Conference Session

Engineering in Middle Schools

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Crips, Laramie Middle School; William Parker, Laramie County School District 1; Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

State Scholars Initiative• Dr. Derrell Hammon, President of Laramie County Community College• Dr. Mark A. Northam, Director School of Energy Resources - UW• Dr. Robert Ettema, Dean of College of Engineering and Applied Science – UW• Dr. Bryan Shader, Department Head, Department of Mathematics – UW• Ted Adams, LCSD #1 Superintendent• Jan Stalcup, LCSD #1 Board President• Dr. Tim Killeen, NCAR DirectorSome of the items discussed by the panel included:1. Everyone in education talks about problem solving or critical thinking skills. In your mind what does problem solving or critical thinking really mean?2. Equipment and technology are a big part of public education. What role do you think technology plays in the middle school

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mike Murphy, Dublin Institute of Technology; Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

AC 2012-4989: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY IN CRE-ATING JOBSDr. Mike Murphy, Dublin Institute of Technology Mike Murphy is currently Dean of the College of Engineering & Built Environment at Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland. He holds an honours diploma in electrical engineering from Dublin Institute of Technology, B.Sc. (Eng.) from Trinity College Dublin, and M.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees from Stevens Institute of Technology in the United States. He is a Fellow of Engineers Ireland and a Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.Dr. Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette Michael J. Dyrenfurth is a professor of industrial technology in the College of Technology at

Conference Session

Engineering Education: An International Perspective

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Waddah Akili

many of them are “potential switchers” (i.e., thinking of switching out of engineering). These “potential switchers” tend to have different learning styles, different expectations, different degrees of self-discipline, different “kinds of minds” from students who traditionally like what they are in for, do well in science and engineering subjects, and have a clear vision of where they are heading. Unlike the “potential switchers,” these students, referred to here as: “first tier,” are easy to deal with, believe in teamwork, get work done on time, and require minimal attention or supervision by the teaching staff. It is clear that the group labeled “potential switchers”, require, and I would argue, deserve more attention, more

Conference Session

K-8 Engineering & Access

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Glenn Ellis; Catherine Lewis; Susan Etheredge; Thomas Gralinski

--increasedfrom 10% to 100%.-- The intention to teach engineering as part of course curricula increased from 55% to 90%.-- 100% of participants found the course "very useful."-- 95% of participants rated the course "excellent" (5% rated it "very good").-- 100% would recommend it to others.Specifically, we asked the elementary teachers to respond to and reflect on the pop-up bookproject. The protocol for this reflection was as follows:1. Reflect on your process during the pop-up experience: What were your challenges andconstraints? How did the Engineering Design Process apply to your work? What did you learn(concepts, skills, habits of mind, affects, etc.)? How might you apply, integrate, and/or use pop-ups in your classroom?2. Begin to draft a plan-of

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rylan C. Chong, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dennis R. Depew, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ida B Ngambeki, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Melissa Jane Dark, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

in engineering: The case of energy policy and social goalsIntroduction Engineering professionals are increasingly expected to be mindful of the socialimplications of their work by virtue of the increasing importance and impact of their role insociety. Grasso and Martinelli 8 state there is a growing need for engineers to “think broadlyacross disciplines and consider the human dimensions that are at the heart of every designchallenge” 8. One of the ways to promote such mindfulness is to introduce engineering studentsto public policy. A recent 2012 National Research Council of the National Academies (NRCNA)19 report on science and public policy, suggests that “graduates need a working familiarity

Conference Session

Identity Formation and Engineering Cultures

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexis Suzanne Capitano, Colorado School of Mines; Ryan Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

engineer has become strongly associated with a problem-solving mindset.Faculty members commonly described engineering as problem-solving itself [8], [9]. The designprocess is so permeated into the engineering profession, there are many common jokes thatrevolve around an engineer solving a problem in the “engineering way,” while missing potentiallysimpler, non-technical approaches to solving the same problem [10]. The engineering way ofsolving a problem can best be described by looking into the engineering design process.Engineers tend to have six habits of mind that help describe their way of thinking and that modelthe ideas used in the design process: systems thinking, problem-finding, visualizing, improving,creative problem solving, and adapting

Collection

ASEE Middle Atlantic 2022 Fall Conference

Authors

Alexa Joelle Prince, Penn State Berks; Sadan Kulturel-Konak, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus; Abdullah Konak, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus; David Robert Schneider, Cornell University Systems Engineering; Khanjan Mehta, Lehigh University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. She received her Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Auburn University. Dr. Kulturel’s research focuses on modeling and optimizing complex systems using hybrid approaches combining heuristic methods and exact techniques from probability and operations research. The primary application areas of her research include designing and redesigning facilities to provide significant economic benefits for the US industries. Dr. Kulturel is also interested in pedagogi- cal research regarding entrepreneurship/STEM fields, such as professional skill development, innovative thinking skills, and gender differences in learning styles. She served as the President INFORMS

Conference Session

Engineering Programs and Institutional Factors

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela M. Kelly, Stony Brook University; Monica Bugallo, Stony Brook University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) has also proposed a set of coreprinciples stipulating that engineering learning may be considered three dimensional with a focuson engineering habits of mind (e.g., creativity, iteration, collaboration), engineering practices(design, optimization, constraint assessment), and engineering knowledge (principles, problemsolving, and technological outputs) [5]. This approach diverges from the way STEM hastypically been taught in U.S. middle schools, where science and engineering principles are rarelyanchored in relevant phenomena [6]. Since teachers often assume the main responsibility forimplementing engineering tasks in their classrooms to comply with the widespread focus onSTEM integration, they may

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Fluids, Heat Transfer

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Keesee; Katrina Christiansen; Cherish Bauer-Reich

systems. Forthe most part engineers are typically taught theory and equations in their early undergraduatecourses with little design experience. A design project of some kind is typically required duringtheir senior year. With this in mind, engineering programs are challenged to do two things: trainstudents to be competent engineers and accomplish this in a short period of time with a fixed,and sometimes very limited budget. This lab project aimed to meet two main goals of thecurriculum and help produce well-trained engineers. This paper begins with a discussion of the previous experience the students had using windtunnels prior to the design assignment. Next the paper will discuss the actual assignment ofdesigning and constructing a wind

Conference Session

Factors Affecting Minority Engineering Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leo McAfee, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

academically achieving students that have completed twouniversity years are able to contribute to and benefit from WIMS undergraduate research.Second year students have few or no courses in their major area; however, the students havegood science and math backgrounds, high levels of commitment and energy to learn, andstrong inquisitive minds. Of course, high achieving third year and fourth year students areeven better candidates.Students majoring in science areas are able to contribute to and benefit from WIMSundergraduate research. Most of the students of the WIMS Center are engineering students,though many of the students have science backgrounds, either due to an undergraduatescience major or due to science core courses in their engineering major

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

of engineeringdevices and technology, and our current status in evaluation and assessment for eachessay.Foreign language course: “Spanish: Language, Technology, and Culture”6Original courseThe course, “Spanish: Culture, Language, Technology”, was designed specifically toencourage engineers to study a foreign language. A number of components of the coursewere incorporated with just this end in mind. The prerequisite for the course was set attwo years of high school Spanish, a level that would not intimidate prospective students.This proficiency allowed the course to be taught at the intermediate level. Wirelesslaptop technology was integrated throughout the course, appealing to engineers’ interestin and love of technology. To make the course

Conference Session

Engineering Design: Implementation and Evaluation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanna Daly, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-995: THE DESIGN LANDSCAPE: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC STUDY OFDESIGN EXPERIENCESShanna Daly, University of Michigan Page 14.1189.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 The Design Landscape: A Phenomenographic Study of Design ExperiencesKey Words: design, phenomenography, professional experiencesAbstractDesign is central to engineering education and practice. Thus, it is important toinvestigate aspects of design that can be applied to facilitate engineers in becoming betterdesigners. Designers’ experiences impact their views on design, which then impact theways they approach a design task. Design approach then impacts new

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melinda Hess, University of South Florida; Autar Kaw, University of South Florida; Corina Owens, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2009-299: ON EVALUATING AND RATING ONLINE RESOURCES FOR ANUMERICAL METHODS COURSEMelinda Hess, University of South Florida Melinda R. Hess is the Director of the Center for Research, Evaluation, Assessment, and Measurement (CREAM) at the University of South Florida. She has written and presented over 30 papers at technology end education research conferences and has co-authored two chapters in educational methods books. She is the Editor of the Florida Journal of Educational Research.Autar Kaw, University of South Florida Autar K Kaw is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Jerome Krivanek Distinguished Teacher at the University of South Florida. He is the author of the textbook - Mechanics

Conference Session

Engineering for Social Justice

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven VanderLeest, Calvin College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

2006-85: JUSTICE AND HUMILITY IN TECHNOLOGY DESIGNSteven VanderLeest, Calvin College Steven H. VanderLeest is a Professor of Engineering at Calvin College. He has an M.S.E.E. from Michigan Tech. U. (1992) and Ph.D. from the U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1995). He received a “Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers” Award in 2004 and 2005 and was director of a FIPSE grant “Building IT Fluency into a Liberal Arts Core Curriculum.” His research includes responsible technology and software partitioned OS. Page 11.851.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Justice and

Conference Session

Approaches to K -12 Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Brown, Virginia Tech; Robert Kavetsky, Office of Naval Research; Robert L. Stiegler, NSWCDD; Peter N. Squire, NSWCDD; Juanita Jo Matkins, College of William and Mary; Gail Hardinge, College of William and Mary; John A. McLaughlin, McLauglin Associates

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

to people’s full participation in the professional, civic, and intellectual possibilities available in American society. Corporate growth and economic development, coupled with a higher standard of living, are inextricably tied to technological advancement. To continue to grow, however, the United States needs a technically literate society and an engineering-minded workforce. Unfortunately, these are two key areas in which our education system often fails to meet the mark. The good news is that a solution can be found in our K-12 classrooms.” Douglas et al. (2004)1.Many studies have confirmed that America’s educational system is lacking. Listed under thetitle “Some Worrisome Indicators” in the

Conference Session

Promoting Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak Jr, NSF Division of Undergraduate Education; Mani Mina, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

Technically Speaking3and Tech Tally,4 sponsored by the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and theTechnology and Engineering Literacy Assessment, developed for all K-12 students as partof the National Assessment of Educational Progress carried out by the US Department ofEducation5. These works developed and elaborated on the elements of technological andengineering literacy that should be achieved by all Americans. In the time since 2000, theNAE has also produced The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the NewCentury6,7. The Engineer of 2020 advocated an effort to clarify and establish engineers as“as broad-based technology leaders, in the mind of the public and prospective students.”Similarly, the NAE’s Changing the Conversation: Messages

Conference Session

Assessing Literacies in Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaofeng Tang, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Qin Zhu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Haishao Pang, Beijing Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

arts through the studio-baseddesign pedagogy. In order to design technically feasible and socially acceptable products andservice, students combine the methods and tools from a variety of disciplines, such as designthinking (e.g., mind-mapping), engineering technology (e.g., Arduino), and cultural studies (e.g.,ethnography). In contrast to the focus on problem solving in typical engineering classrooms,teaching in PDI emphasizes problem finding. PDI students usually start their design projects bystudying the relevant objectives and constraints from rich and heterogeneous real-world context,such as the shortage of food and clear water in underdeveloped regions and the stagnation ofpublic schools in American cities. Students also critically

Conference Session

COED: Mechanical Engineering-related Topics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven F. Barrett, University of Wyoming; Tonia A. Dousay, University of Idaho; Tyler J. Kerr, University of Wyoming; Larry Schmidt, University of Wyoming; Brandon Seth Gellis, University of Wyoming; Jesse Ballard, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #21466Library and Student Innovation Center: Makerspace!Dr. Steven F. Barrett, University of Wyoming Dr. Steven F. Barrett, P.E., received the B.S. in Electronic Engineering Technology from the University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1979, the M.E.E.E. from the University of Idaho at Moscow in 1986, and the Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1993. He was formally an active duty faculty member and professor at the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado and is now professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and associate dean for Academic Programs, College of Engineering and Applied Science

Conference Session

Engineering in Middle Schools

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tris West, Lewisburg Area School District; Abe Feuerstein, Bucknell University; Steven Shooter, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

in the minds of students6,7 and has been successfully usedto help students identify relationships between engineering fundamentals and hardware design8,9.Product dissection provides “hands-on” activities to couple engineering principles withsignificant visual feedback10,11,12, and such “learning by doing” activities encourage thedevelopment of curiosity, proficiency and manual dexterity, three desirable traits of anengineer13. Dissection also gives students early exposure to functional products and processes,and introducing such experiences early in the students’ academic careers has been shown to Page 13.1334.2increase motivation and

Conference Session

International Engineering Education I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M.P. Sharma, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

International

America’s Best and Brightest” [15] makes following observations:“America's biggest problem isn't terrorism, it “reverse brain drain”. And then hegoes on to explain, “in recent years for a variety of reasons a lot of them(international scientists and engineers) have started now to make a U-turn, and thatmovement started to pick up dramatically after 9/11 when we really tightened up in apretty heavy-handed way, and I think wrong-headed way, our immigration policiesand created a much chillier environment for both potential overseas recruits andrecent newcomers to the country.” He continues, “No country, including the greatUnited States, can afford to see its best minds walk, and that's what we're starting tosee today in rapid numbers. By my estimates

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Oakley, Oakland University; Lorenzo Smith, Oakland University; Yin-ping (Daniel) Chang, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

AC 2007-243: THE UNTAPPED STUDENT GOLDMINEBarbara Oakley, Oakland University Barbara Oakley is an Associate Professor of Engineering at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. She received her B.A. in Slavic Languages and Literature, as well as a B.S. in Electrical Engineering, from the University of Washington in Seattle. Her Ph.D. in Systems Engineering from Oakland University was received in 1998. Her technical research involves biomedical applications and electromagnetic compatibility. She is a recipient of the NSF FIE New Faculty Fellow Award, was designated an NSF New Century Scholar, and has received the John D. and Dortha J. Withrow Teaching Award and the Naim and Ferial Kheir

Conference Session

Ethics & HSS in Engineering

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Ethan Brue

theseapproaches are counterproductive. Both approaches only solidify in the minds of engineeringstudents the false notion that while engineering and history may be both good to study, thesedisciplines are independent from one another and not inseparably intertwined. The developmentof an integral historical component in the engineering curriculum requires more than just newcourse development or old course modification; it necessitates interdisciplinary communicationand thematic continuity across the boundaries of every course taken by engineering students.Carefully crafting a history of technology “hub” course that enables integral historical reflectionin all subsequent engineering courses is only a first step. As an example, I will briefly outline

Conference Session

Engineering & Our Global Society

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bhavna Hariharan, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

technologically mediated social networks, it has become difficult to remainignorant of the realities experienced by people across the globe3. This social connectivityhas also made it easier for like-minded people to act on problems that they findcompelling simultaneously making the need and the motivation to act more apparent andurgent.The engineering community has responded to this call as evidenced in the emergence ofgroups such as Engineers for a Sustainable World (ESW)a, Engineers Without Borders(EWB)b and Engineers Against Povertyc. At the heart of these organizations is a desire tocreate an equitable, sustainable future by mobilizing engineers around the world to makemeaningful contributions to complex, global problems.Evidence from a number of

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Daryl Caswell; Clifton Johnston

the concept of themorphological matrix although functionality is the platform from which the morphologicalmatrix grows.Understanding functionality and communicating it to the client is critical to both theacceptance and the success of any design. Functionality provides a critical communication linkbetween what the customer wants and how the engineering designer will achieve the desiredoutcome. A great many designers, novice and professional, make the mistake of presentingtheir design solution fait accompli to the client only to be told the client had a completelydifferent solution in mind. It is the job of the designer to create an environment in which bothclient and designer walk hand in hand toward the solution. In other words, a sense

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Hy Tran; Catherine Clewett

students achieved a feel for the level of detailinvolved in communicating the information necessary to build the part. Many found itfrustrating and difficult to imagine the three dimensional part in their mind and put a scale Page 8.831.4drawing on paper.Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2003, American Society for Engineering Education Figure 1. A large scale model of a MEMS hinge. The part in front is still attached; the part in the back has been released (grey ABS material has been removed).A second field trip was scheduled, to the University of

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Washington Braga

; Wintersgill, M,. "Andes: A coached learning environment for classicalNewtonian physics", Proceedings of the 11 th International Conference on College Teaching and Learning,Jacksonville, Florida, 2000[9] Felder, R.M., "A Longitudinal Study of Engineering Student Performance and Retention. IV. InstructionalMethods and Students Response to them", Journal of Engineering Educ ation, 84 (4), 361 -367, 1995[10] Wankat, P. & Oreovicz, F., "Teaching Toolbox", a monthly column in ASEE Prism Magazine[11] Braga, W., "A General Methodology For Engineering Education Using the Internet", Proceedings of 2001Frontiers in Education Confer ence, FIE 2001, Reno, Nevada, 2001[12] Vygotsky, L.S., "Mind in Society: The Development of The Higher Psychological Process

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Mendoza-Garcia, Purdue University and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Ida B. Ngambeki, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Lamis J. Behbehani, Purdue University; Demetra Evangelou, Purdue University, West Lafayette; P. Suresh C. Rao, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

. Page 25.383.114. Myers T, Stuart B. Teaching engineering and technology public policy while fulfilling multiple ABET and university requirements. Louisville, KY, United states: American Society for Engineering Education, 1818 N Street, N.W., Washington D.C, 20036-2479, United States; 2010. p. 13.5. Harter K, Libros R. Aset 101: Science, Technology And Public Policy: Increasing Technological Literacy Among Community College Students. Louisville, KY, United states: American Society for Engineering Education, P.O. Box 10819-A, Chantilly, VA 20153, United States; 2010.6. Grose TK. Public Policy for the Tech-Minded. ASEE Prism. 2009 Mar;18(7):47 - 48.7. Sicker D, Lookabaugh T. Perceptions concerning the inclusion of

Conference Session

High School Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Abdelrahman, Tennessee Technological University; Cynthia Rice-York, Tennessee Tech University; Dalton York, Tennessee Tech University; Cynthia Stowers, Clark Range High School; Robert Sircy, Tennessee Tech University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2010-778: TWO LEGACY CYCLE MODULES IN MATH AND CHEMISTRYFOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGYMohamed Abdelrahman, Tennessee Technological UniversityCynthia Rice-York, Tennessee Tech UniversityDalton York, Tennessee Tech UniversityCynthia Stowers, Clark Range High SchoolRobert Sircy, Tennessee Tech University Page 15.1282.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Two Legacy Cycle modules in Math and Chemistry for High School Students based on Fuel Cell TechnologyAbstractThe current paper is focused on relaying the experience of two high school teachers thatparticipated in a research experience for teachers (RETainUS

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia A. Pool, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Jennifer L. Groh, Purdue University Women in Engineering Program, West Lafayette; Allison L. Sieving, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

to 4.6 from pre- to post-event) and gain more confidence to chooseengineering as a career (3.1 to 3.8 from pre- to post-event) when using a Likert scale (1 – 5 with1 being completely disagree and 5 being complete agree).Additionally, anecdotal data from all programs support that hands-on design activities engagestudent interest. Many participants stay in contact with activity mentors they meet during theseprograms and are further influenced to keep engineering on the forefront of their choices forcollege. Specifically, many parents and participants comment about a new interest in BME.Summary and conclusionsIncorporating the design process into outreach activities increases participant’s self-explorationof the problem and stimulates minds

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tamecia R. Jones, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

learn as they perform reflection-in-action[20, 21]. Though educators must be mindful about training students appropriately, research hasshown that students’ peer assessment ratings can be highly correlated to teachers’ ratings [22]. Ifwe viewed engineering and design as performance, performance ratings are highly related tostudent’s self-efficacy in evaluating peers’ work and improving work based on peers’ comments[22].Peer assessment helps students reflect on their learning through organization and engagement[23]. Research shows that peers can potentially be good at wrestling with cognitive conflict [24].It supports scaffolding and error management via cognitive model of competent performance[25]. Learners improve their communication skills as