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Displaying results 35611 - 35640 of 50714 in total
Conference Session
Writing and Technical Communications
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of California, Santa Cruz; William Charles Sobolewski, University of California, Santa Cruz
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
forstudents to hone a valuable writing skill.In this work-in-progress, we provide a novel approach for guiding students to effectively revisetheir writing assignments. The novelty of our work is twofold: (1) using grading rubrics on roughdrafts to help students target specific areas of improvement, and (2) providing extensivescaffolding of the revision process.Course Overview: Technical Writing for Biomolecular EngineersWe piloted our approach in a class of 35 undergraduates (juniors and seniors) in a technicalcommunication course required for all students in our major.The learning objectives of the course include: 1) Implement successful communication strategies based on audience, purpose, and context. 2) Integrate text and visuals to convey
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 11
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Matilde Luz Sanchez-Pena, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Muhammad Ali Sajjad, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
levels of stigma of Mental HealthConditions (MHCs). Large scale interventions have shown the positive effect of campusinitiatives and the availability of resources for mental health in reducing stigma among collegestudents. However, research has shown that engineering students tend to have lower proclivity toseek help for their MHCs when needed. Stigma of MHCs is known to negatively influence helpseeking attitudes. Reducing stigma through exposure and contact has the potential to enhancehelp seeking. Through the use of established instruments we collected stigma, contact andawareness measures in a survey (n=1,151) and we explored the relationships between MHCsstigma and (1) Knowledge of MHCs, measured as the number and strength of relationships
Conference Session
First-Year Programs Division WIPS 2: Students and Peer Mentors
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Noe Vargas Hernandez, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Javier Ortega, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Arturo A. Fuentes, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Eleazar Marquez, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs Division (FYP)
freshman engineering students into college has emerged as acritical concern within academic circles. The freshman year serves as a foundational periodduring which students acquire essential skills and establish crucial networks with peers, faculty,and resources. However, many freshmen encounter challenges adapting to the rigors of collegelife, which can impact their academic success and overall well-being [1-9]. Recognizing thesignificance of this transition period, our project aims to address the needs of freshmanengineering students as they navigate their academic and career pathways. Engineers possessexpertise in the intricate design of innovative products, a task enriched by a robust background ineffective design, innovation, and
Conference Session
Charting Inclusivity: Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Technology in Engineering and Computing Education
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Fatima Glovena Fairfax, Duke University; Jabari Kwesi, Duke University; Elyse McFalls, Duke University; Reagan Lenora Razon, Duke University; Alexandra Thursland, Duke University; Crystal E. Peoples, Duke University; Shaundra Bryant Daily, Duke University; Alicia Nicki Washington, Duke University; Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Duke University; Brean Elizabeth Prefontaine, Duke University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity
Inductee.Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Duke UniversityBrean Elizabeth Prefontaine, Duke University Dr. Brean Prefontaine is a postdoctoral researcher at Duke University working with the Alliance for Identity-Inclusive Computing Education (AiiCE). Her research currently focuses on (1) the policies and practices impacting computer science students from marginalized identities and (2) how informal STEM environments can provide a space for students to develop a physics identity, and STEM identity more broadly. She earned her B.S. in Physics from Drexel University and her M.S. and Ph.D. in Physics from Michigan State University. Before starting at Duke, she worked for Horizon Research, Inc. as an external evaluator for STEM education
Conference Session
MECH - Technical Session 8: Sustainability and Interdisciplinary Learning
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Leah Mendelson, Harvey Mudd College; Drew Price, Harvey Mudd College
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)
Paper ID #42774Work in Progress: The Roles of Design and Fabrication in Upper-DivisionMechanical Design CoursesLeah Mendelson, Harvey Mudd College Leah Mendelson is an Associate Professor of Engineering at Harvey Mudd College.Drew Price, Harvey Mudd College Drew Price is the Machine Shop Manager at Harvey Mudd College. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Work in Progress: The Roles of Design and Fabrication in Upper-Division Mechanical Design CoursesAbstractThis work in progress (WIP) paper focuses on two aspects of upper-division undergraduatemechanical design courses: (1
Conference Session
Charting Inclusivity: Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Technology in Engineering and Computing Education
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tyrine Jamella Pangan, Tufts University; Kristen B Wendell, Tufts University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity
the study. Participation in the study consisted of consenting (viasigned consent form) to have team homework sessions audio-recorded. The course instructorswere not made aware of which students consented and which did not. Consent to participate wasgranted by 43 students, 64% of course enrollment.Table 1. Groups and Participants Group Number* Number of Students 1 4 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 5 8
Conference Session
First-Year Programs Division WIPS 3: Courses and Curricula
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Petra Bonfert-Taylor, Dartmouth College; Vicki V. May P.E., Dartmouth College
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs Division (FYP)
physicsprior to enrolling in project-based engineering courses. This pathway works well for somestudents but excludes many. Rather than serving as a gatekeeper, our integrated human-centeredengineering pathway will serve as a gateway, thus increasing retention and attraction toengineering, among all students but particularly among those currently struggling to find a placein engineering. We will furthermore develop a sense of community and professional identityamong students through a comprehensive approach that includes advising, mentoring,internships, research opportunities, outside speakers, and more.Our work is guided by four main research questions:1. Are we better able to retain students in engineering on a Human-Centered Engineering pathway?2
Conference Session
Wellness, Readiness, and Thriving
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Harly Ramsey, University of Southern California; Stephanie Nicole Bartholomew, University of Southern California
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
, and they will be analyzedfurther in future work. Overall, the preliminary data suggest that the curated video seriesresonates with students on multiple levels, including the meaningfulness of the alumni adviceand the representation of the alumni themselves. The model of a curated video series is scalableand transferrable to other types of institutions and diverse student populations.IntroductionRecent scholarship documents a “misalignment” between engineering education and engineeringpractice; despite increased attention to elements of professionalism in engineering education andadoption of problem-based learning approaches, employers still find students lacking in non-technical, professional skills [1]. Additionally, studies have shown that
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 20
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Eduardo Rodriguez Mejia M.Sc., Rowan University; Cheryl A. Bodnar, Rowan University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
Rowan University. Her research interests relate to the incorporation of active learning techniques such as game-based learning in undergraduate classes as well as innovation and entrepreneurship. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024Work in Progress: Motivational Differences Between Civil and Environmental EngineeringDoctoral Students in the Pre-writing and Writing PhasesIntroduction & BackgroundThere is a common perception among students about the difficulties associated with the dissertationwriting process. Anticipation of isolation, time management issues, and not having the technical skills towrite in a structured manner are some of the challenges that students fear[1], [2], [3]. These
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 19
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth Ann Strehl, University of Michigan; Sabrina Olson, University of Michigan; Corin L. Bowen, California State University, Los Angeles; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Michigan
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
, refine future iterations of macroethics lesson content and survey instruments, andfurther incentivize the integration of macroethical content throughout aerospace engineeringcurricula.IntroductionAerospace engineering is a dynamic field often considered to be at the forefront of technologicalinnovation. While aerospace has played a pivotal role in shaping societal progress, theseadvancements have also raised ethical concerns that engineers must consider as they navigate thediscipline. These broader ethical dilemmas (e.g Environmental impact, weaponization of space,and unequal access to aerospace technology) are multifaceted issues that require critical thinkingskills to make informed decisions [1], [2]. Despite the growing need to address these
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 5
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sarah Johnston, Arizona State University; Cody D. Jenkins, Arizona State University; Thien Ngoc Y. Ta, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Ryan James Milcarek, Arizona State University; Gary Lichtenstein, Arizona State University; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Karl A. Smith, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
), with the same group being observed for multiple weeks. Sessionexcerpts were recorded, and exchanges were coded using Bloom's revised taxonomy.Keywords - Peer instruction, Bloom’s revised taxonomy, Cooperative learning, Study groups,Observation protocol INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDThe PLSG (Peer-Led, Study Group) model has been implemented at Arizona State University(ASU) both in part and entirely within an undergraduate thermodynamics course, along withparallel research regarding student pass rates and other factors [1]. In the PLSG model, studentswork together in small groups of four to five peers to solve challenging, course-related problemsduring weekly, 50-minute recitation sessions. While a facilitator observes
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 20
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Emily Buten, University of Michigan; Jack Boomer Perry, University of Michigan; Cindy Wheaton, University of Michigan; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Michigan
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
specific project team elements or requirements.IntroductionThe benefits of experiential education are documented throughout engineering education literature.Experiential learning is connected to building professional skills that students need post-graduation [1].Professional skills, which we are defining as the non-disciplinary specific skills that are needed to doengineering work such as communication and teamwork, are important for engineering studentspost-graduation according to industry [2], [3]. Professional skills complement engineers’ technicalexpertise and increase their ability to work effectively in the workforce. While experiential learning canbe integrated into traditional engineering courses through interventions such as project-based
Conference Session
First-Year Programs Division WIPS 2: Students and Peer Mentors
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tristan Hernandez, University of Texas at El Paso; Sarah Huizar, University of Texas at El Paso; Diane Elisa Golding, University of Texas at El Paso; Peter Golding P.E., University of Texas at El Paso; Juan Jose Ochoa Jr., University of Texas at El Paso; Victor Manuel Garcia Jr., US Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs Division (FYP)
mostappropriate approaches to educating future engineers. The emerging challenges and demands inengineering fields require future professionals to have a broader skillset including technicalknowledge, professional competencies, leadership identities, and autonomy. However,engineering faculty faced major challenges trying to include alternative, yet essentialprofessional skills in their curricula, while balancing the demands for increasing technicalcontent. At the University of Texas at El Paso, the introduction of the Leadership andEngineering Education department created a strategic education environment to innovate andprepare engineering students to succeed professionally as autonomous and critically thinkingengineers and leaders [1].Introductory
Collection
2024 ASEE PSW Conference
Authors
Liya Grace Ni, Biola University; Elaine Wong, Biola University
session.Students also receive training in hard skills like Arduino programming, CAD design, and 3D printing, aswell as soft skills like writing resumes, giving presentations, SCRUM, etc. A few sample projects arelisted below: 1. Automation of a cannulation apparatus that only had manual capacities before; 2. Prototype a swim tunnel for zebrafish where water flows at a predetermined velocity for a research laboratory; 3. Literature search to compile a database of water contaminants characteristics and treatment methods and development of a user interface with recommended treatment methods for each type of contaminant; 4. Development of a mechanical model of the Windkessel effect to be used for cardiovascular education
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cassie Wallwey, Virginia Tech; Amy Kramer P.E., The Ohio State University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, The Ohio State University; Emily Dringenberg, The Ohio State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
Conference Session
Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Technical Session 12
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cassie Wallwey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Benjamin Daniel Chambers, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)
Conference Session
Faculty Development and Research Programs (NEE)
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Renee M. Desing, Oregon State University; Abigail Clark, The Ohio Northern University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, The Ohio State University; Cassie Wallwey, The Ohio State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)
futureresearch on interdisciplinary STEAM collaborations.Keywords: Interdisciplinary collaboration; Science, technology, engineering, arts, andmathematics (STEAM); case study; faculty developmentIntroduction & BackgroundResearch, particularly that which is conducted within academia, is often confined to a singlediscipline or to a narrow band of related fields [1]. However, many of the world’s mostchallenging problems are interdisciplinary in nature and require input from experts in a widerange of fields to find creative solutions. These are sometimes referred to as “wicked problems”,or problems that are ill-defined, have no clear right or wrong answer, and have multiplestakeholders with competing priorities [2]. While these wicked problems have
Conference Session
Sociotechnical Integration and Programmatic Reform
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Xueni Fan, Texas Tech University; Joshua M. Cruz, Texas Tech University; John Carrell, Texas Tech University; Michael Scott Laver, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
lessonswith non-STEM faculty (Al Salami et al., 2017). Moreover, it can be difficult for faculty fromany single discipline to understand how knowledge is constructed, valued, and/or transmittedacross different disciplines, given that disciplines often vary from one another in these beliefs(Demarest & Sugimoto, 2015; Osbeck and Nersessian, 2017). Thus, we use a case studyapproach to answer three research questions: 1. What implicit epistemologies can be discerned when professors describe their approach to design and develop the HDSTEM courses that are a synthesis of history and engineering? 2. How do professors’ personal beliefs and epistemological alignments inform the way that they teach HDSTEM courses? 3. How do
Collection
2024 ASEE PSW Conference
Authors
Monika Neda, University of Nevada - Las Vegas; Matthew Paul Pusko, University of Nevada - Las Vegas; Vanessa W. Vongkulluksn Ph.D., University of Nevada - Las Vegas; Melissa Lynn Morris, University of Nevada - Las Vegas; Jeehee Lee, University of Nevada - Las Vegas; Jacimaria Ramos Batista, University of Nevada - Las Vegas
with Railored Activity-Based Instruction’ project funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Through her efforts, she actively works towards bridging the disparity between high school preparation and expected standards of civil engineering.Dr. Jacimaria Ramos Batista, University of Nevada - Las Vegas ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Engineering Canvas Applications to Improve Fundamental Math Skills in Pre-Calculus MathRecent research indicates that the retention rate within US engineering schools averages at 56%,dropping even lower to approximately 20% for underrepresented minorities [1]. Furthermore,statistics reveal that around 40% of STEM students switch
Conference Session
Will This Be on the Mechanics Test? Concept Inventories and Understanding Exams
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yan Tang, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Lin Ding, The Ohio State University; Haiyan Bai, University of Central Florida; Richard Catrambone, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics Division (MECHS)
Educational Psychology (1/2008 - 12/2011), the Journal of Experimen- tal Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition (6/2000 - 12/2001 and 1/2009 - 12/2009), the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (1/2001 - 12/2007), and the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (6/2000 - 12/2001). He has published his research in journals such as the Journal of Experi- mental Psychology: General; Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition; Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied; Memory & Cognition; Journal of Educational Psychology; Human-Computer Interaction; Human Factors; and other basic and applied journals. He has also served on grant review panels for a variety of funding agencies
Conference Session
Broadening Participation through Access, Equity, Inclusion in ECE
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yufang Jin, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Yanxia Jia, Arcadia University; Cate Wengelnik, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Frances Matos, University of Texas at San Antonio; Mason Cole Conkel, University of Texas at San Antonio; Yan Tang, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Jessica Gonzales, The University of Texas at San Antonio
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)
. Objective and MotivationIn 2018, the National Science and Technology Council Committee on STEM Education releasedAmerica’s strategic plan to lay out a vision for future STEM education with three goals: buildingstrong foundations for STEM literacy, increasing DEI in STEM, and preparing the STEMworkforce for the future [1]. Specifically, the second goal, increasing DEI in STEM, is key toachieving the other two goals. Following the guidance of this strategic plan, colleges, anduniversities have implemented various practices, including recruiting a more diverse faculty andstudent body for better diversity and inclusion on campus, improving outreach and recruitment toa diverse array of students, providing support services for students, and creating an
Conference Session
Works in Progress II
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cristián Eduardo Vargas Ordóñez, Universidad de los Andes; Mariana Tafur-Arciniegas P.E., Universidad de los Andes
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
compare with other countries, the conceptions and attitudes about chemicalengineering and chemical engineering technology contribute to making visible the differencesand similarities between these concepts related to the sociocultural and historical approach.Additionally, it is an opportunity to set up undergraduate curriculums and policies aboutengineering education taking into account the context in which they are developed.Background and PurposeThe biggest challenge that diverse educational institutions have in Colombia is to build curriculawhich include the experience, knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of different actors. Highereducation institutions should not be outside to these characteristics because they allow moremeaningful learning [1
Conference Session
ERM: Identity Impacts (Identity Part 2)
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cristián Vargas-Ordóñez, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Siqing Wei, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Tiantian Li, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
, benefits thepersonal growth of the students themselves and the nation to keep up the excellence and overallleadership. However, international students, especially graduate students, in the United Statesmight fall into several exclusive issues and dilemmas that negatively influence the constructionof their academic identity [1]. Firstly, changing policies on visas and immigration havenegatively and systematically affected international graduate students arriving on U.S. campuses.This uncertainty due to changes in the political climate and global events unproportionallyimpacts students from countries such as Iran and China [2]–[4]. Secondly, an internationalstudent visa has a limited duration and associated criteria to ensure legitimate status. They
Conference Session
Technological and Engineering Literacy - Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cristián Vargas-Ordóñez, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Morgan Hynes, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
engineering identity.They have maintained and unquestioned technology as a core concept usually associated withengineering and value-neutral artifacts developed to solve problems by applying only specializedknowledge.Nevertheless, this conception of technology is far from reality. As currently accepted, technologyis a corpus of sociohistorically contextualized knowledge that embodies its creator’s culture,opening the door to diverse engineering conceptions [1]. In that sense, if a monolithicperspective of engineering continues, it is possible to consider technology as one kind of materialmanifestation of the engineering subculture, which includes only one set of shared commongoals, particular priorities, beliefs, values, and the specific jargon
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Endeavors: Engineering, Art and Society
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Cristián Eduardo Vargas-Ordóñez P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Morgan M. Hynes, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
undergraduate and graduateengineering education levels. In that sense, this pilot study focused on exploring how two of the STEAMareas, engineering and art, faculty members from a Large Midwestern University perceive engineering,art, and their integration. This study used Moscovici's and Abric's Social Representation theory, lookingfor the core and peripheric attitudes and information that faculty participants have regarding theintegration of engineering and arts. In total, seven faculty members, three from the College ofEngineering and four from the College of Liberal Arts, were interviewed as a way to "enter into the otherperson's perspective"[1, p. 426], making visible the components of their social representation in the formof feelings, intentions
Conference Session
Pre-College Engineering Education Division Resource Exchange
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Cristián Eduardo Vargas-Ordóñez P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Andrew James Gray, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Morgan M. Hynes, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education
engineering. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Olympics on the Moonschool students will discover how sports arenas, rules, and engineering and earthif the space science Focus grade levels: 6-8 (meets 7th-grade equipment would change and Moon. During the sessions, they learn about the engineering design process, the Olympic standards)vity, velocity, acceleration, and friction. They also use free online design and programming Time: 3 sessions, 1 hour long eachineering conceptions and design skills. These activities could easily be transformed to in- Abstract class or hybrid classroom use. These activities were
Collection
2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Hector Medina
Collection
2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
to the Fundamentals of Engineering exam, the American Institute of Constructors AssociateConstructor (AC) exam is taken by students during their senior year of a construction managementbachelor’s degree program. It is considered the first level for certification towards becoming aCertified Professional Constructor. It is often utilized by university construction programs as anassessment tool, providing insight into the effectiveness of course curriculum and instruction. Theeight hour AC exam covers the following subject categories and is weighted by percentage of totalexam as shown in Table 1.Table 1: AC exam categories and weightsI. COMMUNICATION SKILLS  5.5% II. ENGINEERING CONCEPTS
Collection
2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Collection
2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
takes place on a figure-8 track about 18’ on a side. Part of the course in shownin Figure 1. The central feature is a 2’-wide crossover bridge built from plywood. The bridge has6’ ramps and a 2’-long deck section. Building the car with sufficient torque to climb theapproach ramp while still achieving high top speed is one of the key challenges for the students.The starting line can be seen toward the upper left of the figure. The course is outlined with ducttape and flag posts mark the turning points.Students begin the competition with a short lecture on torque and gear ratios. They are alsoshown short videos of the course and starting sequence. Next, they are given car kits andchallenged to build the fastest car for the course. The kits