Conference Session

K-12 & Pre- College Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Wilson Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Michael Hannigan, University of Colorado - Boulder; Madeline Polmear, University of Colorado, Boulder; Lisa Gardiner, UCAR Center for Science Education; Katya Anna Hafich, University of Colorado - Boulder; Ashley Monika Collier, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

-generation, low-cost, air quality monitoring systems – termed Pods.These are used to educate students on air quality and energy development issues, as well as byK-12 students to collect data to answer a research question. In terms of structure, a graduatestudent works with teachers and students in the classroom on a monthly basis and assistsremotely as necessary. The entire administration of the project (including curriculum andstudents projects) typically spans a school year. The curriculum is comprised of modules whichprovide students with: (1) an introduction to air quality and air quality measurements, (2) anopportunity to practice air quality data collection, (3) an opportunity to practice air quality dataanalysis, (4) an introduction to study

Conference Session

Topics in Computing and Information Technologies I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Benin, U.S. Coast Guard Academy; Scott Thomas Howie, United States Coast Guard Academy; Benjamin B Hannon, USCGA; Nicholas Williamson, United States Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

the cyber security realm within the Coast Guard and in the private sector after my military career. Page 26.1071.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Learning IPv6: Becoming a Subject Matter Expert of a Technical Topic through a Year-Long Capstone Design ProjectIntroductionThe purpose of education remains the subject of much vigorous debate and discussion. Educationhas been a part of the development of humans from the earliest times to the present with manydifferent perspectives [1-4]. While university education contains many pedagogical aspects, theconcept of a

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rodney Boehm, Texas A&M University - Dwight Look College of Engineering; Magdalini Z Lagoudas, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Bridge: Linking Engineeringand Society, two papers highlighted the need to bring experiential learning opportunities toengineering education. Ambrose stated “experiential learning opportunities prompt learningwhen students are put in unfamiliar situations for which they are not prepared and yet must act inorder to get a job done.” [1]. Further, Stephens highlighted the need for diverse skills by stating“Today’s engineers need to be not only technically strong but also creative and able to work wellin teams, communicate effectively, and create products that are useful in the “real world””. [2].In addition, research conducted in two Intensive Innovation Experiences, called Aggies Invent,indicates that over 90% of the student participants agree or

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Ranalli, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton; Jacob Preston Moore, Pennsylvania State University, Mont Alto

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

may be especially true for new educators, who may be simultaneouslyworking to establish practical classroom experience. This paper provides an overview of onenovel pedagogical practice, mastery grading, and provides experience from a new educatorimplementing the technique for the first time. This guidance may help alleviate challenges facingother educators hoping to implement this technique and may shorten the “start-up period”associated with trying out new classroom practices. It is hoped that this will reduce fear aboutimpacts on teaching evaluations and increase the accessibility of the method, especially amongnew tenure track faculty [1].1.1 What is Mastery GradingIn this paper, the term mastery grading refers to assessment techniques

Conference Session

Development of Collaborative Skills in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele M. Herrmann Esq., Mississippi State University; Lyndsey N. Miller, Allied ASID, IDEC; Alexis Gregory, Mississippi State University; J. Suzanne Powney, Mississippi State University, Department of Art,

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

, collaboration, and the other disciplines changedbecause of the competition. Seventy-eight fourth-year students took part in the competition: 26architecture students, 19 construction students, 14 graphic design students, and 19 interior designstudents. Seventy students completed the initial survey, for a response rate of 95%, and 63students completed the final survey, for a response rate of 81%. The discipline-specific genderdistribution for the 34 males and 44 females taking part in the competition is shown in Figure 1,below. 20   18   16   14   12   10   8   6   Female   4   2

Conference Session

First Year Programs Division Poster Session: The Best Place to Really Talk about First-Year Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Todd R Hamrick, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

outcomes. Additionally,transition issues from pilot to regular course and solutions to implementation difficulties aredescribed. Future work toward continuous improvement is also considered. This work extendsand expands upon previously published conference proceedings by following students after pilotcourses, and by describing the process, challenges, and efficacy of solutions in transitioning frompilot to regular course.Introduction and BackgroundWest Virginia University (WVU) uses a common first year engineering curriculum, includingtwo consecutive introductory courses in engineering problem solving, This has become commonfirst year engineering curricula in many institutions.1-4 Of interest in this work is the secondcourse, which is taught as a

Conference Session

Course Development / Curriculum Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrick E. Connolly, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

-depth understanding of users, stakeholders, and their goals. This understanding is oftensummarized in a user profile or persona and leads to deriving specific designrequirements for the new product. Another core characteristic is the iterative integrationof user feedback throughout various stages of development, beginning with the earlyconceptual stages. In this paper, we explain how we adapted techniques from user-centered design to create a learner-centered curriculum.Step 1: Understanding Clients, Stakeholders, and the ProblemThe first step in the user-centered design process requires that we understand theproblem, the client, the stakeholders, and the users13. In this particular situation, we canthink of the higher administrative bodies

Conference Session

Various Prospectives in Power Systems

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Villeneuve, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

pprotective rellays and systtem design. This d as a basis forpaper willl describe th he efforts pu ut forth by faaculty and stuudents to deevelop the labb. It willdescribe some of the lab procedu ures. Finallyy, it will provvide the readder with som me informatioon todevelop their t own rellay lab. Fig gure 1 – Typ pical Relay L Lab StationIntrodu uctionThe electtric power geeneration an nd delivery in

Conference Session

Interest and Movitation: Formulating New Paradigms to Increase URM Participation in Engineering

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Christe, Drexel University; Arpit Shah, Drexel University; Jay J. Bhatt, Drexel University; Marisol Rodriguez Mergenthal, Drexel University; Linda Powell, Community College of Philadelphia; Antonios Kontsos, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

mentoring, and summer bridge programs,6, 7 to be described in thenext sections. Page 26.1300.3 (a) (b)Figure 1: (a) A side-by-side comparison showing the extent of the mismatch in the demographics of the United States adultpopulation versus those of the STEM workforce.4 (b) A pronounced increase in the fraction of minority school age-children overa twenty year period highlights the urgency of raising minority participation and performance in STEM.5 Page 26.1300.4The Role of Community Colleges in

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen J. Ressler, U.S. Military Academy; Thomas A. Lenox , Dist.M.ASCE, F.ASEE, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

National Council of Examinersfor Engineering and Surveying (NCEES)—a national nonprofit federation that includes theengineering and surveying licensure boards from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam,Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.1 NCEES’s Model Law and Model Rules facilitateprofessional mobility, promote uniformity of licensure processes across the U.S., and advancethe qualifications for licensure to protect the public interest.State licensure boards are composed primarily of practicing licensed professional engineers, whotypically have two to five decades of practical experience. However, most board members donot have the expertise to evaluate the details of an individual candidate’s educational credentials,as reflected in

Conference Session

Statics and Finite Element Analysis

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah C. Baxter, University of St. Thomas; Ann Johnson, University of South Carolina; Bethany S. Fralick, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

significant part of static analysis and design was done using the tools ofGraphical Statics. Graphical Statics is based on the graphical method of adding vectors; briefly,when vectors are drawn to scale, the sum of the vectors, a resultant, can be measured on thedrawing. The roots of using graphical methods to solve engineering problems can be traced backto Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo Galilei. German engineer Karl Culmann, however, is generallyconsidered the father of graphical statics.1 Early works formalized these methods forengineering,2 and the topic is of on-going interest in teaching structural design to architecturestudents,3,4 and in emphasizing the significance of form in design to civil engineeringstudents.5,6,7The methods existed as a

Conference Session

Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Mitchell, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; John M. Keller, California Polytechnic State University; Victor M Castillo Jr, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

used here to model environments. Students useseveral pre-made models, within which various environmental parameters can be adjusted. Students canplay with the parameters, transform the environment, and see the consequences as they run the simulation.Activity #1: Stream TablesThe first activity has students use stream tables to investigate the erosion of a streambed and the associatedgeologic features it creates. Students make observations about the erosional features that appear in thestreambed. A class discussion about their observations follows, embedded in the larger context of thecourse. This is the only activity that uses an actual stream table.Activity #2: Introduction to NetLogoThe first computer-based erosion simulation is a virtual

Conference Session

Educational Strategies in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James B Guthrie P.E., California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

completion of this course, students should have the ability to: 1. Create preliminary vertical and lateral structural systems that are integrated with a comprehensive architectural design. a. Develop structural framing configurations based on Page 26.1407.5 conventional systems. b. Develop preliminary designs, integrated with studio projects, for vertical and lateral load resisting systems including preliminary sizes for slabs, beams, columns, walls and braces

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Program Development & Desired Outcomes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sergio Celis, Universidad de Chile; Aileen Huang-Saad, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. According totheir model, there are three primary influences on student outcomes: student pre-collegecharacteristics and experiences, organizational context and peer environment (Table 1). Page 26.1431.4    Table 1: Terenzini and Reason Conceptual Framework of College Impact: Primary Influences inStudent Learning (adapted from Terenzini and Reason (2005)8.Primary Influence ExamplesStudent Pre-college Characteristics Socio-demographic traitsand Experiences Academic preparation and performance Personal and

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Pre-college Student Experiences

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rhonda Kay Gaede, University of Alabama, Huntsville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

to increased self-efficacy in STEM fields and increased interest in pursuing a career in science or technology.Additionally, girls participating nationally in Tech Trek camps report large increases in comfort,enjoyment and interest in pursuing a career in programming as a result of taking core classes inmobile app development using App Inventor from MIT.1.0 Introduction The American Association of University Women (AAUW) research report ”Why SoFew? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)”[1] found thatwomen are vastly underrepresented in STEM majors and fields compared with their male peers.But “Why So Few?” also showed that those numbers can change when girls realize theirpotential in STEM at an early

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone and Collaborative Projects

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Pringle, Central Washington University; Craig Johnson P.E., Central Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, the focus shifts downthrough the survey questions. The responses on the survey did not affect the students score onthe survey. They received full credit for completing the survey.Results:The RADD results in Table 1 shows data for the past 10 years. From Fall of 2004 to Fall of 2014the results show an improvement demonstrating that as an assessment tool, RADD is working.Table 1. RADD Results. YEAR Require Stdev 3i Analysis Stdev 3k Design Drawing Sample -ments Sample 3k (Ave) Sample 3d (Ave) 3g (Ave) Size 3i (Ave) Size Size 2004-5, Fall 60.0 67.0 51.0 39.0 13 2005-6, Fall 73.0

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Retention of Undergraduate Students

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Whitney Winders; Cariana Cornel; Caralea Cornel, Brigham Young University; Allie Larson; Sarah A. Cunha; Samuel Moses, Brigham Young University; Dale C. Rowe, Brigham Young University; Laura Wilkinson, Brigham Young University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

security. She currently volunteers on the BYU red team, and is the CCDC coordinator for the school. Page 26.437.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Cyber War is not Gender War: Experiences of Creating a Productive Heterogeneous Environment in Cybersecurity ResearchAbstractWhile degree enrollments continue to see an increase in female enrollment, there remains adistinct gender gap in STEM disciplines 1. In particular, the Technology and Computing spacehave always struggled to recruit and retain women. A similar trend is seen

Conference Session

Construction Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Lopez Del Puerto, University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez ; Omar I. Molina-Bas, University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez; Darwin Serrano Maldonado, University of Puerto Rico

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Engineering and Managementfaculty members and graduates students was created to facilitate collaboration among the threeparties involved. The partnering model shown in figure 1 can be beneficial to all parties involved.Having graduate CEM students working in real university projects benefits the university bylowering the costs that they would ordinarily incur by either having their architecture/engineeringteam and General Service’s staff or outside consultants working in the pre-construction phase of aproject. It benefits CEM faculty who supervise the graduate students because it provides themrelevant and current experience working on projects and an opportunity to interact with campusadministrators and personnel outside their department. Finally and

Conference Session

Subjects in Renewable Energy and Sustainability in ET

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yeong Ryu, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Hazem Tawfik, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Brandon Scott Weisberg, Farmingdale State College; Daniel Joseph Boss; Gonca Altuger-Genc, State University of New York, Farmingdale

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

associated manufacturing processes tofabricate bipolar plates. Students will be assessed based upon their efficiency and precision insetting up the fixture and the following careful implementation of the fuel cell purifier platemachining process. Fixture Design to Supplement Machining and Fuel Cell EducationIntroductionIn the modern era of exponential technological expansion and innovation, the future of the fieldrelies heavily upon the advancement and education of the manufacturing process. According toan article regarding the United States GDP (Gross Domestic Product), “Manufacturing industriesgenerated $2.1 trillion in GDP (12.5 percent of total U.S. gross domestic product) in 2013.” (1)This percentage of United States GDP contributed by

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel P. Kelly, North Carolina State University; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University; Jeremy V. Ernst, Virginia Tech; Kevin Gregory Sutton, North Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

become moreprevalent. An index analysis of more than 12,000 journals and 160,000 conference proceedingswas conducted to determine the extent and nature of flipped classroom research. The searchterms flipped classroom, flipped instruction, inverted instruction, and inverted classroom wereused. The phenomenon appears to gain traction in 2010. Three scholarly research articles werepublished in 2010 and papers on the topic continue to be published every year with 137published articles in 2015 (Figure 1). However, with only 300 total articles, there is a notabledearth in the literature given the focus of the flipped classroom in traditional formal education.When the search is narrowed to engineering education, the number of articles is

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 2

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James O'Brien, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Gergely Sirokman, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Franz J Rueckert, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

undergraduate science research into our institute's curriculum issupported by a significant amount of research into the impact of such activities on scholarlyachievement in a number of fields. David Lopatto has published extensively on the positiveimpact of undergraduate research on academic programs. [1-5] Undergraduate research is shownin these publications to be key to producing engaged scientists for the future. Hinkel and Henke[6] show explicitly the positive impact participation in undergraduate programs has on futurestudent achievement and employment. In light of this information it is almost unforgivable not tooffer these opportunities to students who are willing to avail themselves of them.Science research courses give students the opportunity

Conference Session

Virtual and Web Learning in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle Joe Branch, University of Utah; Anthony Butterfield, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

a “Duckling”, when they reach level 6 they become a“Terran SCV”, and at level 15, their title is “Maxwell’s Demon”.Figure 1: A screenshot of the User Hub on vSTEM.org, as seen by an administrator. The website looksvery similar as a student or instructor, with a few icons changed, as distinguished in the figure.Team-working EvaluationsFinally, we use vSTEM to create student teams. For each course project we assign teams of threefor students to work in. Projects typically last one to two weeks. Using vSTEM, students are ableto see who their team members are and share their email address or phone number with theirteam if they desire. This can help students contact each other if they need to work on theirproject outside of class time

Conference Session

First-Year Issues in ECE Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Backens, Christopher Newport University; Anton Riedl, Christopher Newport University; C. Gerousis, Christopher Newport University; Dali Wang, Christopher Newport University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

retentionrates. Then we will include descriptions of the newly designed first year engineering course, withdetailed information about our team-based projects. We will discuss both benefits and potentialpitfalls of this restructuring. Finally, retention data and trends will be discussed with someconclusions.IntroductionEngineering programs at universities and colleges across the country are faced with increasingdemands for high quality engineering graduates to meet the government’s goal of producing onemillion new STEM graduates by 2022 1. In support of this goal, the National ScienceFoundation has budgeted $135 million for 2016 to support the retention of STEM students 2 withadditional support coming at the state and university level. This recent

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dustin Jack Hallenbeck, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown; Tumkor Serdar, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

report a lightweight frame design usingadditive manufacturing. A solid frame is redesigned to maximize its strength to weight ratio byincreasing the amount of material in high stress areas, while decreasing material in other areaswith lower stress concentrations in order to optimize the lightweight capabilities while maintainingstructural integrity.1. IntroductionAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is still a fairly new manufacturing process. The process starts bytaking a 3D part and breaking it down into 2D cross sectional areas, while giving a finite thickness1.Additive manufacturing provides the opportunity to manufacture integrated components that aredifficult to make as a single component with other manufacturing processes. It is predicted

Conference Session

Research Methods II: Meeting the Challenges of Engineering Education Research

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reed Stevens, Northwestern University; Alexandra Vinson, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

subsequently, their employers disallowedtheir participation for one reason or another. Following this outcome, in the second recruitmentphase, we decided to add another strategy to our recruitment efforts, what we are calling amediated recruitment strategy, in which we initially approached supervisory representatives inengineering organizations, established their initial interest, and subsequently sought to workwithin their organizational processes to ultimately invite a new engineer to participate, havingcleared all the organizational hurdles.Figure 1 (below) provides a synoptic image of the different points along the mediatedrecruitment ‘gauntlet.’ We have come to call this ‘the gauntlet’ because (as of the drafting of thismanuscript) only three

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Diane Stine, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

available for free on YouTube.Figure 1 illustrates how the perspective of a new technologies market potential differs from oneperspective to another. Figure1:DifferentPerspectivesofanEmergingTechnology’sMarketPotential Exemplar student projects in the first three years illustrate how students apply the principles ofnon-market analysis for real world clients in fields such as water and air drones, autonomouscars, hydropower, biodiesel trucks, smart traffic lights, bike sensors, wearable technologies,edible electronics, and environmental technologies. Feedback from clients and students illustratethe utility of the course.Faculty in other universities can teach a

Conference Session

Promoting Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College-Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

is illustrated by some of the presentations at the 2013 annual conference shown inexhibit 1.Only one of the presentations came from outside the US, in this case, TheUniversity of Buenos Aires. The programme inadvertently highlights one of the dilemmasfacing those who would promote technological literacy namely, that it is all too often taken Application of peer-reviewed journal articles for enhancing technological literacy (Brooks, R.M., Cetin, M., Kavuturu, J and Al-Maghrabi, M-N). Demonstration of electrical principles in the classroom by hydraulic analogues (Graff, R. W and P. R. Leiffer). Waves of engineering: using a mini-wave flume to foster engineering literacy (Lyman-Holt, A. L and L. C Ribichaux). Simulating interest in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Perry Fizzano, Western Washington University; David Hartenstine, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

took four years to grow to its full size. We have recently submitted a new S-STEM proposal that, if funded, will initiate a design and development project that will include quantitative and qualitative assessment of the achievement of the programs ultimate goals, which include shifting the demographics of graduates at our institution and observing continued employment of CS/M Scholars in their field.1 Program Description1.1 RecruitmentWith the aid of staff in the Office of Admissions, we invite high-achievingfemale applicants with leadership potential to submit a short application. Indeciding whom to invite, we consider several broad measures of academic andpersonal achievement and don’t require that applicants

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angeles Dominguez, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM) and Universidad Andres Bello; Jorge Eugenio de la Garza Becerra, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

groupsof three, they took pictures of their whiteboards, and all pictures were stored in a repository for all(students, instructors and researchers) to review. When students worked individually, instructorsassessed their learning based on their written solutions. The analysis of the whiteboards confirmedthat at the beginning of the semester students used few representations, whereas by the end of itthey were incorporating congruently more than ten different representations, making their modelsmore robust.1. IntroductionIn the past four years, a special course has been taught in a private university in northern Mexico.While this is not the first course that has attempted to integrate two different subjects, even withinthe same university where this

Collection

2013 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Robert Avanzato

platform provides animmersive environment which supports the team design process, the reviewprocess and the presentation process.There are examples of successful utilization of virtual worlds to supportcollaborative design in the literature.Ehsani and Chase [1] discuss the uses ofvirtual worlds with distributed design teams to reduce the time to developprototypes and reduce overall costs, and they included the review of several case Proceedings of the Spring 2013 Mid-Atlantic Section Conference of the American Society of Engineering Education 15studies in the architectural and construction field. One such