Conference Session

State of Manufacturing

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Nutter, Ohio Northern University; Robert L. Mott P.E., University of Dayton; Carl R Williams, University of Memphis; Mark J. Stratton, Society of Manufacturing Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

998 Material Removal 2.838 0.8893 1059 Tolerance Analysis/GD&T 2.825 0.8451 10310 Project Management 2.813 0.7856 9611 Product Prototype Build and Test 2.800 0.8876 10012 Plastics/ Polymers 2.760 0.8976 10413 Process Development and Test 2.697 0.8506 9913 Customer Focus 2.697 1.0542 9915 Joining, Welding & Assembly 2.676

Conference Session

Using graphics in the rest of the engineering courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ananda Mani Paudel, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Jane M. Fraser, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

. Motivation and Scope of the Work: Engineering Design, Creativity and SustainabilityEngineering graphics design is one of the main languages of the engineering profession andengineering students can do meaningful design projects in the first year18. The engineering Page 23.1152.4graphics course plays a large role in developing visualization, creativity and personalimagination. As the first step in engineering education as well as an entry point to a professionalengineering career, the engineering graphics class is an appropriate venue to introducesustainability concepts. The engineering graphics curriculum has continuously developed,incorporating

Conference Session

CEED - Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph A Raelin, Northeastern University; Margaret B. Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Jerry Carl Hamann, University of Wyoming; David L. Whitman, University of Wyoming; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University; Leslie K. Pendleton, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

unexpected but modest finding, those students who persisted in the major andin school were more critical of their instructors than those who left.The findings for co-op in this study not only lend support to those who have long asserted that Page 23.1190.3quality co-ops can enhance undergraduate retention but also demonstrate co-op’s enduringenhancement of students’ work self-efficacy.IntroductionThis study is part of a larger research project, supported by a National Science FoundationResearch on Gender in Science and Engineering program grant, designed to determine the effectof self-efficacy and other factors on retention, especially of women in

Conference Session

Special Initiatives and Programs at Two-Year Colleges

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R. Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

student success. Our expectations of the CC transfer students arehigh. We encourage them from day one to consider going full-time to graduate school right afterthey earn their Bachelor’s degree. We tell the students that a Master’s degree is very valuable inindustry. With a Master’s degree a student is more likely to start at a project manager positionequivalent to two years of experience, as well as beginning with a higher salary. Manyengineering students report that they needed a Master’s degree to give them a much firmer holdon their engineering field to feel comfortable going out as an engineer and to enable them toparticipate in exciting industrial projects. Through our National Science Foundation (NSF) S-STEM and STEP programs (#0728695

Conference Session

Breaking barriers, building futures: Narratives of equity and inclusion in STEM education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elahe Vahidi, University of Cincinnati; Mark Okoth Onyango, University of Cincinnati; Kaitlyn Anne Thomas, University of Nevada, Reno; Kelly J Cross, Georgia Institute of Technology; Whitney Gaskins, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

findings SDT as part of SDT as a factor culture/climate in associated with engineering certain constructs Figure 1: Categorical breakdown of articles for first categorical analysisLimitationsThe scope of this literature review was limited by time, accessibility, and availability of theresearch team. This literature review is part of a larger study, and the literature review is one ofthe first steps in the project. As this had to be completed before next steps could be taken, thetime for the literature search and analyses was limited. The team was also limited by access tojournal databases. We gathered

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 4

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Bryan James Higgs, University of the District of Columbia; Gulen Ozkula, University of the District of Columbia

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

that this project is an ongoing endeavor. As thefall semester of 2024 progresses, additional data will be collected to further validate and refine ourunderstanding of the impact of these pedagogical strategies. Specifically, the end-of-semestersurvey results, which are yet to be gathered, will provide crucial insights into the effectiveness ofthe implemented methodology on a broader scale and over a longer term. The anticipated surveyresults will not only allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of the current methodology'simpact on student outcomes but will also guide future iterations of the project. By analyzing thedata collected at the semester's end, we aim to identify areas of strength and opportunities forimprovement, ensuring that the

Collection

2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Sadie M. Prigmore; Moses Olayemi

challenges, carbon capture has beensuccessfully implemented and is projected to be more socially acceptable since it does noteliminate the use of fossil fuels entirely [31]. Renewable energy integration into cement © American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conferenceproduction is still in its infancy, with little to no research available on the costs involved.Nonetheless, given current trends in reducing CO2 emissions with renewables in other sectors, itcan be assumed that similar outcomes could be achieved in the cement industry. The currentacceptance of renewables in other industries suggests that, with successful implementation,renewables will likely be well

Collection

2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Ibukunoluwa E. Salami; Segun S. Oladipo; Logan A. Perry

understanding of theoretical engineering concepts.Segun Samuel Oladipo is a master's student in Mechanical Engineering at the University ofNebraska-Lincoln. He earned his undergraduate degree from Ladoke Akintola University ofTechnology in Ogbomosho, Nigeria. With 13 years of industry experience in Nigeria, he isalso a certified project manager. Currently, he serves as the Pollution Prevention TechnicalAssistance Coordinator for the Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Mechanical and Materials Engineering, and the Nebraska Industrial Assessment Center. AtUNL, his research includes tutoring students to apply theoretical concepts in mechanicalengineering to real-life scenarios. © American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session: Cultural Perspectives

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hans M Tritico, University of Mount Union; Chad S. Korach, University of Mount Union

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

Paper ID #42068Global Engineering Modules that Teach Currency Exchange and InternationalTradeDr. Hans M Tritico, University of Mount Union Hans is the Global Engineering Coordinator at the University of Mount Union where he also teaches environmental/water resources engineering classes. He is passionate about broadening students’ perspectives through project-based hands on learning techniques.Dr. Chad S. Korach, University of Mount Union Chad Korach is the Director of the School of Engineering and an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Mount Union in Alliance, Ohio

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Technical Session - Effective Teaching 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Momanyi, William Paterson University; Grace Panther, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

responded to students’isolation through an increase in office hours in the subsequent semester following initial reportsof student isolation. The trends in the data are used to make recommendations for civilengineering instructors on how to integrate learning communities into the classroom experienceduring normal and disrupted times.Keywords: Sophomore, Junior, Syllabi, Document Analysis, Civil EngineeringIntroductionLearning communities in classroom settings act as support systems for students, facilitatingincreased motivation, student success, and feelings of belonging. Instructors create learningcommunities in the classroom by incorporating teamwork and group projects into their coursedesigns as well as making themselves available, by way of

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - Best in DEED

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Lawson-Bulten, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Samantha Lindgren, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Ann-Perry Witmer P.E., University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

their relationship to the community orclient, as well as on-going research and engineering products.In one of our upper-level engineering classes focusing on societal influences for technical designat a large Midwestern university, students are asked at the start of the semester to describe atwhat point their ability to make design decisions ends. Eighty to 90 percent of engineeringstudents each semester indicate that at the end of project scope, once design has begun, externalconsiderations are no longer incorporated into the technical development process. In other words,students are taught to believe that once they begin the design process, they must follow aprescribed engineering route that leads to a deterministic outcome. This lack of

Conference Session

Engineering Futures: Navigating the Pathways of Education, Inclusion, and Professional Growth

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Asghar, University of Cincinnati; Angela Minichiello, Utah State University; Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Daniel Kane, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

engineering education and their behavioral and cognitive problem-solving capabilities. He is actively involved in research related to the integration of positive psychological tools and methods in engineering education practice and research. Muhammad is also interested in the development and use of new technological and non-technological methods to enhance the learning processes of undergraduate engineering students. He is currently leading a second research project related to use of mobile learning technologies in undergraduate engineering education. This research is exploring available empirical evidence about the role mobile learning technologies may play in improving student accessibility to knowledge, academic

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 1: Foundations of Engineering Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Hiram Cover, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Grace Panther, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

considering the Peer Reviews feature, one has to consider when peer review is mostcommonly used in engineering courses. Peer review, if it is employed by instructors, tends to beused in conjunction with project work, particularly design work, though it can be applied tomany other types of student work and with learning benefits [23]. Project work in the curriculumunder study tended to occur in senior-level courses. So, it is not surprising that Peer Reviewswere not used in the second- and third-year courses considered in this study, as they focused onengineering science topics with more traditional homework and exam course elements [24].When considering Rubrics and Outcomes, each of these features demands instructors have bothadvanced pedagogical

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Chemical Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Barr, University of Michigan; Sarah A Wilson, University of Kentucky; Janie Brennan, Washington University in St. Louis; Joanne Beckwith Maddock, Carnegie Mellon University; Tracy L. Carter, Northeastern University; Samira Azarin Azarin; Amy J. Karlsson, University of Maryland

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED), Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

technical project,” focus on critical-thinking skills, which were also – mentionedin the open-ended responses.Self-reported gaps in student understanding and curriculum coverageIn the final set of questions, students were asked to self-report gaps in their understanding andwhat topics the chemical engineering curriculum overall should do a better job of covering. Inboth questions, students were asked to select their top three from the list of thirteen lab learningoutcomes, and the percentage of respondents that chose each learning outcome was quantified.In terms of self-reported weaknesses (Figure 4), over 40% of students selected “Designprototype” and “Compare to theory” as their greatest weaknesses. “Design experiment” and“Troubleshoot” were also

Conference Session

Engineering Equity: Challenging Paradigms and Cultivating Inclusion in Technical Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nyna Jaye DeWitt, University of Georgia; Animesh Paul, University of Georgia; Racheida S. Lewis, University of Georgia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

students having to financially support themselves. Table 7 provides excerpts from students whoexhibited autonomy and their reported family incomes.Table 7. Occurrence of Autonomy and examples from student stories Sub-Code Number of Instances Example Micro-Narrative “But since the move to online I spend weeks without Moved/stayed living my property here. It's quiet but it has given me 3 alone the chance to reflect and work on side projects I've been interested in starting.” [< $25K

Conference Session

Innovative Pedagogical Techniques in Engineering Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junhyung Park, United States Air Force Academy; John Ciezki, United States Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

familiarity. Other Arduino boards are listed inFig. 2. The Uno is a minimalist hobby platform. It operates at 16MHz with 14 digital Inputs/Outputs (I/O), 6 analog inputs, 6pulse-width-modulation outputs, and no on-board Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC). For projects with greater software orhardware requirements, boards like Mega, Due, or Yun might be considered. Board Clock (MHz) Dig I/O Ana IN Ana OUT PWM Flash (KB) SRAM (KB) EE PROM (KB) Proc Volt (V) Interr Pins UNO 16 14 6 0 6 32 2 1 5 2 Nano 16 14 8 0 6 32 2 1 5 2 Mini 16 14

Conference Session

Laboratory and Research Skill Development

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Stephanie G Wettstein, Montana State University, Bozeman; Catherine Anne Hubka, University of New Mexico; Jennifer R Brown, Montana State University, Bozeman; Eva Chi, University of New Mexico

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

-making opportunities.Our approach to promote student engagement and belonging in engineering is to investigate therole of consequential agency in laboratory experiments. To determine the effect agency has onstudents, we explore how different aspects of laboratory experiments contribute to students’development through a survey used to measure consequential agency as well as engineeringidentity, relevance, and persistence intentions.The goal of the project is to extend theory about agency in learning and the development ofprofessional identity in upper division chemical engineering laboratory courses. Specifically, weinvestigate how agency in four domains—(1) experimental design prior to doing the laboratoryexperiment; (2) data collection and

Conference Session

Cultivating Community, Wellness, and Character Development

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria E Goodrich, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

considered on their own, many of the changes seen here match expectations of the course faculty. (1) Teamwork is a large portion of the first-year engineering sequence with required team projects in both semesters. This is less emphasized in CBE 20255; therefore, it is unsurprising for that to be less emphasized in student response post-course. (2) Resilience rises in mentions in the study group while falling in the control group. In the study group, resilience and persistence were common themes of class lectures and office hours. This was a deliberate inclusion when students struggled, especially around large assessments. Therefore, class instruction can be linked to this

Conference Session

Learning Mechanics through Visual and Tactile Modalities

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brandon Clumpner, United States Military Academy; Kevin Francis McMullen, United States Military Academy; Elizabeth Bristow, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics Division (MECHS)

stimulating images. (a) (b) Figure 7: Photoelasticity setup: (a) Tension tests; (b) Torsion tests.ResultsPhysical Material Failure BoardThe final material failure display board is shown in Figure 8. The authors elected to build threedisplay boards. It was decided not to include plaques to avoid inundating the display with toomuch information. The authors determined the excess information would detract from thefundamental aim of the project. The name of the material was laser engraved into the plywoodfor each material. The board would be utilized by different courses on different lessons. Withsmall section sizes of a maximum of 20 students, some courses have simultaneous

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amirreza Mehrabi, Purdue University; Jason Morphew, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

machine learning and cognitive research). My background is in Industrial Engineering (B.Sc. at the Sharif University of Technology and ”Gold medal” of Industrial Engineering Olympiad (Iran-2021- the highest-level prize in Iran)). Now I am working as a researcher in the Erasmus project, which is funded by European Unions (1M $ European Union & 7 Iranian Universities) which focus on TEL and students as well as professors’ adoption of technology(modern Education technology). Moreover, I cooperated with Dr. Taheri to write the ”R application in Engineering statistics” (an attachment of his new book ”Engineering probability and statistics.”)Dr. Jason Morphew, Purdue University Jason W. Morphew is an Assistant Professor

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Kramer, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

engineer?Once the detailed analytic memos were complete, I iteratively condensed them through furtheranalysis to determine the main ideas for each category of analysis as presented in the followingsections. I also compared the memos for each series and each depiction of an engineer to identifyany common themes or counternarratives presented.Researcher PositionalityResearcher positionality impacts all research projects and is a fundamental aspect of the researchtopic, epistemology, ontology, methodology and communication (Secules et al., 2021). As such,I want to make clear my positionality and reflect upon how my positionality motivates thisproject and how I situate myself within the project (Jones et al., 2013). I identify as a whitecisgender

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tianjiao Zhao, East Carolina University; George C. Wang P.E., East Carolina University; Ron Chance, East Carolina University; Chelsea Rebecca Buckhalter, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

allthree cases provided by ChatGPT were consistent with the source data. The messages were available.However, ChatGPT also shows at the bottom of the results “Please note that developments in 3D printingtechnology and construction projects may have occurred since my last update in January 2022.” to alertthe user to the lateness of the message.The authors also tried the application in terms of 3D printed bridges, asking ChatGPT to collect 3 typicalcases of 3D printed bridges worldwide in the last 5 years. The results are below. Figure 2 ChatGPT information-gathering Q2The results are not ideal. First, ChatGPT emphasizes here that the last data update was in January 2023,which contradicts January 2022 in the previous

Collection

2002 ASEE North Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Greg Luttrell

activities, lectures and assignments on a limited number of core transportation topics.The course met for three 50-minute periods each week. These class periods were used tointroduce topics, cover material through lecture, activities, discussions and homework review.The classroom portion of the class was operated to provide the students with an active/participatory learning environment.The course was loosely structured for 1,000-points possible: 371-points for homework andquizzes, 100-points each for the WebCT discussions, in-class discussions and final exam, 350-points for a semester long research project, 50-point team member self evaluation, andopportunities for small amounts of extra credit. Course grades were based on a 90%-A, 80%-B,70%-C, 60

Collection

2016 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Audrianna Rodriguez; Maria-Isabel Carnasciali; Shannon Ciston; Melissa L. Whitson; Viktoria Zelenak Berendt

blue-collar oriented jobs to white-collar service relatedprofessions” 2 education becomes essential in providing career readiness. In consequence, manyhigher learning institutions have experienced an influx in enrollment rates among a variety ofstudent populations. Adult learners are one of many student groups expected to proliferate withinhigher education. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) 2009 report,by the year 2018, it is projected that the number of students 25 to 34 years old will increase by © American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 9 2016 ASEE Rocky

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session: International Programs and Curricula I

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose Texier, LACCEI; Maria Mercedes Larrondo-Petrie, Florida Atlantic University; Laura Romero, Tecnologico de Monterrey ; Charles Anders Bazile, Florida Atlantic University; Jose Carlos Quadrado, Instituto Superior De Engenharia De Lisboa

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

problems of Engineering education. APR6. Pedagogical psychology and communication: Ability to apply psychological and pedagogical technologies to professional activities of a teacher. APR7. Interaction with stakeholders: Ability to work efficiently with the results of scientific research to ensure their publication, to cooperate with labor market and other stakeholders. APR8. Sustainable development: Ability to apply the principles of Sustainable Development in the global context. APR9. Digital education: Ability to design, organize and accompany educational process in X-learning environment. APR10. Problem-based, project-based, and practice-oriented learning: Ability to form students' experience of

Collection

2005 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Joseph J. Rencis; Hartley T. Grandin

educational goal of our course is tointroduce design through homework problems and short, simple and well-defined projects. Asthe student progresses to more advanced courses, i.e., machine design, structural design, etc.,projects become lengthier, open-ended and difficult, leading to the major design experience. In accordance to ABET EC200041, an engineering program must demonstrate that thegraduates of a program have satisfied Criteria 3(c) “an ability to design a system, component, orprocess to meet the desired needs…”. The approach proposed in this paper can be used todemonstrate Criteria 3(c) applied to individual structural components. Furthermore, if theapproach is used in other courses, i.e., statics, machine design, structural design

Collection

2008 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Dominic M. Halsmer

. Competitive – Can it successfully compete in the marketplace of ideas?4Scientists and engineers typically have a very high regard for truth because they daily experiencethe value, indeed the profitability, of having an accurate representation of physical reality.However, they also understand that their representations are probably not perfect. Engineers areespecially in-tune to the idea that full and complete knowledge of all aspects of a project neednot be attained before decisions are made to finalize a “good-enough” design and get the product“out the door”. Samples confirms this same idea with regard to worldview decisions when hewrites, “No worldview is perfect in explaining reality. Instead, a worldview functions much likea scientific model in

Collection

2013 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Issam Damaj; Ashley Ater Kranov

support of the governing body of the institution • The application of an educated change management • The change dynamics of the institution • The spreading of SoE awareness institution-wide • The ensuring of institutional effectiveness • The creation of a culture of assessment • The cultivation of relationships with external constituents • The availability of an adequate infrastructure • The creation of a positive organizational climateIn this project, the theoretical proposition is that the presented measurement tool accurately a)describes the content and constructs that comprise sustainability of technical education in ahigher education setting, and b) measures the sustainability. Work in progress aims to execute amultistage

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 14: Advanced Pedagogical Techniques

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Todd M. Fernandez, Georgia Institute of Technology; David Edward Torello, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

not sustained overtime [11], [12], [13]. Finally, when changes are made, they are often low fidelity - meaning they partiallyimplement the instructional strategies they claim [7]. While these results are important, they merelyreinforce what we know - current change process do not deliver the intended outcomes. However, currentresearch does little to answer why. Is low fidelity an issue of applicability or practicality? Do facultymembers not understand or not have the time to fully implement techniques? What causes changes to besustained, improved, or dropped? Understanding these requires understanding how not if change is made.This paper looks at the experience of one faculty in one course engaged in a common first courseimprovement project

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division (SWED) Technical Session #3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanos Matsumoto, Olin College of Engineering; Michelle E Jarvie-Eggart P.E., Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division (SWED)

teaching of SEPTs in scientificcomputing. Greg Wilson, who created the initial Software Carpentry project [7], has madenumerous recommendations to adopt of key SEPTs in the scientific computingcommunity [20, 27–29]. Interventions in engineering fields (outside of computing) are rare.The SWEBOK GuideFrom the earliest uses of the term “software engineering”, there have been calls to establish thefield as an engineering profession [30], particularly by the two leading professional societies incomputing, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Computer Society of theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Efforts to establish software engineeringas a profession have included a call to compile a standard set of knowledge