Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Student Issues as Related to Culture

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer J. VanAntwerp, Calvin College; Denise Wilson, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

only what motivates women (and subsequently what is likely to Page 26.543.4prompt them to leave the profession), but also what is unique about these motivations whencompared to male engineers at similar times in their careers.MethodsFor this analysis, 11 men and 11 women were interviewed during 2010. All interviewees earnedtheir first engineering degrees between 2000 and 2006. This analysis is part of a larger study(described in Figure 1) that began with a screening survey designed to elicit basic demographicinformation and completed by 630 participants from three different higher education institutions.From this screening survey, target

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Paper ID #11920STEM Collaboration Assessment Leading to Curriculum Changes and GreaterLong-Term STEM EngagementDr. Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel Ron Welch (P.E.) received his B.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics from the United States Military Academy in 1982. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana in 1990 and 1999, respectively. He became the Dean of Engineering at The Citadel on 1 July 2011. Prior to his current position, he was the Department Head of Civil Engineering at The University of Texas at Tyler from Jan 2007 to June 2011 as well as served in

Conference Session

Ethics Instruction in Context: Civil and Construction Engineering and Engineering Technology

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

, ethical business practices in which engineersengage, and broader aspects of the influence of engineering and technology on society. Ethicseducation should therefore encompass both microethical issues and macroethical issues.Microethics has been defined as “ethical decision making by individual engineers and theinternal relationships of the engineering profession” while macroethics has been defined as “theprofession’s collective social responsibility and the role of engineering in societal decisionsabout technology.”1, pg. 68 The various professional codes of engineering ethics are focused onmicroethical issues, including designing for public safety, whistle-blowing, conflict of interest,and integrity of data. Macroethics moves into a broader

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hank D Voss, Taylor University; Jeff F Dailey; William A Bauson, Taylor University; Bill Chapman, Taylor University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

assessment data areincluded so that interested groups can begin their own programs.1.0 IntroductionSmall universities with primary undergraduate programs have historically been teaching-focusedwith research being a secondary priority or even non-existent. In recent years, there has been ashift toward involving undergraduate students in mentored research activities.1 The benefits andrewards for the students, faculty mentors, the institution, and the greater scientific andengineering community have been recognized. However, there are many challenges toimplementing a successful teaching research program at the undergraduate level. Within theengineering education community, the topic of undergraduate research, and in particular theissues facing

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Technical Session 4: The Best of the All: FPD Best Papers

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University; David Reeping, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

learning.Educational Philosophy of Experiential LearningIn his seminal work, Kolb draws upon the work of Dewey, Lewin, and Piaget to discuss thecharacteristics associated with the process of experiential learning; key among thesecharacteristics, given the context of the research presented in this paper, are the propositions that“learning is a continuous process grounded in experience,” and that “learning involves Page 26.1280.2transactions between the person and the environment.”1 Experiential learning places an emphasison the emergent process where thoughts and ideas are not fixed but are formed and reformedthrough experiences instead of specific outcomes

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Fundamental & Research-to-Practice: K-12 Engineering Resources: Best Practices in Curriculum Design (Part 2)

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Ann Jacobs, Manhattan College; Kathleen Christal Mancuso, Manhattan College ; Zahra Shahbazi, Manhattan College; Alexandra Emma Lehnes, Manhattan College; Anthony Scotti, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

Science Standards(NGSS)1 as well as the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSS)2, it is clear tosee the greater demand and drive for bringing engineering into classroom practices. Thechallenge then lies in the hands of the teachers in the middle and high school classrooms thatmust present concepts that are somewhat unfamiliar and unique to their initial certifications. For many teachers, the idea of lifelong learning and professional development arenecessary aspects to being a highly effective educator, but the programs chosen need to beinspiring and engaging. One of the issues with many professional development programs is thelack of inclusion of the entire group and a greater focus on individual achievements. This resultsin

Conference Session

Virtual Instruction and Collaboration

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thalia Anagnos, San Jose State University; Alicia L. Lyman-Holt, Oregon State University; Sean P. Brophy, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

workforce can expect to participate in virtual teamswhose members collaborate through a variety of powerful Information Technology (IT) tools.Lipnack and Stamps call virtual teams “the peopleware for the 21st century”(1, p. 2). In response toglobalization and the need to be flexible and competitive, industry increasingly relies on virtualteams to bring together resources and expertise that are geographically distributed(2). It isestimated that 30 million US workers were engaged in virtual teams in 2000(3); today the numberis even higher. A 2012 survey by the Society for Human Resource Management indicated that 46percent of organizations use virtual teams(4). This significant professional trend provided thecontext for experimenting with virtual

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shafagh Jafer, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

females [1]. The Women’sEngineering Institute will provide academic, career, social and extracurricular activities, plusresearch and professional development opportunities for women in engineering. The center willnot only focus on recruitment and retention, but also on providing excellent financial andprofessional development opportunities to all female engineering students at Embry-Riddle. Anumber of other universities have already established similar centers of excellence that havegreatly benefitted their female students and faculties, e.g., the WiSE program at the University ofWashington [2] and University of Iowa [3], the Advance initiative at Lehigh University [4].Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University has already made considerable strides in

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Jeff Wilkie

Education Collaboration Copyright ©2019 American Society for Engineering Education Session: CPDD 214Managing Transitions Proceedings of the 2019 Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration Copyright ©2019 American Society for Engineering Education Session: CPDD 214Phase 1: Letting go • Identify who is losing what • Accept the reality & importance of the subjective losses • Acknowledge losses openly & sympathetically • Let people take a piece of the “old way” with them • Inform, explain why the

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Mason Caubarreaux; Cory Franklin; Luz Arrieta-Jimenez; Linda Strauss; Jason Church; Mary Striegel; Jafar Al-Sharab; Adeal Sobhe Matuk

BC was made by containing the bricks within a fire,as well as enclosing the fires in kilns to gain more heat. This did not allow even heat distributionand could not penetrate the entire brick to bake it uniformly [1]. The bricks made using this“low-fire” technique were combined with lime mortar to make buildings. Lime mortar and low-fire brick have a similar density and possess the same capillary qualities. Therefore, moisturemoved equally throughout both the brick and mortar.In 1824, Joseph Aspdin discovered Portland Cement; a mixture of limestone and clay thathardens with water. It quickly showed its usefulness with brick layers, as the cure time is quickerthan the traditional limestone cement. Brick layers in the United States began

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Johanna Paulette Doukakis, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Student

engineering specific mechanics of solids course.this study is to identify patterns in the way expert and noviceengineers approach problems to better inform future Problem Solving Session-research in the field of engineering mechanics. A complex and unique engineering problem was created with the following qualities:Research questions: 1) Include basic engineering concepts found in a mechanics of solids course1) How do experts approach demanding engineering 2) Be presented in a way in which an expert’s intuition alone cannot be used toaaproblems? formulate a solution.2) How do students approach

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Research-to-Practice: Principles of K-12 Engineering Education and Practice

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Steimle, University of Cincinnati; Anant R. Kukreti, University of Cincinnati; Catherine Maltbie, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

funding by advertising theopportunity to its teachers. According to the Ohio Department of Education (2015), the districtswere diverse according to typology.11 Please see Table 1.For the purposes of this paper and according to the Ohio Department of Education, the threeteachers from Felicity-Franklin Local School District and two teachers from Williamsburg LocalSchool District who participated in CEEMS are considered teachers from rural schools. The dataand experiences of these teachers in this paper will be compared to the overall experiences of allteachers in the program. Comparisons will be made at the following levels between ruralparticipants and non-rural participants: • Ohio Department of Education and the College Board’s school level

Conference Session

Robotics, Automation, and Product Development

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

TJ Brown, Middle Tennessee State University; Chong Chen P.E., Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

market is Bebionic, their hands offer a much better quality oflife to whoever can afford them with prices above $30,000 [1], but even this high dollar handrequires the user to select which grip function they want to preform before using the hand. Theyselect functions by either pushing a button or manually repositioning the thumb. Having the userstop in the middle of a task in order to setup their hand for the next chore is not what most peoplewould expect from a hand that cost as much as a car. There are other organizations out there who are trying to help bring the cost of bionic handsdown by using a fairly new technology known as 3D-printing. These organizations aredesigning 3D-printable hands that users can download for free to use. These are

Conference Session

Social Responsibility and Social Justice I: Pedagogical Perspectives

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Beever, University of Central Florida; Andrew O. Brightman, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

engaging students offers a solid support for buildingcommunication competencies and decision-making practices.Changing the conversation contentThe NAES report recognizes the potential for emerging technologies to “outpace the evolution ofthe laws that govern their use”1 and proposes a framework for policy makers to expand the socialand ethical considerations and participants in the conversations so that this outpacing might beprevented. While this report focused on several specific emerging technologies with particularapplication domains (e.g., “information technology, synthetic biology, and neuroscience” and“robotics, prosthetics and human enhancement, cyber weapons, and nonlethal weapons”), theframework proposed is intended to apply to any

Conference Session

Influencing the Next (Third!) Edition of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen C Estes, California Polytechnic State University; Thomas A. Lenox , Dist.M.ASCE, F.ASEE, American Society of Civil Engineers; Kenneth J. Fridley, University of Alabama; Richard O. Anderson P.E., Somat Engineering, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

in terms of mandatedmaximum units in an undergraduate program and additional requirements imposed by a stategovernment or a university. Conversely, the ABET accreditation criteria (general plus program)define the minimum requirements for a program to receive accreditation. There will naturally bea gap between those two standards.For the cycle of change to be successful, the insights and lessons learned from the developmentof the CEPC should be communicated with the BOKTC and vice versa. This paper attempts todo that. The paper will define the gap between (1) the BOK2 and (2) EAC/ABET accreditationcriteria (General Criteria plus proposed CEPC as well as newly revised General Criteria plusproposed CEPC) and make recommendations for closing the

Conference Session

Influencing the Next (Third!) Edition of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth J. Fridley, University of Alabama; W. Edward Back, University of Alabama; Derek G. Williamson, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

to fulfill the BOK is to achieve the outcomesrelated to the baccalaureate level of formal education. However, civil engineering programs areaccredited based on criteria defined by ABET2. These criteria are influenced, but not defined, bythe BOK. Finally, in addition to earning an ABET-accredited engineering degree, the first steptowards professional licensure is to pass the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam3, which isadministered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES).The relationships between the BOK, ABET accreditation and the FE lead to several questions:(1) Does the BOK adequately emphasize the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for successful preparation for the FE exam?(2) Similarly

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna Newman, University at Albany/SUNY; Kathy Ann Gullie Ph.D., Evaluation Consortium University at Albany/SUNY; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Charles J. Kim, Howard University; John Okyere Attia P.E., Prairie View A&M University; Petru Andrei, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Mandoye Ndoye, Tuskegee University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, electronics, hand-on experiments, mobile experimentsIntroductionTeaching 21st Century students require major change in how we instill, transfer and refineknowledge and skills. Todays’ undergraduate enrollees are part of a new generation that hasbeen raised, not only socially, but educationally, on hands-on manipulatives, technology, andpush-button access. Their expectation of instant fulfillment is no longer met by traditionalmethods of teaching that emphasizes passive approaches to learning; rather, they not only expectbut, because of their prior experiences now require strategies that encompass visual stimulation,experimental/authentic learning, and community-based practices.1 Constructivist, constructionist,and action based learning theories

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Ann Pedraza, Texas Tech University; Mario G. Beruvides P.E., Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

Latin III grades predicted the college English grades. This same study, further,stated that performance in a college English course may be predicted by using a high schoolEnglish course, any high school secondary language score, general high school grade pointaverage, or the Cooperative English Examination. They also noted that, regarding gender andprediction, vocabulary scores are extremely important in predicting the success of boys inCollege English. However, general information scores are more important for girls in theprediction of success in College English.[46] In Table 1, entitled “Zero-Order Correlation Coefficients Between College English andVarious Measures,” shows that the coefficients of prediction used in the study

Conference Session

Latest Trends and Implementations in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Ahmad, Northwestern State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

high performing team in a manufacturing environment. Topics include team building, effective communication skills and ethics in the workplace.  Electronics Fabrication Laboratory (1 credit hour). Fabrication techniques for analog and digital circuits. Device symbols and markings, soldering, antistatic techniques, measurement, testing and troubleshooting. o Where C4M holders take a course on Introduction to Fabrication, Process Technology and Machining, which presents an introductory knowledge of fabrication, process technology and machining. Offers hands on experience in each area.Table 1 provides a side-by-side comparison of the learning objectives for

Conference Session

Graduate Programs, Development, and Research Fellowships

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sasan Haghani, University of the District of Columbia; Daniel Albano, Northrop Grumman Corp.; Wagdy H. Mahmoud, University of the District of Columbia; Nian Zhang, University of the District of Columbia; Esther T. Ososanya, University of the District of Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

specifically. Regardless,there are many avenues of study with application to this project, such as research of energysources, optimization of power collection, and optimal storage of harvested energy. Onepromising source of harvestable energy is kinetic energy. Motion can be harnessed fromvarious sources and converted to electrical energy. References [1], [6], [14], [15], and [22]deal specifically with this process and the associated design challenges. In [14], the authorsdescribe a method of extracting energy from a piezoelectric element driven by mechanicalvibrations of varying magnitude. An expression for the optimal power flow for such anelement is derived and based upon that an energy harvesting circuit based is proposed. Thedesign in [14

Conference Session

Student Teams, Groups, and Collaborations

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Lenz M.Sc., RWTH Aachen University; Lana Plumanns M.Sc., RWTH Aachen University ; Kerstin Groß Mag., RWTH Aachen University; Katharina Schuster, RWTH Aachen University; Sabina Jeschke, RWTH Aachen University; Anja Richert, RWTH Aachen University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

course in Mechanical Engineering). Her main areas of research are the development of agile turbulence-tolerant processes and organizational concepts for knowledge and technology-intensive organizations, the development of knowledge management solutions and e-learning tools (e.g. knowledge maps) for various fields, as well as accompanying research for complex organiza- tional development processes in heterogeneous research networks. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Social Familiarity in Virtual Learning EnvironmentsAn Empirical Approach on Engineering Students’ Interaction in Collaborative Minecraft Scenarios (Research Paper) 1. IntroductionIndustry

Conference Session

Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Design Projects

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

project will employ the design of a motorized ZOOB piece. The design may be ableto interact with every piece in the current ZOOB set, or may be limited to a new piece or onlyspecific pieces. Lastly, the ability to simulate Atomic Modules will be taken into consideration. Figure 1. Non-motorized ZOOB Vehicle ConstructionIn addition to the reverse and re-engineering proposal above, the same student prepared a rapidprototyping project where the students were asked to design motorized components, later onbecame the basis for the ZOOB Motor Company. The following concept was developed byMartin Pabian2 in response to the project requirements. ZOOB Rapid Prototyping Project – Design Concept

Conference Session

Engineering Management: Six Sigma, Data Modeling, and Risk Management

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kate D. Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

2012 edition of the EM Body ofKnowledge.) The content of those domains details the standard principles and practicesgenerally accepted and applicable in the field of engineering management. It representsthe best information available collected from various content areas such as publishedbooks and studies on Engineering Management, as well as, feedback from subject matterexperts from across industry, government and academia. Whether a practicing engineer,an engineering manager, or a trainer or educator of engineers, the EMBoK is anindispensible resource about what constitutes the knowledge, skills and abilities expectedin Engineering Management education and practice.Table 1 – EMBoK domainsGeneral Engineering ManagementLeadership and

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Student Reflection, Self-Perception, Misconceptions, and Uncertainty

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Jackson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dawn Laux; David Sears; Paul Asunda, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

inform the first hypothesis of this research study: Hypothesis 1: Engineering design self-efficacy and creative thinking self-efficacy are positively related.Engineering design is a highly creative activity full of opportunities for divergent thinking andinnovation 38. It is expected that self-efficacy perceptions on engineering design and creativethinking grow together because of the parallel nature of these processes.Survey Development and AdministrationIn cooperation with expert reviewers, the self-efficacy instruments were formatted using a 0 – 10point scale which is appropriate for use with younger students 36. The survey was administeredelectronically in two parts immediately following the student pre-test and again following

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jill K Nelson, George Mason University; Margret Hjalmarson, George Mason University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

questions: (1) What is thenature of the progress of a small group of invested faculty focused on interactive pedagogy? (2)How do faculty experienced in interactive pedagogy analyze student learning? The first questionbecame the core of what we investigated over the life of the project. The second questionevolved into understanding how faculty implemented teaching strategies that provided moreformative assessment data and information about students’ learning in an ongoing fashion.MethodologyIn year one, a pilot group was formed. This group consisted of four faculty members, all fromdifferent institutions. These faculty members would become group leaders in the second phaseof the project, but in the first year they met monthly (via phone conference

Conference Session

INDUSTRY DAY SESSION: CMC PANEL SESSION TWO

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lynette F. Wilcox, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Corporate Member Council, Diversity

inthis context, three dominant research faculty roles are identified and described in this paper: (1)entrepreneur, (2) inventor, and (3) consultant.A comprehensive role-based model will be useful for researchers and practitioners to clearlydiscern the types of relationships that are relevant to the work they conduct in university-industryresearch partnerships. A key factor in improving university-industry research partnershipexperiences is advancing our understanding of the nature of the roles and relationships amongparticipants. Finally, clarifying these roles will be helpful for moving forward with a morefocused research agenda for university-industry research partnerships.Introduction There is increasing national interest in the U.S

Conference Session

Robotics, Automation, and Product Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kee M Park, Queensborough Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

additiveprocess to create a desired shape by incremental addition of material in a layer-by-layerfashion[1]. These early machines are relatively expensive, difficult to operate and require longbuild time. With the advent of self-replicating rapid prototype (RepRap) movement that startedin early 2005[2], more affordable desktop 3D printers started to appear in the market[3] starting in2009. These 3D printers deposit melted plastics layer-by-layer in microns until the part iscompleted. The build times depends on the size and fill options, typically several hours. Thisenabled designers to evaluate different design options and finalized the part in matter of days.Uses of 3D printers have evolved into mainstream manufacturing. 3D printing has fashiondesigners

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott I. Segalewitz, University of Dayton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #14053Developing Industry Partnerships for Student Engagement in ChinaProf. Scott I. Segalewitz, University of Dayton Scott Segalewitz, P.E. is a Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology at the University of Dayton (UD). His areas of interest include using technology to enhance the learning environment, devel- oping global technical professionals, distance and asynchronous learning, and technical communication. He served for 2-1/2 years as Director of Industrial and Technical Relations for the University of Dayton China Institute in Suzhou, China where he established corporate partnerships and training

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Technical Session 8: Project-based Learning and Cornerstone Courses

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James M Widmann, California Polytechnic State University; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University; Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

each year and a total of 1177students. The previous freshmen year was somewhat traditional in approach and consisted ofseveral classes on design communication, a broad introductory course including a lecture thatprovided an overview of various Mechanical Engineering subjects (e.g. mechanics,thermodynamics, mechatronics, and design) and supported those with a three hour/ week hands-on laboratory. There was a strong feeling among the faculty that the freshmen year could beredesigned to better support the overall program goals. One often cited goal of the redesign offreshmen engineering programs is to increase retention through discipline-specific designactivities.1-3 At Cal Poly, the one-year retention rate of Mechanical Engineering students

Conference Session

Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aran W Glancy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Tom Cozzolino; Susan Margaret Spector

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

problem: rescue vehicles need to beable to cover a variety of different terrains to get to stranded victims during natural disasters suchas floods or severe storms. In this unit, students are tasked with designing a vehicle that canspeed up, slow down, and turn on smooth and rough surfaces as well as in water. As theydevelop background knowledge necessary for this task they learn about forces and friction.Unit SummaryLesson ObjectivesLesson 1: Friction Students learn about friction as they measure the force required to drag aSleds sled across different surfaces. They then investigate the effect of changing the mass of the sled has on friction. Once done, they use their data to