Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: DEI, Flipped Classrooms

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Grimm, Michigan State University; Ron Averill, Michigan State University; Sara Roccabianca, Michigan State University; Geoffrey Recktenwald, Michigan State University

researching SMART assessment, a modified mastery learning pedagogy for problem based courses. He created and co-teaches a multi-year integrated system design (ISD) project for mechanical engineering students. He is a mentor to mechanical engineering graduate teaching fellows and actively champions the adoption and use of teaching technologies. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com The Differing Impact of a New Assessment Framework on Student Success – The Effect of Socioeconomic FactorsAbstractIn 2016, Michigan State University developed a new model of classroom education andassessment in their Mechanics of

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Student Growth

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seyed-Arman Ghaffari-Zadeh, Carnegie Mellon University; Gerald Wang, Carnegie Mellon University

upon the authors’ anecdotal experience, thisclaim is especially true for the skill of computer programming. Moreover, computing is an area in which studentstend to exhibit more significant heterogeneity as compared to, e.g., background with thermodynamics.computing; in practice, all students have used one (or some combination) of C++, MATLAB, andPython. In a typical semester, there is a large amount of heterogeneity with regard to scientificcomputing background, ranging from less than one semester of prior experience to greater thanfive years of prior experience.The course has six problem sets and a final project (written report and presentation) on a topic ofthe student’s choosing. The (heavily scaffolded) problem sets guide students to

Conference Session

Disability, Neurodivergence, and Sense of Belonging in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

D. C. Beardmore, University of Colorado Boulder; Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado Boulder; Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

focuses on developingand supporting an inclusive academic environment for faculty and students across a spectrum ofidentities. Her primary research projects have included qualitative studies on the experiences ofnon-majority members of academia (students and faculty).Author 3 (she/her/hers) is a faculty member at University of Colorado Boulder. She has limitedbackground in dis/ability studies or UDL. In her 25-year teaching career she has had numerousstudents in undergraduate and graduate courses who have university-assigned accommodations.While her primary experience in engineering education research has focused on undergraduatestudents and quantitative studies, she also has experience conducting qualitative studies that haveincluded

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yoel Rodríguez; Antonios Varelas; Clara Nieto-Wire; Nieves Angulo; Anthony DePass, DePass Academic Consulting

grateful to the National Science Foundation (NSF S-STEM Award DUE-1833767), theHCC Office of Academic Affairs, our Hostos STEM students, and our HEAT Program AssistantLuis Tejeda Ortiz for his significance contribution to HEAT.References1. National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. (2012). Community colleges in the evolving stem education landscape: summary of a summit. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.2. U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Population Projection, released 2009, Last Revised: March 19, 2018, at https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2009/demo/us-pop-proj-2000- 2050.html, accessed 23 January 2022.3. Rodríguez Y, Angulo N, Nieto-Wire C, and Varelas A. Engineering student perceptions of

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Deb Jordan, Colorado School of Mines; Sam Spiegel, Colorado School of Mines; Megan Sanders, Colorado School of Mines; Stephanie Cutler, Pennsylvania State University

projects (decided at varying levels), alumni and donor support(foundation and donor driven), as well as contracts and grants. Our contracts and grant worktypically requires external evaluations. While not required for the other funding sources, externalevaluations provide data, an external review/analysis, and credibility for Our Center to keydecision makers.Further, as educators and researchers we want to know varying levels of impact and areas of need,either from campus or areas where Our Center can improve its work. Utilizing an externalevaluator provides new perspectives on the work of Our Center. The evaluators often see thingsthat we miss as we are too entrenched in the work. There are also times when we are curious orconcerned about

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Perkins, Wichita State University; Adam Carberry, Arizona State University; Samantha Brunhaver, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

mentoring quality [12–13], 2) mismatch in seniority and department position may strainpotential mentoring relationships [21], 3) power dynamics and administrative responsibilities canlead to favoritism and transparency issues, impacting mentoring relationships [22], and 4)mentoring, as a skill, in general, requires training [1]. The sum of this work makes it clear thatsenior faculty mentors need certain attributes to be successful with mentoring, as well asguidelines, milestones, metrics, and incentives to know if they are meeting the mentoring needsof their mentees [17].The current work is part of the Kern Family Foundation-funded Mentorship 360 project atArizona State University, which aims to create research, frameworks, and resources to

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isabella Stuopis, Tufts University; Kristen Wendell, Tufts University

Engineering Education and Outreach (CEEO). curriculum and instructional supports for inclusive knowledge construction by engineering learners. Major projects emphasize community-based engineering curricula and professional development, engineering discourse studies, design notebooking, undergraduate learning assistants, and responsive teaching for engineering. Kristen is an associate editor for the Journal of Engineering Education. She teaches courses in design, mechanics, electronics, and engineering education. Wendell completed her PhD in science education at Tufts, her MS in aeronautics and astronautics at MIT, and her BS in mechanical and aerospace engineering at Princeton. © American Society

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Villalta-Cerdas; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University

to Students Become Coaches computing; introduce the participants to engineering and more specifically incorporate: engineering documentation and design projects, team building and team competition, [16] use of computer software such as Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint, problem solving skills, research activities; help the students achieve an attitude of “I can be a successful engineering student;” address issues relevant to freshman students

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rustin Webster, Purdue University, New Albany; Joseph Ottway

M.S. in Management of Technology from Murray State University, and a Ph.D. in Interdisciplinary Engineering from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Dr. Webster is a certified GD&T-Technologist, SOLIDWORKS Expert, and Six Sigma Green Belt. For his teaching and mentoring of students he has been awarded the 2021 ASEE ET National Teaching Award, 2021 Purdue Teaching for Tomorrow Fellowship, 2021 Purdue Teaching Academy Pandemic Teaching Award, 2019 ASEE EDGD Rising Educator Award, and 2019 SME Distinguished Faculty Advisor Award. Dr Webster’s research interests include ET outreach (e.g., recruitment and retention) and design education with focus areas in CAD, instructional techniques (e.g., project-based learning

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Vaden, University of Pittsburgh; Melissa Bilec, University of Pittsburgh; April Dukes, University of Pittsburgh; Amy Nave; Amy Landis; Kristen Parrish, Arizona State University

research-based teaching and learning practices and the ILCmembers were engineering faculty and instructors.Assessment Methods One goal of this project is to provide faculty the support they need to successfullyimplement inclusive strategies in their engineering classrooms. Faculty success in creatinginclusive classrooms is directly linked to student perspectives and outcomes, and thus we arecollecting data from students in participating classrooms. The student-centered assessment planis a mixed-method approach that includes survey response data asking students about theirrecognition of inclusive strategies, examination of the department and university climate, and asense of community within the classroom. There is also an option for

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lacy White, University of Texas at Austin; Carly Eressy, University of Texas at Austin

visibility of diverse faculty, were needed to bothincrease the number of applicants from diversity groups and to increase the likelihood thatstudents from the diversity groups would choose to enroll in our program when offeredadmission.This phase of our effort was supported by a small seed grant from the institution which providedresources to accomplish two primary goals: to add a diversity webpage to the larger departmentalwebsite to highlight our commitment to diversity and inclusive practices and to develop awebsite for Graduates for Underrepresented Minorities (GUM), a student organization thatsupports students from diversity groups. Both projects were completed and launched in early2021 prior to our graduate recruitment events. In addition, we

Conference Session

Centering Black Experiences in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne McAlister, University of Virginia; Jessica McDermott, University of Virginia; Juan Carlos Garibay, University of Virginia; Lindsay Wheeler

that doesn't know social justice issues, why are you an engineer? You're supposed to be the building blocks of society, but if you don't intake what society wants or it needs, then your use is really minimal.This comment demonstrates that, to Andre, motivation to engage in social justice issues can bethe same motivation behind engaging in engineering. This connection highlights the ways thatAndre’s views of engineering were entwined with a motivation to engage in social justice.Andre’s weekly essays and final project provide additional insights into Andre’s perceptions ofthe ways engineering relates to social justice. In one weekly essay, Andre wrote: As engineering is a tool which can be used to meet certain goals, we can

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vicki May, Dartmouth College; Diana Kardia

are contextualized by the overall health and functionality of the department and relate to qualities of the department that all members of the department can speak to (e.g., transparency; quality of mentoring). 2. Departmental climate data is the basis for self-reflection, not a research project. Data analysis in this context is fundamentally different in two ways. First, the people interpreting the data produced the data and thus have the necessary capacity to clarify and expand the meaning of the data that are available. Second, while research requires the interpreter to observe and analyze the data, climate data requires the interpreter to personally respond and, in many cases, consider

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victor Garcia; Diane Golding, University of Texas at El Paso; Suzanne Atiya, University of Texas at El Paso; Karla Ayala Mendoza

Paper ID #37051Inspiring Academic Engagement and Motivation of MinorityCollege Students through Transformative Success Stories onSocial Media (Work-in-Progress)Victor Manuel Garcia (Research Associate) Victor Garcia holds a PhD in Civil Engineering from The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Victor is currently a research civil engineer at the US Army – Engineer Research and Development Center in Vicksburg, MS. He leads research projects sponsored by the US Department of Defense that focus on improving the design and construction practices for military transportation installations. Victor has been also

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 12: Work-in-Progress Postcard Session #1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey Kiassat, PhD, MBA, PE, Quinnipiac University; Michael Ben-Avie, Quinnipiac University

a sense of belonging are more important predictors ofwithdrawal from SCE than academic reasons. This is in line with another study [6] that foundfemale students tend to leave engineering majors with GPAs higher than those of the malestudents in the same programs.Experimental Methods / Project ApproachStudents in FA begin their college experience in the Summer II term, a condensed 7-week term,from early July to late August. The students take a Learning Strategies Seminar and Introductionto Programming. Learning Strategies Seminar is a 0-credit metacognition course focused onstudy habits and techniques, resilience, and a growth mindset. This course is taught by theAcademic Coach so that students can begin forming a relationship with their

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: DEI, Flipped Classrooms

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudeshna Pal, University of Central Florida; Anchalee Ngampornchai; Patsy Moskal, University of Central Florida

Paper ID #37034EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ONLINE LECTUREVIEWING BEHAVIOR ON STUDENT PERFORMANCEIN A FLIPPED CLASSROOM BLENDED COURSESudeshna Pal Dr. Sudeshna Pal is an Associate Lecturer in the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department at the University of Central Florida (UCF), where she teaches courses in the areas of system dynamics, controls, and biomedical engineering. Her current research focus is engineering education, including blended learning, project-based learning, and digital and design education. She co-directs the “Biodesign Program in Rehabilitation Engineering” program for undergraduate

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session - Innovative Teaching Strategies II

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sami Alshurafa; Laura Wieserman, University of Pittsburgh; Hanan Alhayek; Andrew Rose, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown

), “What’s my communication style? Participant Guide-ThirdEdition”, USA.[2] I. P. W. Fung, "On monitoring study progress with time-based course planning",Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, Madison,WI, USA, 2001, pp. 361-4.[3] K. Heldman, “PMP: Project Management Professional Study Guide”, WielyInc,NewYork, USA, 2005.[4] T. Hoff Macan, "Time Management: Test of a Process Model", Journal of AppliedPsychology, 1994, Volume 79(3), pp. 381–391.[5] T. Macan, C. Shahani, "College Students’ Time Management: Correlation with AcademicPerformance and Stress", Journal of Educational Psychology, 1990, vol. 82, n4, pp. 760-768.[6] Meng, Li Li, Zhao Hui Zhen, Lu Chun Guang, Chen, Lin, "The teaching reform of thecourse of

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore Branoff, Illinois State University; Jaby Mohammed, Illinois State University; Joshua Brown

examining students who graduated or were still active in theEngineering Technology program, 24 of 90 students failed the PSVT:R posttest (27%) and 62 of90 failed the MCT posttest (69%). Although we can assume spatial visualization plays a key rolein the success of students, data in this study indicate overall success includes other factors.Engineering Technology graduates enter a wide range of fields that include robotics systemsintegration, plastics technology, and technical sales. Many students who struggle with spatialvisualization ability may flourish in other areas such as project management or programmablelogic control.The data regarding outcomes in other courses within the Engineering Technology curriculumshowed mixed results. Figures 1-7

Conference Session

ERM: Teamwork makes the dream work!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morgan Fong; Hongxuan Chen, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Geoffrey Herman, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Liia Butler, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

earlier findings?,” Educ. Res. Rev., vol. 10, pp. 133–149, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2013.02.002.[3] J. M. Cámara-Zapata and D. Morales, “Cooperative learning, student characteristics, and persistence: an experimental study in an engineering physics course,” Eur. J. Eng. Educ., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 565–577, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1080/03043797.2019.1569593.[4] D. W. Johnson, R. T. Johnson, and K. A. Smith, Cooperative learning: increasing college faculty instructional productivity. Washington, DC: School of Education and Human Development, George Washington University, 1991.[5] R. S. Moog, J. N. Spencer, and A. R. Straumanis, “Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning: POGIL and the POGIL Project,” Metrop. Univ., vol

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Peters, University of San Diego

work.Going to college completely severed these two portions of my identity. I decided to attend theUniversity of San Diego, a wealthy, private, Catholic institution which I thought would besomewhat similar to my high school. However, leaving the islands and going to a predominantlyWhite institution in California had a culture shock that separated my racial and academicidentities. The courses, especially those in engineering, were almost entirely filled with whitestudents that had more engineering experience in their pasts through camps and programs. Ialways felt out of place being picked last for group projects, sometimes used as the tokenminority by some professors, and feeling that my cultural identity was useless in the engineeringdiscipline

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deana Delp; Maria Dixon, Arizona State University

project focuses on increasing coordination with industry and career-readiness of engineering students with ASD. Quality preparation during the job search processcontributes to the success of students with ASD to find meaningful employment. In the future,EASE aims to promote the engineering community and local engineering companies byincreasing persistence and employment statistics for students with ASD.References[1] R.E.A. Nevill, and S.W. White, “College students’ openness toward autism spectrum disorders: improving peer acceptance,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 41, pp. 1619-1628, 2011.[2] M. Pilotte and D. Bairaktarova, “Autism spectrum disorder and engineering education – needs and considerations,” 2016 IEEE

Conference Session

Classroom Skills

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

M. A. Karim P.E., Kennesaw State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

,listening and taking notes”[2]. Active learning can also be defined as any instructional method thatengages students in the learning process[3]. In short, active learning requires students to domeaningful learning activities and think about what they are doing[4]. In addition, active learningpedagogical activities in both Traditional Classrooms and Active Learning Classrooms influencestudents’ satisfaction with their learning processes positively[5]. An investigation of the long-termeffects of active learning methods on student retention in an introductory engineering statisticsclass was carried out in two classes of students: one was with traditional lecture-based learning,and the other class was with group projects and cooperative learning-based

Conference Session

Gamification

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

John David O’Brian III, Mississippi State University; Sara C. Vick, Mississippi State University; Nazanin tajik, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

applicable to a wide variety of research thrusts, from physical-social infrastructure resilience to STEM education. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 2023 ASEE Southeastern Section Conference Is playing games all you need? A survey of student experiences with virtual learning environments in undergraduate courses. J.D. O’Brian, III, Sara C. Vick, Nazanin Tajik Mississippi State University, Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringAbstractEngineering students are intended to catalyze what is known as theoretical science into practicalcontributions. Typically, this skill is learned through a group project

Conference Session

S6B: Full Papers - One Size Does Not Fit All

Collection

14th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference

Authors

Robin A.M. Hensel, West Virginia University; Susie Huggins, West Virginia University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Full Papers

enter the performance. The attendance capture issuewas reported to and addressed by Zoom Video Communications, Inc. as an issue not previouslyconsidered by Zoom.ObservationsWhile other studies have reported the success of the Interactive Theatre technique in improvingstudents’ perceptions about their ability to function effectively on diverse teams and contribute toimproving the inclusive and welcoming culture of the team, this paper has described the “nutsand bolts” of its implementation. Observations of project personnel and interested outsiders(members of the institution’s Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion) who attended the eventagree that the students, in general, appear to be affected by and even empowered by participatingin this

Conference Session

S6B: Full Papers - One Size Does Not Fit All

Collection

14th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference

Authors

Aysa Galbraith, University of Arkansas; Heath Aren Schluterman, University of Arkansas; Leslie Bartsch Massey, University of Arkansas; Gretchen Scroggin, University of Arkansas

Tagged Topics

Full Papers

Schluterman, University of Arkansas Dr. Heath Schluterman is a Teaching Associate Professor and the Associate Director of Academics for the First-Year Engineering Program at the University of Arkansas. Dr. Schluterman completed his B.S. and Ph.D in Chemical Engineering at the University ofMrs. Leslie Bartsch Massey, University of Arkansas Leslie Massey is an instructor in the First-Year Engineering Program at the University of Arkansas. She received her BS in Biological Engineering and MS in Environmental Engineering from the University of Arkansas. She previously served as a project manaGretchen Scroggin 14th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference: University of Tennessee in Knoxville

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cara Poor, University of Portland; Kyla Burrill; Mason Jarvis

, T., Dillon, H., Lulay, K., Eifler, K., and Hensler, Z. (2017). Design and implementation of an aspirational ethics laboratory course. Proceedings of the 2017 Annual Conference of the American Society of Engineering Education, Paper ID# 17634, Columbus, OH. 6. Hotchkiss, R.H. (2001). Flow over a “killer” weir design project. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 127(12): 1022-1027.7. Chanson, H. (2004). Enhancing students’ motivation in the undergraduate teaching of hydraulic engineering: role of field works. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 130(4): 259-268.8. Brown, S., Easley, A., Montfort, D., Adam, J., Van Wie, B., Olusola, A., Poor, C., Tobin, C., Flatt, A

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arash Takshi; Chris Ferekides, University of South Florida

Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of South Florida (USF) teaching Electronics I, II, and CMOS VLSI courses.Chris S Ferekides (Professor) Chris S. Ferekides received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of South Florida. He has been a faculty member in the Electrical Engineering Department since 1992. He is currently service as the department chair, and is the principal investigator of a NSF Funded RED Project that addresses the professional formation of electrical engineering students. His research is in the areas of electronic materials with a focus on photovoltaics. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 5: Strategies for Increasing Classroom Engagement

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. David Burghardt, Hofstra University; Deborah Hecht

was not strong support for voice over Power Point lectures in either class, as indicated bythe average and medians for the question in both courses. However, the responses suggestthere is somewhat stronger support to continue this model of flipped classrooms amongstudents in the initial course than from students in the senior course. It is possible students inthe senior course experienced greater stress since they were learning about vapor powersystems which involve solving time-consuming problems and working on individual thermaldesign projects when the survey was administered.The final question “Lastly, I would like your opinion about the course format (you don’t need tolike thermodynamics). What worked for you, what didn’t, what might I

Conference Session

ERM: Problem Solving and Conceptual Understanding

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Therriault, University of Florida; Elliot Douglas, University of Florida; Emily Buten; Elizabeth Bates, Michigan Technological University; Jeremy Waisome, University of Florida; Marah Berry, University of Florida

mechanical engineering. As an undergraduate researcher, she worked with the University of Florida to determine ambiguity and problem types in engineering textbook problems.Elizabeth Anne Louise Bates Elizabeth is a senior mechanical engineering student at Michigan Technological University. In the summer of 2021 she worked as an undergraduate researcher categorizing problem types as part of a project to identify the level of ambiguity present in engineering text book problems.Jeremy A. Magruder Waisome (Instructional Assistant Professor) Dr. Jeremy A. Magruder Waisome earned her bachelor's and master's of science degrees and Ph.D. in civil engineering from UF. During her studies, she became passionate about issues of

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #8

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Felipe Calderon, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; Pablo Schwarzenberg, Universidad Andres Bello

emergency remote teaching and online learning.” 7 https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote- teaching-and-online-learning (accessed March. 27, 2020). [11] A. A. Igolkina and G. Meshcheryakov, “Semopy: a python package for structural equa- tion modeling,” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 952–963, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1080/10705511.2019.1704289. [12] M. Kuhfeld, J. Soland, B. Tarasawa, A. Johnson, E. Ruzek, and J. Liu, “Projecting the potential impact of covid-19 school closures on