Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Byul Hur, Texas A&M University; Ryan Conway, Texas A&M University; Aaron Gonzalez, Texas A&M University; Alberto Rodriguez, Texas A&M University; Jacqueline Bunyavong, Texas A&M University

5 4 3 2 1 03. Briefly state the technical skills that you learned during this capstone project.4. Do you think this capstone has been beneficial to your current or future career? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree N/A 5 4 3 2 1 05. Briefly state the impact and/or influence of this capstone project related to your current orfuture career. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition6. In your experience and opinion, did COVID-19

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmad Javaid, The University of Toledo; Quamar Niyaz, Purdue University Northwest; Charlene Czerniak; Sidike Paheding, Michigan Technological University

through smartdevices, users are increasingly exposed to cyber-crimes. Due to the limited training oncybersecurity and cyber-safe practices, young adults are especially an easy target for thesecybercrimes. It is also well-known that there is a need to enhance organizations’ cybersecuritycapabilities while spreading cybersecurity awareness among the masses. To the former cause,degree programs have been established throughout the US to train the workforce; however, theyhave proved insufficient. Therefore, we propose developing and integrating plug-and-playmodules for CS/CSE undergraduate courses at various levels to develop a security mindset amongthese students and inculcate interest in a cybersecurity career. Irrespective of what domain ofCS/CSE

Conference Session

CPDD Technical Session 1 - Design of Professional Development Curricula

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Lu, Texas A&M University; Scott Tingey, Texas A&M University; Denise Preusser; Behbood Zoghi, Texas A&M University

could bedone for the future semesters.Every aspect of this course is designed so that managers in engineering or engineering-relatedfields find it pertinent and valuable to their career/personal success. In the meantime, the designof this course and lessons learned could provide implications for other engineering programs orinstitutions that are looking into offering a similar course. IntroductionCommunication plays a vital role in workplaces regardless of the types of profession. Peopleoften use various functions of communication to interact, inform, instruct, motivate/persuade,regulate/control, etc., in order to perform their day-to-day jobs [8]. Engineering managers andleaders are no exceptions, and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Gordon, University of Central Florida; Jeffrey Kauffman

two have been recognized as best papers in American Society of Mechanical Engineers journals. He is a Fellow of ASME. Ali has taught 11 different courses and leads an engineering- based study abroad course in Brazil as well as the jointly-funded NSF-DoD REU site on Hypersonics (HYPER). Ali is well-known for engaging undergraduates in research, and he is UCF’s 2019 Champion of Undergraduate Research inaugural awardee. At UCF and in the broader higher education community, Ali focuses his efforts on expanding the pipeline of graduate students qualified to pursue careers in academia. Just before joining UCF as an Assistant Professor, he earned a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. His

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Fogarty, California State University, Sacramento; Robin Altman, California State University, Sacramento; Jennifer Lundmark

) improves performance and persistence of STEM majors. BothASPIRE interventions foster academic communities and support networks to meet these needs.To transition into a STEM career post-graduation, students must capitalize on their contentknowledge and a suite of non-technical interpersonal and cognitive skills that often are notintentionally nurtured in their undergraduate programs (Paul and Cowe Falls 2015). Tenopir andKing (2003) showed that engineers spend 60% of their time communicating with other people,yet most engineering programs include just one lower-division communication course, generallytaken at the freshman level. Leadership competency is frequently noted as a vital skill set soughtby employers, yet it is rarely included in an

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victor Garcia; Diane Golding, University of Texas at El Paso; Suzanne Atiya, University of Texas at El Paso; Karla Ayala Mendoza

resulted in a powerful approach to engaging students. The implementation ofsocial media as an education and communication tool in informal learning environments should bethoroughly explored to increase student engagement and learning. The percentage of students pursuing STEM degrees in college is on the rise, even though itremains low in many STEM disciplines [8]. Students recognize the importance of STEM careers, but amajor challenge for entering college students to complete their academic programs is to maintain focusand motivation on long-term goals [9]. Therefore, the motivation and engagement of college students arevery important to increase recruitment, persistence, retention, and graduation rates at STEM departmentand institutional

Conference Session

DEI and Other

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Bryn Elizabeth Seabrook, University of Virginia

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Engineering Education Papers

undergraduate213 degree from the University of Virginia. Likewise, eight students identified as female, while nine214 identified as male. Given this distribution, students were asked on the first day of class why they215 elected to take this course. The overwhelming majority stated that they wanted an environment216 where they could discuss and learn from their colleagues about engineering and DEI. Most of the217 class did not receive a formal ethics course specifically designed for engineering students during218 their undergraduate career. On the other hand, those students who did have an opportunity for an219 engineering ethics course during their undergraduate career emphasized that they still felt the220 need for a specific space for

Conference Session

Retention

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Colin J. Reagle P.E., George Mason University; Oscar Barton Jr, Morgan State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

2019-20 Academic Year, the Department of Mechanical Engineering revised itsrequirements to implement a more personalized curriculum model. Instead of mandating whichtechnical courses are available for students to select to satisfy their electives requirements,students are allowed to take any upper level courses offered at George Mason University. Thebackground and discussion that led up to this decision is presented as well as an inventory ofchoices students actually selected after the change went into effect.KeywordsElectives, Curriculum, ABET CriteriaBackgroundNumerous efforts have been made to articulate what engineering students should learn to besuccessful in their future careers. Two models which immediately come to mind include the

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 12: Work-in-Progress Postcard Session #1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyril Okhio, Clark Atlanta University; Sade Tramble, Kennesaw State University; Amy Buddie, Kennesaw State University; Ayse Tekes

major since the students are exposed to all levels ofcognitive difficulties such as, applying and linking the fundamental knowledge and theories into amore complex real-world application. Learning-by-doing can be very impactful in comprehendingabstract engineering concepts at the introductory level. So, a first-year scholar develops learn-to-learn by yourself skills by learning-by-doing. Some important benefits of participating inundergraduate research that might assist in the student’s preparation for either graduate educationor a professional career, include gaining experience and learning the research process, increasingknowledge and how the knowledge is applied, defining their future career plan, learning aboutacademia and graduate life

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shonda Bernadin, Florida A&M University - Florida State University; Tejal Mulay, Florida A&M University - Florida State University; Hongmei Chi, Florida A&M University - Florida State University

potential job opportunities and careers was co-presented bywere expected to be college students. The team identified two Dr. Hongmei Chi and her graduate student, Maryambadges on Blockchain in the IBM Digital Badges & Moghadam. There was also a closing session activity where the This work was sponsored by a grant through The Fin-Tech Center atMorgan State University and the FAMU NSF ADVANCE Grant.winners of virtual entertainment room games were announced, • On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being “Absolutely No Interest”,and networking contacts were provided to participants. what is your level of interest in Blockchain prior to the

Conference Session

WIED: Activities and Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Weiss-Lopez; Michael Frye; Orion Jones

Operatorlicense to collect images using a drone. The camp provided opportunities to expand soft skills,explore college-level research, and community outreach. The apprenticeship curriculum wasimplemented by undergraduate and graduate students which included: daily Python codingclasses, developing quality research skills, improving public speaking, and introducing careersin STEAM. Local female STEM leaders were guest speakers and provided career advice. Theprogram concluded with a research symposium where they presented their research in posterand presentation format.This paper will provide details about recruiting, lessons learned working with students andparents under COVID-19 restrictions and developing research agendas for high school

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Rice, Utah State University; Steven Jones, The University of Alabama

professional papers on this subject. During the 2018/2019 academic year he received a Fulbright Scholar Fellowship to support a sabbatical in the Netherlands where he worked with Deltares, Rijkswaterstaat, and TU Delft on the issue of Backward Erosion Piping in the Netherlands levee system. Prior to his academic career, he had a 16-year career as a geotechnical consultant in California working for Woodward-Clyde (now part of AECOM) and Kleinfelder. The latter part of this consulting career was dedicated to assessing seepage issues in California levees and he consulted on the first two Deep Mix Method cutoff walls constructed in California under the auspices of the US Army Corps of Engineers. In addition to his academic career

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan DelVescovo, Oakland University; Darlene Groomes, Oakland University; Bianca Bryant; Laila Guessous, Oakland University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

University WISE@OU NSF ADVANCE Partnerships for Adaptation, Implementation, and Dissemination (PAID) grant. She is also in charge of faculty mentoring in the School of Engineering and Computer Science at OU. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Enriching the REU experience through student-led outreach activitiesIntroductionThe benefits of undergraduate student experiences are well known. Students participating inresearch experience for undergraduates (REU) programs report increased skills and self-confidence, a greater sense of empowerment as learners and more motivation to pursue science orengineering careers and graduate degrees [1-8]. REU programs

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cameron Michael Kim, Duke University; Charles Wallace; Margaret Wacera Gatongi

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

future of modern medical treatment. Advances in tissueengineering, computational protein design, and high-throughput bioanalyticaltechniques across academia and industry motivate the need to develop curriculathat provides opportunities for students to interact and design early in theirundergraduate careers. To meet this need, we created two new junior-level courses:Molecular Engineering (BME305L) and Cellular Engineering (BME306L) thatwere offered in the Fall and Spring of 2022, respectively. We have emphasizedstudent-centered experimental and laboratory practice as the backbone of thesecourses to prepare students for authentic research experiences in any industry.Molecular Engineering integrates computational and experimental learningoutcomes

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 7: Developing Graduate Students' Competencies and Identities

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Allain, Pennsylvania State University; Robert J. Rabb P.E., Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

power, and multidisciplinary engineering. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Developing Engineer Systems Competencies with a Nexus of Engineering, Law, and PolicyThe scope and expectations of the engineering profession are changing swiftly to keep pace withtechnological and social advancements. Economic and global issues, innovations, expansion ofdiscipline boundaries, and increased professional responsibilities are transforming whatengineers do, especially as they progress in their careers. Contemporary engineering challengesand solutions are often multi‐disciplinary in nature and require systems thinking in problemformulation and results. The need is apparent for

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Deters, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide; Brent Terwilliger, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide; Emily Faulconer, University of Florida; Kelly A George, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

year) was modified to try to promote more audience participation.IntroductionUndergraduate research is a high impact practice where studies in traditional learningenvironments show gains in disciplinary knowledge and skills [1], [2], persistence [3], [4], STEMidentity and attitudes [5], [6], [7], transferable skills [8], [9], and career ambition [10]. Onlinestudents have a strong interest in participating in undergraduate research [11], [12], and onlinefaculty have shown to have comparable levels of interest in regards to mentoring undergraduateresearch as residential faculty [13]. To help address some of the unique challenges for onlinestudents to participate in undergraduate research, the authors developed the Research ScholarsProgram at

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ricky T. Castles, East Carolina University; Chris Venters, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

implementing plannedprograms due to the Covid-19 pandemic, three cohorts of low-income students have beenrecruited and supported by scholarships valued at up to $10,000 per year. In addition toscholarship support, various other support mechanisms have been implemented including aweek-long summer bridge program for incoming students, a peer mentoring program, a textbooklending library, faculty mentoring, and various collaborative programs involving career speakers,design challenges, and professional development opportunities. With the first cohort of studentsnow entering their senior year and several community college students having already transferredto the university, this paper discusses the recruitment and retention of scholars, details ofprogram

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FYP) - WIPS 3: Identity & Belonging

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Evelyn Walters, Temple University; Cory Budischak, Temple University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

Paper ID #38553WIP Striving towards Equitable Team Dynamics in First-Year EngineeringDesignDr. Evelyn Walters, Temple University Associate Professor of InstructionCory Budischak, Temple University Cory is a teacher and researcher who strives to reduce the harmful effects of energy production and use. Teaching has always been his central passion. He started as a group tutor in college, which led him to his full time career as an Assistant Professor ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 WIP: Striving towards Equitable Team Dynamics in First-Year

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FYP) - WIPS 3: Identity & Belonging

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lizandra C. Godwin, University of New Mexico

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

.091engineering research.I feel included by people who conduct .688 .187 -.031engineering research.My parents and relatives see me as someone who .747 .156 .249can become an engineering researcher.My teachers and mentors see me as someone .840 .149 .168who can become an engineering researcher.My friends see me as someone who can become .761 .135 .256an engineering researcher.Doing research aligns with your cultural values. .175 .058 .923A career in research with your cultural values. .209 .039 .916Use academic literature to understand an .170 .833 .124engineering research project.Generate an engineering

Conference Session

Promoting Social Sustainability, Cultural Assets, and Assessing Equity and Diversity Index

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leigh S. McCue, George Mason University; Girum Urgessa, P.E., George Mason University; Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, George Mason University; Patrick Willette Healey, George Mason University; Patricia Wonch Hill, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Jaime Lester, George Mason University ; Milagros Rivera, George Mason University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)

equitable workplaces in colleges and universities. Her more recent research on learning analytics and pedagogy pro- motes new data-driven evidence to promote changes in pedagogy, instructional practice, and leadership decision-making. Jaime puts her research into practice as an academic administrator supporting faculty and college-level change. As an administrator, she is responsible for supporting faculty governance and developing new faculty career development and workload programs and policy. Jaime also leads all diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts for the college. She is a member of the Philadelphia 2022 HER Leadership Institute. Jaime’s work is widely published in peer-reviewed journal articles

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division (MVD) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Lynn Dahlberg, University of Tennessee Space Institute; Bruce LaMattina; Russell G. Keanini, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Ernest Lamar Brothers, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans Division (MVD)

experiences for veterans to motivate them tocontinue to graduate school or pursue a career in Naval STEM research. A mentor program wasimplemented to provide research faculty mentors, Navy engineering mentors and an expandedmentor network to support the student veterans. The program is well received at bothuniversities and has demonstrated a positive impact on the undergraduate student veterans.Several program challenges are presented along with methods used to overcome those challengesto provide a better experience for both the veteran students and faculty mentors.IntroductionThis paper discusses the development and execution of a multi-year veteran research exchangeprogram between the University of Tennessee and the University of North Carolina at

Conference Session

Mentorship, Retention, Minority Participation, and Examining the Experiences of Women

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claude Brathwaite, City University of New York, City College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)

participating students take courses and conduct research at different campuses. Bridge tothe Doctorate Scholars are also offered the opportunity to integrate an International ResearchExperience into their training during their stay in the program. Program design, best practices,and operation and comparisons to other diversity programs and national data will be presentedalong with the career outcomes of the over 100 participants. Of the 33% in engineering (of these97% completed the MS degree). To date over 50% of the NYC LSAMP Scholars havecompleted their Doctoral degrees.IntroductionThe NSF supported New York City Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (NYCLSAMP) in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) has spearheaded

Conference Session

Stories, Communication, and Convergence in Engineering Education

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn A. Neeley, University of Virginia; Rider W. Foley, California State University, Channel Islands; Andrew Li; Rebecca Jun, University of Virginia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

, speaking, listening; managing process; adapting approach to circumstances; persuading and influencing others) 3. Teams and Groups a. Coordination, cooperation, collaboration b. Multidisciplinary teams, knowledge integration c. Negotiation and conflict management d. Relationship between individual capabilities and group functioning 4. Identity and Culture a. Duality/sociotechnical differentiation (technical/nontechnical; either/both; simplistic/complex; deterministic/contingency) b. Stage of career/role in organization c. “Typical/average engineer” as leader/entrepreneur (norm vs. exceptional)4.3 Topic Models Tables 2-4 display the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ursula Nguyen, University of Texas at Austin; Catherine Riegle-Crumb

STEMengagement, and their engineering identities [11], [12]. One study found that among first-yearcollege students interested in engineering, self-reported engagement in various STEM-relatedexperiences were predictive of their engineering identities [13]. However, young women’sengagement with tinkering and computer programming was associated with lower levels ofidentification with engineering. Overall, research reveals that understanding the factors thatcontribute to young women’s engineering identities is critical, as those with strong identities aremore likely to persist in engineering [14], [15].Similar to engineering identity, intentions to pursue an engineering major are highly predictiveof STEM college persistence and interest in a STEM career [16

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

M-A Demuynck; D. E. Edwards; M. M. Holt; R. H. Cox

Texas Tech University AbstractAccording to the Hudson Institute’s report Workforce 2020: Work and Workers in the 21st Century,national demographic trends suggest that 62% of those entering the labor force will be women by theyear 2005. However, women are not choosing to pursue careers in engineering. In fact, fewer than 20 %of the students studying engineering in college are women.In response, Texas Woman’s University (TWU), Texas Tech University (TTU), and Texas Instruments,Inc., (TI) have created a unique partnership to encourage members of traditionally under-representedpopulations to pursue graduate degrees in engineering. The partnership supports female and minoritystudents by providing

Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

Grace Remillard, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Sarah Kamal, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Justin An, University of the District of Columbia; Charles Thompson PhD, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Kavitha Chandra, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of NewYork, and a Ph.D. in Acoustics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Upon graduation he became an Assistant Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. In 1987 he joined the Department Electrical and Computer Engineering at UMASS Lowell as its Analog Devices Career Development Professor. Dr. Thompson has served on the executive boards of the Cooperative Research Fellowship program of Bell Laboratories (1991-1999) and the AT&T Labs Fellowship Program (1996-2006). At Bell Laboratories Dr. Thompson created with the Vice President of Research and Nobel laureate, Arno Penizas, the W. Lincoln Hawkins

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jiahui Song, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Gloria Guohua Ma, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Douglas Eric Dow, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

technologies. This involves development of hardware and software systems with sensors, embedded control and mechanical actuators. Applications include respiration monitoring, sleep apnea, rehabilitation of impaired muscle for recovery of motor func- tion, health monitoring for elderly to extend independent living, and diabetes management. These systems utilize internet of things (IoT) for remote communication between patient, medical staff, care-givers and instrumentation. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 STEM Programs for Female StudentsAbstractDespite engineering careers helping to solve problems in society and the

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for Their Professional Practice

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Russell Korte, George Washington University; Saniya Leblanc, George Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

fellow, a Sandia Campus Exec- utive fellow, and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research fellow. She was a Churchill Scholar at University of Cambridge where she received an MPhil in engineering, and she has a BS in mechanical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology. In 2018, the American Society of Engineering Edu- cation named Dr. LeBlanc one of its ”20 Under 40 High-achieving Researchers and Educators,” and she received the National Science Foundation CAREER award in 2020. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Studying the Formation of Engineers: A Case Study of a Higher Education Learning

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ramsin Khoshabeh, University of California, San Diego; Vikash Gilja

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

and software to interface with the world. In thispaper, we discuss our motivations, the design of the course, what we have learned from teachingthe course, and where we see the future of experiential education heading, especially in light ofthe COVID-19 pandemic and the need for highly effective remote instruction. We believe thatthe model we have created in this classroom experience successfully prepares students for therigors of an engineering career.Our ECE department has a rich history of exemplary theoretical teaching, with a strong emphasison research, but undergraduate students felt a void in how to apply that knowledge intoengineering practice, especially in future careers. This is why in recent years we have stronglyfocused on

Conference Session

TELPhE Division Technical Session 1: Expanding Technological and Engineering Literacies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel; James Righter, The Citadel; Nathan John Washuta P.E., The Citadel; Kevin Skenes, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

Outcomes to ABETThe National Academy of Engineering’s Understanding the Educational and Career Pathways ofEngineers indicates that the engineering labor force in this country consists of three segmentswith some overlap between them:  Those who work in engineering occupations without an engineering degree,  Those who work in engineering occupations with engineering degrees,  And those who do not work in engineering occupations but have engineering degreesEach category listed above consisted of 1.7 to 3.2 million people, a significant quantity of theengineering workforce. The report also stated that engineering is a dynamic and evolvingdiscipline and practice that incorporates knowledge from different fields and employs a wide-ranging