ofintended major was not an objective of the current study, but the relative percentages of majorswere examined to verify that the sample obtained in this work was representative of a ‘normal’freshman engineering class at Tulane University. The percentage of female students included

Conference Session

Electrical & Computer Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Xiannong Meng; Luiz Perrone; Maurice Aburdene

lack expertise in the topics and require additional training .The track approach fares well in following Bruce Schneier’s recommendation to treat “securityas a process, not a product” [5], especially when compared to the single-course approach.Azadegan et al. [1] present a very strong plan for an undergraduate track in computer securitythat has been in use at Towson University since 2001. While this track keeps the standard corecourses in the general Computer Science curriculum, it adds as many as five new ComputerScience electives (Introduction to Information Security, Network Security, Application SoftwareSecurity, Operating Systems Security, and Case Studies in CS) and one Math elective(Introduction to Cryptography). Judging by this list of

Conference Session

Innovative Topics in ChE Curriculum

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Ann Marie Flynn

perhaps Ecuador’s severest economic crisis of this generation, the governmentof Ecuador has come up with a plan to double its export of oil. Construction of a new, aboveground oil pipeline, the OCP (Oleoducto de Crudo Pesado, or Heavy Crude Pipeline) will makeit possible to open up vast new areas of the Amazon to oil exploration. Efficient transportation ofthe crude requires that the temperature of the crude remain above its pour point. Below its pourpoint of 35°C, the crude takes on a wax-like consistency. The crude enters the OCP at 70°C, thetemperature is monitored until it begins to approach its pour point (Toil ≈ 40°C), at which pointsteam is injected to raise the temperature of the crude back up to 70°C. This proposed pipelinewill pass