Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Caitlin A. Keller, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Laura A. Robinson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Holly K. Ault Ph.D., Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

applying criteria to undergraduate student learning,” Teaching in Higher Education, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 705-719, February 2017. [Online] Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1289507. [Accessed: Oct. 18, 2017].[10] K. D. Gutiérrez, J. D. Hunter and A. Arzubiaga, “Re-mediating the university: Learning through sociocritical literacies,” Pedagogies: An International Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1- 23, January 2009. [Online] Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/15544800802557037. [Accessed: Nov. 14, 2017].[11] J. Debes, “The loom of visual literacy: An overview,” Audiovisual Instruction, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 25-27, 1969.[12] S. E. Metros, “The educator’s role in preparing visually literate learners,” Theory into Practice

Conference Session

Perspectives on Degree Completion and Graduate School Application

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio; Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio; Lynn L. Peterson, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

-Project.pdf .8. Dimitriu, D. and Karimi, A., 2005, “Exploring the Engineering Profession-A Freshman Engineering Course,” ASEE 2004-1793, Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Annual Conference, June 12-15. Portland, Oregon.9. Karimi, A., 2002, “Does Problem Solving Recitation Session Improve Student Retention and Success?,” ASEE 2002-2793, ASEE Annual Conference, June 16-19, Montréal, Quebec Canada.10. Karimi, A., 2001, “Implementing a New Mechanical Engineering Curriculum to Improve Student Retention,” ASEE 2001-1566, ASEE Annual Conference, June 24-27, Albuquerque, New Mexico.11. Karimi, A., Bench, S., and Hodges, Susan, 2001, “Improving Engineering Student Retention in an Urban University,” Annual Meeting of the Gulf-Southwest

Conference Session

Assessing Social Responsibility & Sustainability

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan E Canney PE, Seattle University; Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Mikhail Russu

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

. Additional funding for undergraduate research was provided by the 2014 Seattle UniversityFr. Woods Fellowship Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation.Bibliography1 National Academy of Engineering, Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century, Washington DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.2 ABET, "Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs Effective for Evaluation During the 2009-2010 Accredidation Cycle," ABET Engineering Accreditation Commission, 2008.3 American Society for Civil Engineering, "Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century

Collection

2013 Public Policy Colloquium

Authors

Mike Molnar

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Sean Tavares; Shawn Banker; Christopher LeBlanc; Jonathan Ferguson

thispaper would not have been possible:Nancy A. Cherim, Analytical Instrumentation Scientist (SEM), UNH University InstrumentationCenterMark A. Townley, Ph.D., Analytical Instrumentation Scientist, UNH University InstrumentationCenterJohn S. Wilderman, Manager, UNH University Instrumentation CenterBenjamin T. Wood, Bachelor of Science, UNH Engineering Technology ProgramReferences 1. 2017-2018 Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Technology Programs, ABET, Baltimore MD, 2017. 2. Autodesk ReCap, Autodesk 2018. Accessed at https://www.autodesk.com/products/recap/overview, September 1, 2018. 3. Compucentric Stage, TESCAN Corp., Accessed at https://www.tescan.com/en- us/technology/accessories/compucentric-stage, Accessed

Collection

2018 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Colby Ryan; Alexis Crandall; Mitch Martinez; David Kennedy; Kristian Ecolango; Jay Porter; Joseph Morgan

undergraduate education asproduct and systems development through sponsorship of well as other industry segments such as oil & gas.Capstone project(s). Although the specific industry 2.2 Schneider Electric Building Simulatorsegment can vary widely, a number of recent partnerships Another example of a sponsored Capstone projecthave been formed to pursue opportunities in the area of was the HVAC Building simulator funded by Schneiderspace-based products and systems. Electric. Schneider Electric is a company that specializes in Small companies such a Texas Space Technology building automation and control products and services. TheApplications and Research (T

Conference Session

Factors Affecting Minority Engineering Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leo McAfee, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

2004.WIMS LSAMP REU Ancillary ComponentsAncillary activities to enrich the REU experience consists of tours of laboratories, museumvisit(s), social/camaraderie activities, and REU group meetings.Social opportunities and events are arranged for WIMS LSAMP REU students to interactwith students in other related programs and to build a larger community of undergraduate Page 12.729.8research scholars. At UM, LSAMP REU students have research interactions with otherundergraduates in another WIMS Undergraduate Research (WUGR) program for UMstudents, and they share housing and personal social activities with WUGR students, as wellas National Nanotechnology

Conference Session

Special programs and activities for minorities in engineering

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Stroot, University of South Florida; Bernard Batson, University of South Florida; BK Robertson, Alabama State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Howard Evans, National University; Shekar Viswanathan, National University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

., “Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response”, JAMA. 2002; 287:898-900. 7. The White House Report, “The National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets”, February (2003). 8. Moehle, J.P. (editor). Preliminary Report on the Seismological and Engineering Aspects of the January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, Report No. UCB/EERC 94.01, University of California-Berkeley, January 1994. 9. Viswanathan, S., Eria, L., Diunugala, N., Johnson, J and McClean, C., “An Analysis of Effects of San Diego Wildfire on Ambient Air Quality”, Air and Waste Management Journal, 56:56-67 (2005

Conference Session

Electromechanical Capstone and Design Projects in ET

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Everly, University of Cincinnati; Laura Wilson, University Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

and Informing Instruction”, International J of Science Education, 28.[8] Hawkins, S., M.B. Coney, and K. Bystrom (1996): “Incidental Writing in the Engineering Classroom”, J Engineering Education, 85.[9] ECET Students. (2006). Pressure Sensor Project Survey,Topics of Applied Design Lecture at the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.[10]Kolikant, Y.B.D, D.W. Gatchell, P.L Hirsch, & R.A. Linsenmeier. (2006). “A Cognitive-Apprenticeship- Inspired Instructional Approach for Teaching Scientific Writing and Reading,” J of College Science Teaching, 36.3. Page 12.1597.20

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Eschenbach, Humboldt State University; Jami Montgomery, WATERS Network - CLEANER Project Office; James Johnson, Howard University; Chris Brus, University of Iowa; Dan Giammar, Washington University; Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Bette Grauer, McPherson High School; Liesl Hotaling, Stevens Institute of Technology; Gbekeloluwa Oguntimein, Morgan State University; Steven Safferman; Tim Wentling, National Center for Supercomputing Applications

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Development. In addition, she has developed numerous tools to mentor young women considering engineering as a career and has been involved in the development of a women in engineering role model book for K-12 students.Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology PATRICIA A. CARLSON is professor of rhetoric at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. She is a long-time advocate of writing in engineering education. Carlson has been a National Research Council Senior Fellow for the U. S. Air Force, as well as having had several research fellowships with NASA (Langley and Goddard) and the Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground. She has also been a research fellow at NASA's Classroom

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curriculum Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blair McDonald, SUU Integrated Engineering; William Pratt, SUU Integrated Engineering; Nicholas Winowich, SUU Integrated Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Obsolete?, in ASMENews. 2003.3. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, I., A Vision of the Future of Mechanical Engineering Education. 2004, ASME.4. Beeckmans, J.M., Viewpoint: General Practice Engineering. International Journal of Engineering Education, 1996. 12(6): p. 396-400.5. Caldwell, S.R., Educating the Engineer of the Future. 2006, ASCE: Dallas, Tx.6. Nelson, J. and S. Napper. Ramping Up an Integrated Egineering Curriculum to Full Implementation. in 29th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference. 1999. San Juan, Puerto Rico: IEEE. Page 12.908.15

Conference Session

Meeting ABET Requirements

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Biney, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Table 5 Meeting Task Assignment and Deliverables Use this table to document task assigned and deliverables completed/submitted by each group member at this meeting If deliverables were not completed, indicate the actions taken by the group on this individual. Deliverables completed & Actions taken by Name Task Assigned to team submitted from tasks group on non- members at this meeting assigned in previous performing meeting(s) memberThe Assessment Process for ABET OutcomesIn the advent of EC 2000, several

Conference Session

Our Future in Manufacturing

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Wosczyna-Birch, CT College of Technology; Lauren Kaufman, CT Business and Industry Association; Mary deManbey, CT Business and Industry Association; Kerry Simoneau, CT College of Technology's Regional Center for Next Generation Manufacturng

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Dickinson andCompany (BD Medical-Medical Surgical Systems); Otis Elevator; Pratt and Whitney/ UnitedTechnologies; and Producto and Moore Tool Company. The DVD also included interviews withindustry CEOs; the Community College Chancellor; deans; faculty and students from the CTCommunity Colleges and COT 4-year partner institutions. The DVD was designed in 5 to 8minute sections. This allowed educators the flexibility to view particular segment(s) withouthaving to watch the entire DVD. The DVD was distributed statewide and nationally and wasvideo streamed on the COT RCNGM website (www.nextgenmfg.org)Another statewide initiative was an ad that highlighted a Hispanic, female COT EngineeringTechnology alumnus from Norwalk CC who completed her A.S. degree

Conference Session

Redefining the Boundaries of Engineering and Liberal Education: Contributions to the Year of Dialogue

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Grimson, Dublin Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

Thought to Thing. Harvard University Press12. Johnston S. (1996), http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v1_n3n4/Johnston.html13. Bucciarelli L. (2003), Engineering Philosophy. Delft University Press.14. The Royal Academy of Engineering: Ingenia, March 2006, Issue 26 Page 12.1453.14

Conference Session

Design in the ECE Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Huettel, Duke University; Kip Coonley, Duke University; Michael Gustafson, Duke University; Jungsang Kim, Duke University; Gary Ybarra, Duke University; Leslie Collins, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

time, students have a theoretical understanding of the operation of these gates, havingderived truth tables in lecture. In this activity, students wire up pushbuttons to the input(s) ofeach gate and connect the output of the gate to an LED. Stepping through all possible inputcombinations, the truth table for each gate is verified. This not only reinforces the theoreticalconcepts, especially for those students who have a more sensory, active learning style, butintroduces students to wiring and illustrates how a simple device such as an LED can be veryuseful in verifying circuit operation and in debugging a circuit.In order to complete the Exploration component of this laboratory exercise (a scrolling 7-segment display), students must be able to

Conference Session

Patenting & IP Issues for Commercializing University-Developed Technology and Launching Innovative Technical Entrepreneurship Ventures in Universities

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Baker, Michigan Technological University; Mary Raber, Michigan Technological University; Richard Berkey, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

unique to Michigan Tech’sapproach. Key responsibilities of these positions include: identification of projects ofappropriate scope, cost and duration, management of sponsor expectations related to projectoutcomes and deliverables, and overall management of sponsor relationships. Furthermore,these positions are organizationally housed within academic unit(s), as opposed to reportingdirectly through the University’s development or corporate relations offices. This structuremaintains the emphasis on Senior Design and Enterprise as educational programs, and allows thestaff to objectively address the needs and interests of the University, the students, and the projectsponsor. Moreover, Michigan Tech faculty can focus their efforts on the activities

Conference Session

Engineering in High Schools

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Merrill, Illinois State University; Rodney Custer, Illinois State University; Jenny Daugherty, University of Illinois,-Urbana-Champaign; Martin Westrick, University of Illinois,-Urbana-Champaign; Yong Zeng, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

designers. In T. Hewett & T. Kavanagh(Eds.), Creativity and cognition. New York: ACM Press.13 ----- (2004). Expertise in design: An overview. Design Studies, 25(5), 427-441.14 Middleton, H. (2005). Creative thinking, values and design and technology education. International Journal ofTechnology and Design Education, 15, 61-71.15 Ho, C.-H. (2001). Some phenomena of problem decomposition strategy for design thinking: Differences betweennovices and experts. Design Studies, 22, 27-45.16 Ertas, A. & Jones, J. C. (1993) The engineering design process. (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.17 Arora, J. S. (1989). Introduction to optimum design. New York: McGraw-Hill.18 Statnikov, R. B. (1999). Multicriteria design: Optimization

Conference Session

Trends in Construction Engineering II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gunnar Lucko, Catholic University of America; Michael Madden, United Space Alliance; Justin Molineaux, Catholic University of America

Tagged Divisions

Construction

, W. C. (2004). Construction project planning and scheduling. Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.10. Mubarak, S. (2005). Construction project scheduling and control. Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.11. Feigenbaum, L. H. (2002). Construction scheduling with Primavera Project Planner®. 2nd ed., Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.12. Hegazy, T. (2002). Computer-based construction project management. Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.13. Buttelwerth, J. W. (2005). Computer integrated construction project scheduling. Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.14. Lucko, G. (2005). “Reviving a mechanistic

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mason Webster, Brigham Young University; Daniel Korth; Owen Carlson, Brigham Young University; C. Greg Jensen, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Todd, R. and Magelby, S. “Creating Successful Capstone Programs by Considering the Needs of Stakeholders” Journal of Engineering Education, 19934. Kirschman, J. and Greenstein, J. “The use of groupware for collaboration in distributed student engineering design teams,” Journal of Engineering Education, Oct 20025. Latcha, M. and Oakley, B. “Toying with a capstone design course,” Journal of Engineering Education, Oct 20016. Hargreaves, D.J., "Addressing Transition to Tertiary Education in Engineering," European Journal of Engineering Education, 1998, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 79-89.7. Hansen, J. and Andersen, A., “Engineers of Tomorrow and Beyond: Knowledge, Insight and Skills Needed to Work Across Borders”, Proceedings of

Conference Session

Sustainability & Environmental Issues

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Richter, Virginia Tech; Sean McGinnis, Virginia Tech; Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

9 10 s ts ut pu np ut -i

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for International Practice

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Reese, Mississippi State University; Allen Greenwood, Mississippi State University; Mary Emplaincourt, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2007-1351: A PORTFOLIO OF STUDY ABROAD OPTIONS FORENGINEERING STUDENTS TO GAIN INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCEDonna Reese, Mississippi State University Donna S. Reese. Professor Reese is currently the Associate Dean for Academics and Administration for the James Worth Bagley College of Engineering at Mississippi State University and a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering. She has been on the faculty at MSU for 17 years. She may be reached via email at dreese@engr.msstate.edu.Allen Greenwood, Mississippi State University Allen G. Greenwood. Dr. Greenwood is a Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering and Hearin Eminent Scholar. He is also the International Programs Coordinator for the

Conference Session

Learning from Entrepreneurship Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Thornton, University of Maryland; Jacqueline Rogers, University of Maryland (Retired); Nathan Myers, University of Maryland; Monica Neukomm, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to ME Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jakob Bruhl, United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky; Elizabeth Bristow, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

ground.Bibliography1 Klosky, J.L. and M. Klosky. 2006. “The Internet Communications Tsunami – It’s Not Coming, It’s Here.” Means,Methods and Trends, the on-line journal of ASCE’s Construction Institute. Spring, 2006.2 Prensky, M. (2001) “Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants (from On the Horizon)”. NCB University Press 9(5).3 Ibid4 Rainey, L., (2006) “Digital Natives: How today’s youth are different from their ‘digital immigrant’ elders and whatthat means for libraries”, Presentation to Metro-NY Library Council, Brooklyn Museum of Art5 Levin, D. and Arafeh, S., (2007) “The Digital Disconnect: The Widening Gap Between Internet-Savvy Studentsand Their Schools”, Pew Internet and American Life Project.6 Ibid7 Lenhart, A. and Madden, M., (2005) “Teen Content

Conference Session

Mechanics Education Programs and Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cliff Lissenden, Pennsylvania State University; Nicholas Salamon, Pennsylvania State University; Andrew Miller, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

sheet. It is recommended that the project assignment sheet(s) be used as a cover. The report must include inorder the following ten sections; some sections include subsections.1. Project Drawings, Parts List and Bill of Materials (15%). These summarize and communicate your design and must be sufficient to fabricate the design. Drawings must be roughly to scale and must include (1) a rendering of your design, (2) an isometric assembly with components ‘called-out’ and correlated by number or part name with the parts list, (3) details to clarify component connections and joints and (4) other details as necessary. Use professional conventions. Include all dimensions. Do not draw details of standard ‘off-the- shelf’ hardware

Conference Session

Technical Capacity Bldg for Developing Countries & Service Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Jordan, Baylor University; Glenn Blalock, Baylor University; Walter Bradley, Baylor University; Cynthia Fry, Baylor University; Anne Grinols, Baylor University; Brian Thomas, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

International

Learning in Engineering, Vol 2, No. 1, pp. 16-31, Spring 2007.3 Jordan, W., Ballard, B., Morton, A., Sanders, B., and Wakefield, J.K., Implementing a Service LearningEngineering Project in East Africa, presented at the Gulf Southwest Regional Meeting of A.S.E.E., South PadreIsland, TX, March 2007. In CD based Proceedings (no page numbers).4 Jordan, W., Parker, H., Eppink, J., Hemmen, S., McGhee, R., and Eberhardt, M., Building Bridges for a BetterFuture: “Bridging the Gap”, presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Scientific Affiliation, Edinburgh,U.K., August 2007.5 Creed, Christopher J., Suuberg, Eric M., Crawford, Gregory P., Journal of Engineering Education, v 91, n 2, April,2002, p 185-195.6 Gallogly, Vincent, “Utilizing engineering

Conference Session

Best of the NEE

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Page 13.349.921 This author has requested anonymity.Proceedings of the 2008 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition 8Copyright  2008, American Society for Engineering Education students are pretty much done at the end of class time. It also forces me to really focus on what I 22 want to test them over without asking redundant questions.If you solve an exam ahead of time, you can also pass out solutions to students as theyleave. Wayne Wells23 tells of one instructor who did this: [A]s each student completed the work and turned it in, she handed them a copy of the solutions with the rule

Conference Session

Innovative Programs - Structure, Delivery, Evaluation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dirk Schaefer, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tristan Utschig, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

faculty, documentation of professional development activities, or other teaching related items. ‚ Is participation compulsory or voluntarily? Participation requirements vary widely. ‚ Who is/are the target group(s)? While some countries focus on professional development for junior faculty, others address all those teaching in technical, engineering-related domains. ‚ What is the professional development program duration? There may be multiple sequential levels of professional development activities and/or achievement, and programs vary from short courses to continuous development. ‚ What is the professional development

Conference Session

Assessment Issues in Environmental Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Bower, The Citadel; William Davis, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

written in s fashion that relates the objective is a specific and measurable fashion. This section of the paper investigates how the learning objectives relate to the published course goals. Tables 5, 6, and 7 are matrix tabulations of the learning objectives provided mapped to Page 13.333.11 the corresponding course objective at the appropriate level of Bloom’s Taxonomy. The

Conference Session

Faculty Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Lisa Brooks, Texas A&M University; Christine Ehlig-Economides, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

and educational model to strengthen a radar curriculum forbroad distribution. Advances in Engineering Education, 1(1), 1-2311- Nathan, M. J., & Petrosino, A. (2003). Expert blind spot among preservice teachers.American Educational Research Journal, 40(4), 905-928.12- Merriam, B. S. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco,CA: Jossey-Bass.13- Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures andtechniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.14- Posner, G. J., Strike, K. A., Hewson, P. W., & Gertzog, W. A. (1982). Accommodation of a scientificconception: Toward a theory of conceptual change. Science Education, 66, 211-227