Conference Session

Instrumentation in Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Akram Hossain, Purdue University, Calumet (Tech); Mohammad A. Zahraee, Purdue University, Calumet; Hamza Kadir, Purdue University Calumet (College of Technology)

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

, the bottles may be shattered. To find the root of the problem a high speedcamera should be used.Using the camera we can narrow down the cause of the above problem. Judging the pattern ofthe phase difference between the motor shafts and how it acted at different speeds, we cannarrow down the troubleshooting and comment that the problem must be due to tuning of themotors. The problem cannot be due to a fault in the cam tables because the phase difference isvaries along with speed of the servomotors (Experiment 2).The servomotors are controlled by proportional-integral-derivative controllers (PID Controllers).This is a generic control loop feedback mechanism (controller). It calculates an "error" value asthe difference between a measured process

Conference Session

The Transition from Secondary to College Mathematics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helen M. Doerr, Syracuse University; Andria Costello Staniec, Syracuse University; AnnMarie H. O'Neil, C.S. Driver Middle School

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

., Ahlgren, A., & Schrader, C. (2009). The implementation of an online mathematics placement exam and its effects on student success in precalculus and calculus. In American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.[9] Alkhasawneh, R., & Hobson, R. (2010). Pre-college mathematics preparation: Does it work? In American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.[10] Hampikian, J., Gardner, J., Moll, A., Pyke, P., & Schrader, C. (2006). Integrated pre-freshman engineering and precalculus mathematics. In American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.[11] Li

Conference Session

Research in Engineering Education II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan McNeill, University of Florida; Elliot P. Douglas, University of Florida; Mirka Koro-Ljungberg, University of Florida; David J Therriault, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2012-4029: INSTITUTIONAL DISCOURSES IN ENGINEERING ED-UCATION AND PRACTICENathan McNeill, University of Florida Nathan McNeill is a Postdoctoral Associate in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Florida, where he is studying the factors that contribute to success in open-ended problem-solving. He has a Ph.D. in engineering education from Purdue University, an M.S. in mechan- ical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and a B.S. in engineering from Walla Walla University.Dr. Elliot P. Douglas, University of Florida Elliot P. Douglas is Associate Chair, Associate Professor, and Distinguished Teaching Scholar in the De- partment of Materials Science and

Conference Session

Research in Assessment

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter M. Ostafichuk, University of British Columbia; Jim Sibley, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; H.F. Machiel Van der Loos, University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 25.1031.1212 Ostafichuk, P.M., Croft, E.A., Green, S.I., Schajer, G.S., and Rogak, S.N., 2008, Analysis of Mech 2: An Award-Winning Second Year Mechanical Engineering Curriculum, Proc. of EE2008, July 2008, Loughborough, UK.13 Ostafichuk, P.M., Van der Loos, H.M., and Sibley, J., 2010, Using Team-Based Learning to Improve Learningand the Student Experience in a Mechanical Design Course, Proc. IMECE2010, November 2010, Vancouver,Canada.14 Brickell, J.L., Porter, D.B., Reynolds, M.F., and Cosgrove, R.D., 1994, Assigning Students to Groups forEngineering Design Projects: A Comparison of Five Methods, Journal of Engineering Education, July 1994, pp.259-62.15 Wright, D., 1994, Using Learning Groups in Your Classroom: A Few How–To’s, Teaching

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Eric D. Mead; Karen Reynolds; Lawrence Whitman

. There is, therefore, a broad base of knowledge using LEGO® bricks to expose students to a wide variety of concepts. Shocker MINDSTORMS The Shocker MINDSTORMS program at WSU utilizes LEGO® MINDSTORMS to encourage young students to explore, experiment, and experience STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) learning in a hands-on constructionist environment17. Shocker MINDSTORMS began in 2001 as a collaboration among faculty and staff in the WSU Colleges of Education and Engineering, WSU engineering students, and local industry. The intent was to involve teachers and students in hands-on learning by providing a framework that included teacher training, teacher and student support, and an annual culminating event where students

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Transportation and Geotechnical Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Conrad, Portland State University; Timothy James Pfeiffer P.E., Foundation Engineering, Inc.; Tom Szymoniak, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

engineers. Senior engineers commonlymentioned working extra hours on writing tasks when they started in practice, knowing that thehours could not be billed to a client but trusting that the effort would pay off later in being able towrite more quickly and easily. Finally, all the practitioners referred to looking at previousdocuments produced by the firm, using them at first to learn typical organization andexpressions, and later using them as templates for new documents. For most firms, much work isroutine. Thus, it is rare that an entirely new document with new organization and new ways ofdescribing content has to be created from scratch.Teaching ApplicationsBased on the findings of our research, we believe it is important to integrate writing

Conference Session

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, East Carolina University; Carrie S. Dossick, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Construction

in construction education show the great potentialitiesof successful BIM integration in the existing CEM curriculum. In the next few sections, theauthors propose a broad framework that suggests how BIM can be taught as a skill as well ashow it supports and improves existing CEM pedagogy. Page 25.898.6Roles of BIM Technology in CEM CurriculumFrom a review of literature, the authors’ own experience, and personal correspondence withother BIM educators, the authors have determined that BIM technology can be applied toprovide an opportunity to significantly enhance students’ learning and engagement. It can alsosupport interactive and

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Collura, University of New Haven; W. David Harding, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

courses that focus on mass and energy balances or a singlemass and energy balance course plus a thermodynamics course. At the University of New Havenall engineering students take a sequence of common, multidisciplinary engineering courses in thefreshman and sophomore years before developing depth in their chosen discipline. The details ofthis integrated curriculum have been discussed in previous publications1,2. In this integrated Page 25.914.2curriculum, the topics of mass and energy balances are introduced in a multidisciplinary course,EAS211 Introduction to Modeling of Engineering Systems, which also applies the balanceapproach to momentum

Conference Session

National and Multi-university Initiatives

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Owe G. Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering; William M. Jordan, Baylor University; R. Radharamanan, Mercer University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

AC 2012-3655: PROPOSED KEEN INITIATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EN-TREPRENEURIAL MINDEDNESS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATIONDr. Owe G. Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering Owe Petersen is Department Chair and professor of electrical engineering and Computer Science at Mil- waukee School of Engineering (MSOE). He is a former member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories and received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1971. His technical work ranges over topics such as optical data links, integrated circuit technology, RF semiconductor com- ponents, and semiconductor component reliable. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and an ABET EAC Program Evaluator in electrical engineering.Dr. William M

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey L. Schiano, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Page 25.403.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Design Tools: The Sophomore Course in a Four-Year Design SequenceAbstractThis paper describes the sophomore-level course in a recently developed four-year verticallyintegrated design sequence in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University Parkcampus of The Pennsylvania State University. We briefly describe the motivation behindrevising the design curriculum and the integration of material among the four design courses. Wethen focus on the objectives, development and implementation of the sophomore-level course.Revising the Design CurriculumPresently, the Department of Electrical Engineering has forty-one faculty members who

Conference Session

Lessons Learned through Community Engagement of Engineering Students

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John J. Duffy, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Emmanuelle Reynaud, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Manuel A. Heredia, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

each semesterhave a required course in which S-L projects are mostly required but in some cases optional. Lastacademic year (2010-2011) 1267 students were engaged in service-learning projects in theengineering college. The total enrollment for the college was 1600 the same year. An estimated49,500 hours were contributed to the community. One way to illustrate the number of courseswith S-L integrated into the curriculum is depicted in Figure 1. Each column represents anacademic year under its department. Within each column, dots with deeper shading indicate thatthe S-L was required for everyone in the course that semester. Lighter shading indicates that theS-L was a choice, or elective, opted by only some of the students in the course, usually

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Afsaneh Minaie, Utah Valley University; Ali Sanati-Mehrizy, Pennsylvania State University; Paymon Sanati-Mehrizy, University of Pennsylvania; Reza Sanati-Mehrizy, Utah Valley University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

Computer Engineering Capstone Projects in the Computer Science DepartmentAbstractAs with many computer science and engineering programs, students of the computer engineeringarea of specialization in the computer science program at Utah Valley University (UVU)conclude their degree programs with a semester capstone design experience. The intent is forstudents to utilize competencies developed in the first three years of the curriculum in thesolution of an embedded design problem. This paper presents the details of sample projects thatthe students have done in this capstone course.Background InformationUtah Valley University (UVU) is a state institution with more than 32,000 students. UVU islocated in Utah County which has

Conference Session

Engineering Management Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, Stevens Institute of Technology; Alex Gorod, Visiting Fellow, University of Adelaide

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

currently included course. An example would be to discuss systemic risk concepts as a subsection of a course on risk management or as a section of a project management course. It could be further included as part of a systems integration course or as an introductory course to systems engineering or complex systems.d. The American Society of Engineering Management (ASEM) could consider making systemic risk a topic in the ASEM certification curriculum. Engineering Managers should be tested on the subject through especially identified scenarios/case studies of complex systems with a series of questions on how to manage the system and mitigate the overall risk associated with it.e. Systemic Risk could be included as a topic in the ASEM

Conference Session

Methods, Cases, and Directions

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph C. Hartman, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

common cash flow analysis calculations. However, as this isunlikely in the near future, it is suggested that this type of information be relegated to review orprep sessions for the test. The author runs these types of sessions each semester for studentspreparing for the exam. The argument here is that if students have successfully completed anengineering economy course that has pushed them to analyze the risk(s) of a project, they willfind it easy to learn how to use the factors in a timely manner for an exam.Curriculum ReplacementWith the reduction of coverage of financial mathematics, time in the curriculum can be focusedon tools for making good financial investment decisions, such as cash flow estimation, riskanalysis and multi-attribute

Conference Session

Standards and K-12 Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jing Wang, Purdue University; Melissa Dyehouse, Purdue University; Nicole R. Weber, Lesley University; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

which students may bechallenged to make decisions in practical contexts. Impact Authenticity focuses on what impactsan authentic experience can deliver in an informal learning setting. Impact authenticity asks,What impacts can an authentic experience deliver out of school? Finally, Personal/ValueAuthenticity asks, What makes an experience authentic on a personal level? Personal/valueauthenticity includes actions that make an experience authentic on a personal level such as self-exploration. Table 3. Key definitions and characteristics for each type of authenticity.Categories Key Definitions and CharacteristicsALL in Real world (RW) relatedcommon Curriculum should… Key Definitions

Conference Session

International Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, Implementations, and Pedagogical Challenges in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Albert Sanger, Western Carolina University; Julia Ziyatdinova, Kazan National Research Technological University; Svetlana Vasilievna Barabanova, Kazan National Research Technological University; Vasiliy DUPE Ivanov

Tagged Divisions

International

) incorporates practicalexperience through intervals of practical experience in industry with an integrative capstoneproject.Present Issues within RussiaIt is not surprising that the substantial changes in the Russian system described above havecreated issues: some of perception and others of substance. 1) University education used to last for 5 years, now it is 4 years. New study plans are not just a compressed version of the old plans. They represent a change in the content of the education provided. There are new goals for a university education. Previously programs produced specialists with a narrow expertise, now degree programs produce a universal specialist who can work in any position which requires

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Jordan Sheen, Brigham Young University; Dale C. Rowe Ph.D., Brigham Young University; Richard G. Helps, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

facing dozens of industries wasthe dependency on control systems that never had security as an integral part of theirdevelopment lifecycle [13]. The results of this acknowledgement lead to research efforts wheremechanisms were trying to retrofit legacy systems. However, retrofitting legacy systems doesnot provide a long term solution to the problem[14].The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the approaches taken in higher education to address theproblem facing SCADA security. The first section describes how higher education currentlyhandles security in regards to SCADA/ICS environments. The second section discusses areas offocus pertaining to different disciplines. The third section discusses tools that can be used toexpose students to SCADA

Conference Session

ABET Accreditation, Assessment, and Program Improvement in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana G. de la Rosa-Pohl, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2012-3617: DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL GOALS WITHIN THEFIELD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGDiana G. de la Rosa-Pohl, University of Houston Diana de la Rosa-Pohl has been a lecturer in the Cullen College of Engineering at the University of Hous- ton since 2003. She has worked with the PROMES program to develop project-based learning courses for the first-year curriculum. Currently, she is developing and evaluating project-based multidisciplinary courses for the engineering honors program. Page 25.468.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL

Collection

2012 ERC

Authors

Farnam Jahanian

, VLIW processors Array of specialized processors, e.g. GPGPU.CONFIDENTIAL 321) We are in a period where it’s been called the “Era of Observation” or the “Era of Data and Information.”Actually, the truth is that we’re drowning in the DATA TSUNAMI2) We have seen an Explosive Growth in Size, Complexity and Data Rates generated by generated by modernexperimental and observational methods.3) Today, science gathers data at an ever-increasing rate across all scales and complexities of natural phenomena. Weneed to store, integrate, and extract meaning and information from all of these raw numbers and data

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation of K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heath Tims, Louisiana Tech University; Galen E. Turner III, Louisiana Tech University; Eric Deemer Ph.D., Louisiana Tech University; Krystal S. Corbett, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

College of Engineering and Science teamed up withthe College of Liberal Arts to develop an engaging experience aimed at high school teachers andstudents. Developing a cyber-curriculum that is truly interdisciplinary in focus – cutting across both thesciences and the liberal arts –demonstrates a national model for implementing similar programs at otherinstitutions. This integrated approach to teaching strives to educate new scholars who understand notonly the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) but also the political, social,historical, ethical, and legal aspects of this evolving discipline.Designed using the u-Discovery model pioneered by the College of Engineering and Science atLouisiana Tech [2, 3, 4], Cyber Discovery seeks

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Transportation and Geotechnical Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James L. Hanson, California Polytechnic State University; David J. Elton, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Page 25.957.6 “it’s hard to judge because this was the only lab where was behind the schedule in we hadn’t learned the curriculum yet.” terms of technical status of the Students thought the experience would have been course. better if done later in the course Students thought the experience was a helpful introduction to real world engineering work Students recommended that the experience start with a This method had been whole-class interactive video between campuses to integrated to other aspects of introduce the project the broader project when

Conference Session

Spacecraft Design Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanjay Jayaram, Saint Louis University; Michael A. Swartwout, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

often aconsequence of our reaction to failures1. Hazard analysis which relies on engineering practiceand judgment to identify, classify, and manage risk has continued to have an important role inforeseeing and preventing critical system failure2, 3 . Failure’s role in engineering; including itsvalue in design, design revisions and failure as a source of engineering judgment has beenstudied4, 5. The continued failure of important complex systems has led to assess the question asto how the systems fail despite everything thought to be necessary in the way of process beingdone6.Several engineering curriculums do offer courses based on either laboratories or case studies tounderstand the importance of failures in design as a teaching aid7, 8, 9, 10

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G. Jenkins P.E., California State University, Fresno; Walter V. Loscutoff, California State University, Fresno; Thomas Nguyen

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

semester, students then complete all remaining coursework. A total of 96 units are required for completion of the coursework Master's degree. For information on our Accelerated Master’s Program, download a copy of the degree outline. In addition to the general graduate application requirements, interested students are required to complete the Accelerated Graduate Program Form. Page 25.639.6 11The Integrated BS/MS Program at California State University, Los Angeles The Integrated BS/MS program provides an accelerated route for academically

Conference Session

Towards Global Competency for Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vukica Jovanovic, Trine University; Thomas H. DeAgostino, Trine University; M. Brian Thomas P.E., Trine University; R. Thomas Trusty II, Trine University

Tagged Divisions

International

Integrated Digital Manufacturing Curriculum. She was also lecturing six different courses in the areas of mechanical engineering technology and computer graphics technology. She published chapters in three books, three journal articles, and presented 31 conference papers. Her dissertation research focused on environmental compliance, product lifecycle management, and engineer- ing design of mechatronic products. She is working at the Design Engineering Technology Department at Trine University, where she teaches courses related to engineering graphics and design.Prof. Thomas H. DeAgostino, Trine University After graduating from Michigan Technological University with a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1984, Thomas H

Conference Session

Ethical Cases and Curricula

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth R. Leitch P.E., West Texas A&M University; Rhonda B. Dittfurth, West Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

are primarily trained in applied math,science, and engineering coursework that leaves little room for worthwhile soft skills.While engineering technology has been well established at WTAMU for several decades, the mechanical (2003) andcivil (2010) engineering programs are relatively new. Curricula for the newer engineering degree programs aresimilar to other ABET-accredited programs which are constrained in the number of credits that can be allotted toengineering coursework and required general education curriculum. Many engineering programs in the UnitedStates use one of three approaches to ethics instruction: 1) an ethics component built into modules presented in oneor more engineering courses, 2) a required ethics or philosophy course

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Cross-cultural Awareness and Social Impacts

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt M. DeGoede, Elizabethtown College; Jennifer Kadlowec, Rowan University; Momodou Jain

Tagged Divisions

International

the developing country The Gambia. These projects are being developed in Page 25.434.11parallel with a curriculum development projected featured in a companion paper. The modeladopted attempts to break away from the typical cycle of Western “experts” solving poorlyunderstood problems in developing countries. Evidence suggests that such projects onlyincrease dependency and the need for additional aid. By focusing on the development of localexperts who are part of the community, we hope to produce an environment where Gambianswork within local resources to solve community based problems autonomously.The summer after the completion of the two PV

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles S. Wasson, Wasson Strategics, LLC

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

engineeringeducation is strong on imparting some kinds of knowledge, it is not very effective in preparingstudents to integrate their knowledge, skills, and identity as developing professions … In theengineering science and technology courses, the tradition of putting theory before practice andthe effort to cover technical knowledge comprehensively allow little opportunity for students tohave the kind of deep learning experiences that mirror professional practice and problemsolving.”Development of Systems Thinking SkillsSince “systems thinking” skills are an integral part of Systems Engineering attributes, Davidzand Nightingale [21] provide research data concerning the levels of significance of experientiallearning.Integration of Systems Engineering Courses

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eva Andrijcic, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

andmanagement present important aspects of systems engineering, and they were chosen as thefocus of an eight-day long class designed for three cohorts of 9-11th grade students attending anacademic summer camp. The aim of the class was to provide students with the knowledge andskills necessary to systematically identify possible sources of risk and ways to manage them, andin such a way to prepare them to become more critical problem solvers in the world of complexissues. The underlying idea that guided curriculum development was that students might learnbetter when they are able to apply what they learn in the classroom to everyday life, or toproblems that are of interest to them. Thus, the area of risk assessment and management waschosen as appropriate

Conference Session

Innovative Course Developments in Construction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chung-Suk Cho, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; David S. Cottrell Sr. P.E., University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Candace Mazze, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Sandra Loree Dika, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Construction

communications, engineering economy, and construction planning, scheduling, estimating, and management.Ms. Candace Mazze, University of North Carolina, Charlotte Candace E. Mazze is a Research Assistant at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte. Her research interests include curriculum design and assessment of learning. She received her master’s degree in elementary education from Pfeiffer University and is currently enrolled in the educational leadership doctoral program at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte. She has prior teaching and administrative experience in private and public school systems.Dr. Sandra Loree Dika, University of North Carolina, Charlotte Sandra Loree Dika is an assistant Professor of

Conference Session

FPD III: Innovation in Design in the First Year

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Lau, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Tara Lynn Sulewski, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

for learning and applying the design process. Students apply design tools includingspreadsheets, system analysis, 3D drawing, model building, research, reporting, and customerneeds, all in a team-based active-learning environment. A ZEH is a high-efficiency home that iswell-insulated and air-tight, oriented and designed to utilize passive solar heat, and fitted withhigh efficiency appliances and HVAC systems (heating, ventilating and air-conditioning). Asolar thermal water heating system further reduces the energy use. The remaining use ofelectricity is provided by an integrated solar photovoltaic system and/or an on-site wind turbine.These homes are grid connected and sometimes draw energy from the grid; at other times theyput energy into