Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Hugh Jack

course on hard drive. Lesson Learned: The Internet is not reliable, have alternate solutions. SVGA to NTSC convener arrived - tried in class, very poor with high resolution graphics. Went back to data projector. Other problems, cables too short, and s-video connector only on ceiling mounted projector. Good rule of thumb, count on a loss of 50% of resolution, and avoid thin lines.Oct., 7 - tried using the SVGA converter in class again, very poor appearance, but as okay with larger fonts, but the unit seemed to shut down after a few minutes.Oct., 11 Had classes, and then working model contest at the end. This seems to have set a tire in some students. Most were impressed. In general the interest level

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Blekhman; Jason Keith; Ahmad Sleiti; Eileen Cashman; Peter Lehman; Richard Engel; Michael Mann; Hossein Salehfar

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Conference Session

Student Learning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maya Trotz, University of South Florida; Ken Thomas, University of South Florida; Jeffrey Cunningham, University of South Florida; Qiong Zhang, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference, VolumeI, 10-13 Oct., pp T3A: 25-30. Page 15.705.127. Gruber, S.; Larson, D.; Scott, D. and Melvin, N. (1999). Writing4Practice inEngineering Courses: Implementation and Assessment Approaches. TechnicalCommunication Quarterly 8(4):419-440.Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.8. Flateby, T. (2008). Personal Communication (Dr. Flateby is a CLAWQA developerand Director of Assessment at University of South Florida). Page 15.705.13

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Summer Dann Johnson, Louisiana State University; Warren Waggenspack, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; John Scalzo, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Kelly Rusch, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Gerald Knapp, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Roger Seals, Louisiana State University

expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation.References 1. Brown, Shane (2005). “Student Social Capital and Retention in the College of Engineering”, Proceedings, American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition. 2. Downs, C.( 2006) “What should make up a final mark for a course? An investigation into the academic performance of first year Bioscience students,” Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , Vol 31, No. 3, pp.345-364. 3. Huitt & Hummel (2003). “Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development”, Educational Psychology Interactive, Valdosta State University, http://chiron.valdosta.edu

Conference Session

Retaining Women Engineering Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Stephanie Jaros, University of Washington; Suzanne Brainard, University of Washington; Susan Metz, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Conference Session

Program Development and Pipelines for Recruitment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandy Feola, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

knowwhat school has a manufacturing program, they don’t know where to start – schoolprograms can have different names, but offer the same variety of courses.Schools that are added into the careerME.org database can have multiple linksspecifically entered to take the student directly to their educational programs. When thestudent enters a school name or search term(s), the results list will present the link thatgoes directly to the school’s education programs – no need to navigate within a school’swebsite hierarchy to figure out how to get there. When school programs are added to thedatabase, professors are encouraged to contribute to the data, having the ability torecommend content beyond what they are able to add to their own school’s

Conference Session

Measurement Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dina Banerjee, Purdue University; Alice Pawley, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

; transnational feminism and globalization; and sociology of developing nations. In her doctoral dissertation she has examined the effects of sex-segregation and racial/ethnic segregation on the job-related well-being of women workers in U.S.A. She is also associated with the Women’s Studies Program at Purdue University. Before coming to the U.S. as a graduate student, she worked as a lecturer in the University of Calcutta (Kolkata, India) teaching courses on gender, industry and labor market; gender and social change; women and development; and sociological theories and methods. Address: Discovery Learning Research Center, Suite 228, 207 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, 1-765-494

Conference Session

Historical Perspectives for Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice Pawley, Purdue University; Karen Tonso, Wayne State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

. Jul 4 1971. “YY Goes From Planes to Plant.” Pp. 2F in The Nashville Tennessean. Accession 1539 Folder 183.33, Society of Women Engineers National Records Collection, Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University38. Weinstein, Harriette S. Oct 5 1958. “‘Mr.’ Ruth Wilson Engineers Job.” Atlanta, GA. Accession 1539 Folder 183.18, Society of Women Engineers National Records Collection, Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University39. Committee on Public Understanding of Engineering Messages, National Academy of Engineering. 2008. “Changing the Page 15.1392.11 Conversation: Messages for Improving Public

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Parikh, Stanford University; Helen Chen, Stanford University; Kenneth Goodson, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Olds, Mary A. Nelson. What Conceptual Models Do Engineering Students Use to Describe Momentum Transfer and Heat Conduction? in Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association. 2003. Chicago, IL.12. Dewey, J., Interest and Effort in Education. Riverside Educational Monographs, ed. H. Suzzallo. 1913, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.13. Meyers, C., Promoting active learning: Strategies for the college classroom. 1st ed. 1993, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.14. Bjorklunc, S., Norman Fortenberry, Measuring Student and Faculty Engagement in Engineering Education. 2005, Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education, National Academy of Engineering

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical Power Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Edwards, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; Gerald Recktenwald, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

0633754. Anyopinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those ofthe author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Page 15.37.11Bibliography:1. G. Recktenwald, R.C. Edwards, “Using Simple Experiments to Teach Core Concepts in the Thermal and Fluid Sciences,” Proceedings of the 2007 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 2007.2. G. Recktenwald, R.C. Edwards, R.C. Howe, J. Faulkner, “A Simple Experiment to Expose Misconceptions About the Bernoulli Equation,” Proceedings, IMECE 2009, 2009 ASME

Conference Session

BME Course and Curriculum Development

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Aston, East Tennessee State University; William H. Blanton, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Reseachers Figure 9. small, especially for advancedcourses, and so self-publishing seems appropriate. For 50 years or more teachers haveself-published text material. In one of the author’s experience in 1960 one of his professors didan entire undergraduate service course in engineering on “dittos”, with hand writing, typing andhand sketches. The advent of the Xerox machine in the 60’s made it possible to incorporate partsof printed text material, especially figures, graphs and tables, and university reproduction centerscould use offset printing to provide alternative text material. Now Modern computer-generateddocuments using a word

Conference Session

Assessment of K-12 Engineering Programs & Issues

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devlin Montfort, Washington State University; Shane Brown, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Pittsburg, PA.3. Jocuns, A., et al. Student's Changing Images of Engineers and Engineering. in American Society for Engineering Education. 2008. Pittsburg, PA.4. Bransford, J.D., A.L. Brown, and R.R. Cocking, eds. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience and School. ed. N.R. Council. 2000, National Academy Press: Washington.5. Bruner, J.S., The Process of Education. 1960, Boston: Vintage Books.6. Margolis, E. and S. Laurence, eds. Concepts: Core readings. 1999, the MIT Press: Cambridge.7. Murphy, G.L., The Big Book of Concepts. 2002, Cambrigde, MA: the MIT Press.8. Posner, G.J., et al., Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change. Science Education, 1982. 66(2): p. 211-227.9. Strike, K.A

Conference Session

Curriculum in Mechanical Engineering Technology: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Durfee, Eastern Washington University; Hani Saad, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

; Hoagland, K. E. (1999). How to get started in research (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Council on Undergraduate Research.7. Karukstis, K. (2006). A council on undergraduate research workshop initiative to establish, enhance, and institutionalize undergraduate research. Journal of Chemical Education, 83, 1744-1745.8. Malachowski, M. (1997, June). Not all research is equal: Student-oriented vs. research-oriented approaches to scholarship. Council on Undergraduate Research Quarterly, 182-185.9. Regalado, S. New EWU Building Makes History. . .21st Century Style, Inland Northwest Catalyst magazine, Dec/Jan 2006, 34-38

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering - Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya Ennis, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jana Milford, University of Colorado, Boulder; Beth Myers, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jacquelyn Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder; Diane Sieber, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Ann Scarritt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

, Underrepresented Minorities in Engineering: A Data-Based Look at Diversity: http://www.nacme.org/user/docs/NACME%2008%20ResearchReport.pdf2. Ohland, M. W., S. D. Sheppard, G. Lichtenstein, O. Eris, D. Chachra, R. A. Layton. (2008) Persistence, Engagement, and Migration in Engineering Programs. Journal of Engineering Education. 97: 259–78.3. Chen et al. (2007) From PIE to APPLES: The Evolution of a Survey Instrument to Explore Engineering Student Pathways

Conference Session

Issues and Solutions in Mathematics Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Grossfield, Vaughn College of Aeronautics

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

enabled the solutions of differential equations but also raisedmany perplexing and wonderful problems. Over the next century, the finest mathematiciansexplored these problems. Dirichlet, Cauchy, Cantor, Riemann, Weierstrass and others, in theirstudy of continuity and convergence of series, invented ingenious, counterintuitivecounterexamples and produced analytical techniques which culminated in Lebesgue’smagnificent theory of integration about 1906.During the 1700’s, developments in mathematical theory were dominated by Leonhard Euler.Euler had more mathematical insight, made more mathematical discoveries and had moremathematical fun than anyone else either before or since except maybe Erdos. However, theviews of Euler on the nature of

Conference Session

Historical Perspectives for Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Slaton, Drexel University; Mary Ebeling, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

. Kraft, "Manpower Planning and Its Role in the Age of Automation." Review ofEducational Research 40, no. 4 (1970), p. 497.16 Amy E. Slaton, Race, Rigor and Selectivity in U..S Engineering: The History of an Occupational Color-Line(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010).17 John F. Grede, "Collective Comprehensiveness: A Proposal for a Big City Community College." Journal ofHigher Education 41, no. 3 (1970), p. 192; and Arthur B. Shostak, "Old Problems and New Agencies: How MuchChange?" In Power, Poverty, and Urban Policy, edited by Warner Bloomberg Jr. and Henry J. Schmandt (BeverlyHills: Sage Publications, 1968), p. 104.18 Delaware County Community College, Nanofabrication Manufacturing Technology, Associate in Applied

Conference Session

Fulfilling the CE BOK2 - Case Studies

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brett Gunnink, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Achievement Subcommittee of CAP^3. 2005. Levels of Achievement Applicable to the Body of Knowledge Required for Entry Into the Practice of Civil Engineering at the Professional Level, Reston, VA, September. (http://www.asce.org/raisethebar)4. Bloom. B. S., Englehart, M. D., Furst. E. J., Hill, W. H., and Krathwohl, D. 1956. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, the Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. David McKay, New York, NY.5. Fridley, K.J., et al., 2009. “Educating the Future Civil Engineering for the New Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge,” Proceeding of the 2009 ASEE Annual Conference, June 2009, Austin, TX

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Don E. Malzahn, Wichita State University; Lawrence E. Whitman, Wichita State University; Zulma Toro-Ramos, Wichita State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

; !"% !"$ !"# ! #"' $"! $"' %"! %"' &"! &"' '"! '"' !"#$%$#&'()24056) *2/".7$8&.$/"*)89):1173 Figure 5. Individual impact on group consensus compared to peer perceptions of contribution.Developing and delivering the course required the collaboration of a group of individualcontributors (including students) and has been a positive experience for all. Generally theobjectives of the course have been achieved but analysis of the assessments indicates that thereare deeper issues that should be addressed as engineering students move to professional practice.References1. Crawford, Andrew S. (1998). “Leadership education at the University of Michigan

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula in ECE I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Bedrich Benes, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Modeling to Simulate and Visualize Urban Areas and byan Adobe Inc. grants Constrained Procedural Modeling.References:1. Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (1997). Understanding by Design: Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision andCurriculum Development.2. NVIDIA. (2010). Developer Zone. Retrieved December 20, 2010, fromhttp://developer.nvidia.com/page/cg_main.html3. Kirk, D., & Wen-mei, W. (2010). Programming massively parallel processors: A Hands-on approach: MorganKaufmann Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, USA.4. Sanders, J., & Kandrot, E. (2010). CUDA by Example: An Introduction to General-Purpose GPU Programming:Addison-Wesley Professional.5. Tsuchiyama, R., Nakamura, T., Iizuka, T., Asahara, A., & Miki, S. (2010). The OpenCL

Conference Session

Computer Science and Information Technology in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura E. LeMire, Community College of Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

results, and maintain a record of teacher participation forContinuing Education credit. PLTW teachers signing up for a class first register via a dynamicweb-based interface and database to collect background information on their PLTW training,including the location of the STI attended, when they were trained, and the number of times theytaught a related PLTW course (if at all). The information is downloaded to an excel spreadsheetand required “student” information is manually entered into CCBC’s system. Following a set ofdetailed instructions, teachers are then able to obtain their student ID and password in order toaccess the course(s) for which they registered. The MTT instructs their counterparts from the Affiliate Universities in the

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering in Silico

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Ben Uriel Sherrett, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Issues Part One

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David H. Jonassen, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

). Preface. In F. Voss, D. N. Perkins & Segal (Eds.), Informal reasoning in education. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 13. Nussbaum, E. M., & Schraw, G. (2007). Promoting argument-counterargument integration in students' writing. The Journal of Experimental Education, 76(1), 59-92. 14. Schworm, S., & Renkl, A. (2007). Learning argumentation skills through the use of prompts for self-explaining examples. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(2), 285-296. 15. Ross, B.H., & Spalding, T.L. (1994). Concepts and categories. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), Thinking and problem solving (pp. 119-148). New York: Academic Press. 16. Wittrock, M. (1990). Generative processes of comprehension. Educational

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Upperclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randy Lewis, Brigham Young University; Thomas Knotts, Brigham Young University; W. Vincent Wilding, Brigham Young University; William Pitt, Brigham Young University; Morris Argyle, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

competencies. Second, it provides feedback to our program on specificcompetencies and areas where our students may be weak. This feedback provides motivation forcurricular and/or pedagogical modifications needed to address the problem(s). Third, the examemphasizes the importance of the Level-3 competencies to our students and faculty. Students arekeenly aware that retention of knowledge and skills in the core areas is a requirement forgraduation in addition to simply completing required course work. Faculty awareness of theneed to help students learn fundamental concepts is also heightened.Table 2 shows the 18 Level-3 competencies assessed by the exam. As previously stated, the firstnumber of the competency corresponds to a Program Outcome. As shown

Conference Session

Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Reeves, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Julia Ross, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Taryn Bayles, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference & Exposition (2009). 4. Zarske, Malinda S., Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, Lawrence E. Carlson, and Janet L. Yowell. "Teachers Teaching Teachers: Linking K-12 Engineering Curricula with Teacher Professional Development." American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition (2004). 5. Minstrell, J. (1989). Teaching science for understanding. In L. Resnick and L. Klopfer (Eds.) Toward the thinking curriculum: Current cognitive research (pp. 129-149). 1989 Yearbook of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. 6. Perkins, D. N. (1993). Teaching for understanding. American Educator, Fall, 28-35 7. Crawford, B. A. (2000). Embracing the essence of inquiry: New

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Homolka, Kansas State University, Salina; Greg Stephens, Kansas State University, Salina

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Page 15.107.11classes (Introduction to Business and Supervisory Management) during the 2008 fall semesterrepeated in the fall 2009 semester indicate that students at K-State in Salina like stories as apedagogical tool. The poll asked students to rank ten different presentation/learning methodsutilized in class based on the student’s order of importance. Ten different teaching tools werelisted on a single page and here is how students ranked the items: 1. Class Discussion 2. Stories Ranked #2 3. Class Lectures 4. PowerPoint 5. Handouts 6. Group Projects 7. Videos/DVD’s 8. Textbook(s) 9. KSU Online (Classroom program like Blackboard, WebCt, etc) 10. Homework.Business

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Underclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Valerie Young, Ohio University-Athens

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

enrollment in anEngineering Freshman Learning Community is 14/20 (70%), compared to an actual EFLCenrollment rate of 61%. The electronic survey covered Supplemental Instruction and Peer-LedTeam Learning for General Chemistry I, Pre-Calculus and Calculus I. Enrollment data (Table I)indicate that about 2/3 of Fall quarter freshmen should be enrolled in either Pre-Calculus orCalculus I, and at most 1/20 should be without a Fall math class. On the survey, 1/22respondents stated that (s)he did not take math in Fall, which is consistent with enrollment data.An additional 3/22 students did not identify a math instructor; two of those answered noquestions beyond those about the EFLC, suggesting that they simply stopped participating in thesurvey. It is thus

Conference Session

Design in BME Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Kennedy, Bucknell University; Donna Ebenstein, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Page 15.482.14Bibliography1. Lai-Yuen S, Reeves K (2009) Active-learning experiences on medical devices for manufacturing and newproduct development. American Society for Engineering Education AC 2009-1549.2. Tranquillo J, Cavanagh C (2009) Preparing students for senior design with a rapid design challenge. AmericanSociety for Engineering Education AC 2009-1917.3. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2009) Y14.5: Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing.4. US Food and Drug Administration. Use of International Standard ISO-10993, ‘Biological Evaluation ofMedical Devices Part 1: Evaluation and Testing’ <> Last accessed March 11, 2010.5. International Organization for Standardization (2009) ISO-10993 Biological Evaluation of Medical

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks - Session I

Collection

2015 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Renetta G. Tull, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Maria Nandadevi Cortes-Rodriguez, ​ Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics National Zoological Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity, International Forum

for STEM graduate programs, and presented the information in Panama.The information was well-received and the PROMISE AGEP was invited to continue toreplicate their U.S.-based student development model to contribute content to programming forstudents at LACCEI in subsequent years.Table 1. Seminars, workshops and panels geared toward undergraduate and graduate studentaudiences, where students and faculty from UMBC have developed international collaborations. Year Location Event Speaker(s) 2011 UMBC Workshop: Preparing for Panel of UMBC faculty Global Leadership: and students from different Cultural

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks - Session I

Collection

2015 ASEE International Forum

Authors

ZhongLi FU, Center for National Security and Strategic Studies (CNSSS) In National University of Defense Technology (NUDT).; Huang Zhang, National University of Defense Technology; Lini ZHOU, Center for National Security and Strategic Studies, National University of Defense Technology; Tong Wu, Center for National Security and Strategic Studies, National University of Defense Technology; Zhao Zhao, National University of Defense Technology; Changfang Zhang, National University of Defense Technology

Tagged Topics

International Forum

Page 19.38.15American Society for EngineeringEducation,Atlanta,GA.http://www.asee.org/public/conferences/27/papers/8365/view2 National Science Foundation. (1995). Restructuring engineering education: A focus on change.Division of Undergraduate Education, Directorate for Education and Human Resources.3 Almgren, R. (2008). Perspectives from industry. Journal of Engineering Education, 97(3), p.241-244.4 Grasso, D. &Martinelli, D. (2007). Holistic engineering. The Chronicle of Higher Education,53(28),B8.5 Sheppard, S. D., Macatangay, K., Colby, A., & Sullivan, W. M. (2009). Educating engineers. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass.6 Tryggvason, G. &Apelian, D. (2006). Re -engineering engineering education for the challenges of the21st

Conference Session

Track 3 - Session I - Faculty Development

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Dirk Schaefer P.E., Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Invited - Faculty Development

may be nationwide, international, or locally controlled.  How is the professional development program implemented at the local level? – Internal or external personnel may coordinate, deliver, and document professional development activities. Mentors may or may not be used or required.  How is the professional development program included in accreditation? – Accreditation may require teaching certification for all or some faculty, documentation of professional development activities, or other teaching related items.  Is participation compulsory or voluntarily? – Participation requirements vary widely.  Who is/are the target group(s)? – While some countries focus on professional development for