Conference Session

International Case Studies, Collaborations and Interactions

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charlie Edmonson, University of Dayton; Donna Summers, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

International

2006-69: CREATING CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING IN ENGINEERINGTECHNOLOGY CURRICULACharlie Edmonson, University of Dayton CHARLIE P. EDMONSON is an Associate Professor and Program Coordinator of Industrial Engineering Technology at the University of Dayton. Prior to joining the faculty at UD, he retired from the U. S. Air Force after 30 years of engineering design, industrial engineering, and experience at various levels of management.Donna Summers, University of Dayton Donna C.S. Summers, Ph.D. is a professor of Industrial Engineering Technology at the University of Dayton. Her major areas of concentration are Quality Assurance and Human Factors. She has published two texts: Quality and Quality

Conference Session

Multimedia and Distance Learning in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yongjin Kwon, Drexel University; William Brownlowe, Montgomery County Community College; Vladimir Genis, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

-658.10. E.P. Papadakis. 1980, Challenges and Opportunities for Nondestructive Inspection Technology in the High-Volume Durable Goods Industry. Mat. Evaluation, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 122-130.11. Ahmad, S., 1988, A laboratory experiment to teach some concepts on sensor-based robot Assembly systems, IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 74-84.12. Kikuchi, T., Fukuda, S., Fukuzaki, A., Nagaoka, K., Tanaka, K., Kenjo, T. & Harris, D.A., 2004, DVTS-based remote laboratory across the Pacific over the gigabit network, IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 26-32.13. Guimaraes, E., Maffeis, A., Pereira, J., Russo, B., Cardozo, E., Bergerman, M. & Magalhaes, M.F., 2003, REAL: a virtual laboratory for mobile

Conference Session

Building a Community in Materials

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Gray

Tagged Divisions

Materials

scaleapplications within the military sector during WWII and the late 1940’s and early 1950’s. Theunique combination of performance benefits offered by composite materials has now propelledits use into almost every industry sector within today’s global economy. Composites or morespecifically, Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP), consist of a polymer matrix, usually a thermosetplastic and a variety of reinforcements, including glass, carbon (graphite) and aramid (Kevlar)fibers. It is this unique combination of complementary properties that, when combined, create anentirely new material with very specific characteristics. This makes the design and use ofcomposites more desirable than some of the more traditional materials in many different

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Division Poster Sessions

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Rufe, Eastern Michigan University; Gary Rodak, Eastern Michigan University; Scott Pollock, Eastern Michigan University; Mary Finkel, Eastern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Technologist at S-3 Engineering in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in Manufacturing Technology from Eastern Michigan University, graduating Cum Laude in December of 2004; and was awarded an Excellence in Manufacturing scholarship. She is a member of various professional societies such as Society of Automotive Engineers, Society of Plastics Engineers, the Engineering Society of Detroit and the Society of Manufacturing Engineers - from which she earned her Manufacturing Technologist Certification. She is currently a Manufacturing Engineer at Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance in Dundee, MI

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Berdanier, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Constructively about Science, Technology and Society Education, State University of New York Press: Albany, NY, 1992.3. Nair, I., Jones, S., and White, J., (2002), “A Curriculum to Enhance Environmental Literacy,” Journal of Engineering Education, January, 57-67.4. Poole, S., DeGrazia, J., and Sullivan, J., (2001), “Assessing K-12 Pre-Engineering Outreach Programs,” Journal of Engineering Education, 43-48.5. Sutliff, R., and Baldwin, V., (2001), “Learning Styles: Teaching Technology Subjects can be More Effective,” Journal to Technology Studies, Wi-Sp, 22-27.6. Waller, A., (2003), “Active Learning Techniques: Getting Students to Think During Class,” Workshop Presented at Ohio Northern University, TJ Smull College of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wenshen Pong; Tim Le, San Francisco State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Laboratoryfor the School Preview and Summer Program for High School Students. The equipment willbecome an important part of our outreach events and summer program for promising high schoolstudents from backgrounds underrepresented in the engineering profession.Reference:1. SFSU Civil Engineering Curriculum Mission Statements, Internal Report by School of Engineering, San Francisco State University (2003).2. Sabatini, D.A., Teaching and Research Synergism: the Undergraduate Research Experience, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, Vol. 123, No.3, 98-102 (July 1997).3. Jenkins, S. R., Pocock, J.B., Zuraski, P.D., Meade, R.B., Mitchell, Z.W. and Farrington, J.J., Capstone Course in an Integrated

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beverly Withiam, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown; Susan Dawkins, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown; Robert Martinazzi, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown

students were not required Page 11.650.3to complete any formal assignments. Attendance was used as the sole means of evaluation andthe grading was on a Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U) basis. Each student signed in at the startof every class by completing a form on which they identified the speaker of the day and wroteand signed their name. Students were permitted to miss two classes throughout the term.Students that receive an unsatisfactory grade are required to complete an assignment or taskdetermined by the senior faculty member to have the grade changed to satisfactory. Studentswere never formally surveyed to gauge their reaction to the course

Conference Session

Software Engineering Teaching Methods and Practice

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Tsui, Southern Polytechnic State University; Orlando Karam, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

. 4. Dutoit, A.H. and Bruegge, B. (1998) “Communication Metrics for Software Development,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 24 no. 8, August 1998, pp 615-628. 5. Kaushik, S. (2001) “A Study of Attributes of Communications as They Relate to Software Development,” Master’s Research Project, Southern Polytechnic State University, 2001. 6. Cockburn, A. (2000) “Selecting A Project’s Methodology,” IEEE Software, July/August 2000, pp 64-71. 7. Roberts, T.L., Cheney, P.H., Sweeney, P.D. (2002), “Project Characteristics and Group Communication: An Investigation,” IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, vol.45, no.2, June, 2002, pp 84 – 96. 8. Hirschheim, R. and Newman, M

Conference Session

Mechanical/Manufacturing ET Design Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Watkins, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Michael Smith, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

numerous options to students, such asmethod such as what material(s) to use for the frame and fairing, what fabrication method(s) to employ and what drive system to utilize. The Pugh method of selection analysis can be an ideal tool for illustrating the importance of decision making early in the design process.The role of analysis This project offers many opportunities for students to apply principlesin design: learned in the classroom. Examples may include a shear & moment diagram to fully understand a beam’s loading, Mohr’s circle to learn the combined affects of bending and shear in a drive axle

Conference Session

Design of Laboratory Experiments

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Rubaai, Howard University; James Johnson, Howard University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

with respect to therobustness concepts. The discussion by the students can address the effect of the externaldisturbance on the performance of the system. At this stage, the design appears to be satisfactoryeven under sudden external disturbance. Disturbance at 5s Disturbance at 45s Disturbance at 24s Disturbance at 6s Disturbance at 14s Disturbance at 38s Disturbance at 18s Disturbance at 37s Fig. 15 Square-wave position tracking, Fig. 16 Sine-wave position tracking, X=5 s/div, Y=10 rev/div X=5 s/div, Y=10 rev

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Methods in IE Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judith Norback, Georgia Institute of Technology; Ron Billings, Georgia Institute of Technology; Garlie Forehand, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

. Bibliography1 Griffin, P.; Griffin, S.; & Llewellyn, D., “The Impact of Group Size and Project Duration on CapstoneDesign,” Journal of Engineering Education, v93, n5 (July 2004): 217-222.2 ABET requirements “2000-2001 Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs,” Accreditation Board ofEngineering and Technology, Baltimore, 2000.3 Norback, J. Shaul; McNair, L.; & Forehand, G.A., “Improving Audience Analysis of Real-World Clients Page 11.665.7in Industrial Engineering Senior Design.” Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for EngineeringEducation Conference, June 2005.4 Norback, J. Shaul, and Hardin, J. Integrating Workforce

Conference Session

International Exchange/Joint Programs in Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Rowe, Sheffield Hallam University; Tim Mulroy, Sheffield Hallam University; Ian Robinson, Sheffield Hallam University; Boon Han Lye, Kolej Bandar Utama International College

Tagged Divisions

International

whereby an academic member of staff from another HEI is appointed toprovide oversight of the operation of courses, normally from a subject point of view. This processoperates universally in the UK and with the SHU/KBU scheme the external examiner appointed tothe SHU course(s) will also support the KBU course(s).DiscussionTwo examples of international inter-institutional partnerships have been described here and anumber of observations can be made about them. Firstly, in both cases the fundamental drivingforce behind the developments has been student demand, whilst the institutional pull has beenmore complex. In the case of the SHU-TARC partnership the decade long gestation of theprogramme is evidence of both groups of engineering academics

Conference Session

Moral Development, Engineering Pedagogy and Ethics Instruction

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christan Whysong, Virginia Tech; Jenny Lo, Virginia Tech; Kumar Mallikarjunan, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

cattle. The moral theory of virtue ethics mayalso be introduced at this level. The following is more information on these case studies.Genetic engineering also occurs in animals raised for consumption. In the mid-1980’s theBeltsville research facility, operated by the United States Department of Agriculture, worked toincrease the growth rate of pigs by incorporating a gene coding for human growth hormone intothe genome of the pig embryos. These pigs, known as the Beltsville pigs, created negative presswhen they developed spinal deformities and severe arthritis, became cross-eyed or blind, andwere impotent.8Although similar transgenic animals would contribute to the food production and perhaps to theprofits being made in the industry, one must

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krisztian Dancs, University of North Florida; Vanja Gadzic, University of North Florida; Tyler Dao, University of North Florida; Truong Nguyen, University of North Florida; Chiu Choi, University of North Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

four control systems. Eleven commands were devisedto control the vehicle’s functions: 1. “A” – accelerate (depress gas pedal) 2. “S” – decelerate (release gas pedal) 3. “B” – brake (apply brake) 4. “U” – release brake 5. “P” – move transmission stick to Park Page 11.139.15 6. “R” – move transmission stick to Reverse 7. “N” – move transmission stick to Neutral 8. “D” – move transmission stick to Drive 9. “F” – steer left 10. “H” – hold the current steering wheel position 11. “J” – steer rightThe program did not support multi-tasking, for

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum & non-Technical Skills

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Dues, Purdue University-New Albany

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

calculations needed.1 FEArequires an extremely large number of calculations to solve and is only practical today due tomodern advances in computer speed and capacity. In the 1970’s, general purpose finite elementsoftware was developed due to the increasing availability and power of digital computers.Digital computers in the form of mainframe computers provided an efficient tool to performfinite element calculations. Since then, computer hardware has rapidly increased in speed and Page 11.264.2storage capacity and the FEA software has gained better interfaces, pre and post processing ofthe data and improved graphics.2Since the early days of FEA, there

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

throughShockley-Haynes experiment” which illustrates the concept of carrier action in semiconductors.A final project on solar cell application provides students with the real world design experience.In the future, the structure of the course will be modified continually to increase the effectivenessof students’ learning. More challenge-based learning techniques will be incorporated.AcknowledgementsThe author would like to thank Professors Harold Larson and Hugh Jack for the valuable discussions during thedevelopment of this course.Bibliography 1. Murarka, S. P. and Peckerar, M. C., “Electronic Materials, Science and Technology”. Academic Press, 1989. 2. Streetman, B. G. and Banerjee S. K., “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Prentice Hall

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

. W18x46 6.20 k HS S 4x 4x 1/4 W12x35 8.16 k W18x46 HS S 4x 4x 1

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

JoDell Steuver, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

organization during the memorable semester. Page 11.1444.9 Donated Foods for Spaghetti Dinner 90 80 70 60 pounds 50 40 30 20 10 0 er ti p es s

Conference Session

ECE Pedagogy and Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joni Spurlin, North Carolina State University; Hatice Ozturk, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

of the UNESCO-ASPEN Workshop on Active Learning in Physics, Univ. of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, December 2002. 8. R.R. Hake, “Interactive engagement versus traditional methods: a six thousand student survey of mechanics test for introductory physics courses”, American Journal of Physics, Vol. 66, pp. 64-74, (1998) 9. Zeilik, M., C. Schau, N. Mattern. Conceptual astronomy. II. Replicating conceptual gains, probing attitude changes across three semesters. Am. J. Phys. 67(10): 923-927, 1999. 10. Zeilik, M. 2002 "Birth of the Astronomy Diagnostic Test: Prototest Evolution," Astronomy Education Review 1(2); online at . 11. Allgood, S. & W.B. Walstad. 1999. "The longitudinal effects of economic education on teachers

Conference Session

Digital Communications Systems

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Hoffbeck, University of Portland; Andrew Melton, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Spectrum Analyzer Antenna Figure 1: Experimental Setup for Most of the Database RecordingsThe Tektronix RSA3408A Real Time Spectrum Analyzer captures the inphase component x(n)and quadrature component y(n) of the complex envelope[4] of the signal as shown in Figure 2.The value of the center frequency ω c in Figure 2 is determined by the center frequency setting ofthe spectrum analyzer. The decimate operations reduce the amount of data required to representthe signal. LPF Decimate by X N x(n) ADC 2cos(ωcnT) s(t

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Scachitti, Purdue University-Calumet; Heather Woodward-Hagg, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Lash Mapa, Purdue University-Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

withIET faculty at IUPUI on this long term initiative to apply expertise in QualityManagement to the Healthcare Industry focusing on the Northwestern Indiana/ SouthSuburban Chicago regions. Purdue West Lafayette faculty and Purdue North Centralfaculty joined the effort in Fall 2005.Use of IE techniques in healthcareNoted pioneer of IE techniques, Frank B. Gilbreth, realized the beneficial application ofthe IE profession in the healthcare arena in the early 1900’s. He witnessed hundreds ofsurgical operations and began intensive studies with hospitals in 1910 including workwith the Mayo Clinic. One of his most noted improvements resulting from these studieswas the now common practice of doctors, as they perform an operation, to extend theirhand and

Conference Session

Practice/Partnership/Program Issues

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edmond Saliklis, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

. and Roth, M. (2004) “Undergraduate Research: The Lafayette Experience”, Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition.(8) Saliklis, E., Kurtz, S. and Furnbach, S. (2003) “Finite Element Modeling of Guastavino Tiled Arches”, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture, Halkidiki, Greece, pp. 257-266.(9) Saliklis, E., Billington, D. and Tregger, N. (2004) “Buckling Studies of the Trojan Tower” Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Natural Draught Cooling Towers, May 20- 22, Istanbul, Turkey, 115-120.(10) Saliklis, E. and Billington D. (2003) “The Hershey Arena: Anton Tedesko’s

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Michigan Technological University (MichiganTech). This paper details the course objectives and design, the educational modelsinfluencing its form, and some preliminary outcomes.Learning PreferencesThere are several methods to assess learning preferences1. One method applicable toscience and engineering students is the Index of Learning Styles2. This forty-fourquestion assessment is easily administered via a web-based questionnaire3. In this methodlearning preferences are determined with results along a spectrum of four learningpairings: sensing-intuitive, global-sequential, active-reflective, and verbal-visual. No twostudents learn exactly alike. Learning style is simply a preferred way of learning – oftenthe way(s) that knowledge “sticks” most

Conference Session

Achieving the Civil Engineering Body of Knowlegde

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fred Meyer, U.S. Military Academy; Allen Estes, U.S. Military Academy; Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy; David Winget, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

others have noted5. Further use in CE492 will establish historical data that willassist in identifying the effectiveness of changes to address program shortcomings.References1. Meyer, K., Morris, M., Estes, A., and Ressler, S. “How to Kill Two Birds with One Stone – Assigning Grades and Assessing Program Goals at the Same Time.” Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference. American Society for Engineering Education. June 2005. Session 1834.2. Welch, R., Estes, A., Winget, D., “Assessment of Squishier Outcomes: Open-Ended Problem Solving through Client-Based Projects,” Proceedings of the 2005 ABET National Conference. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. November 2005.3. Farmer, D.W

Conference Session

Mechanical ET Design & Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Cooley, Purdue University-New Albany; Terrence O'Connor, Purdue University-New Albany

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, with its characteristic parabolic shape, and overlaying thehorizontal (X) and vertical (Y) distances required for impact. Next the chronometric method wasanalyzed. V (X) V (Y) Deviation from Kinematic Sources V (q) 39.00 37.00 Velo city D eviatio n , (fp s) 35.00 33.00

Conference Session

Programs for High School Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Rousche, University of Illinois-Chicago; Michael Cho, University of Illinois-Chicago; Yang Dai, University of Illinois-Chicago; Hui Lu, University of Illinois-Chicago; J Hetling, University of Illinois-Chicago; jie liang, University of Illinois-Chicago; Susan McCormick, University of Illinois-Chicago; David Schneeweis, University of Illinois-Chicago; Richard Magin, University of Illinois-Chicago

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

timecommitment incumbent on all participating faculty. The administration/college/departmentmust be willing to provide lab supplies, faculty summer salary, graduate student assistantsalaries, and extensive clerical and planning support. Decisions on whether to implementsuch a program must obviously be made on a case-by-case basis. With essentials in placehowever, a bioengineering camp could be offered yearly and become a fixture on the 9-12academic scene. We suggest that similar programs could easily be implemented in any of theother engineering disciplines.VI. ReferencesMalgorzata S. Zywno, Member, IEEE, Kimberley A. Gilbride, Peter D. Hiscocks,Judith K. Waalen, and Diane C. Kennedy, Member, IEEE , Attracting Women intoEngineering: A Case Study

Conference Session

New trends in ECE education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qian Du, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

applications. They alsomake the historically boring classes much more interesting. They may even inspire someinterested students get into these research areas. Up to now, the preliminary outcome includesvery positive feedback.The extension of this experience to an undergraduate-level course, MA4533/6533 Probabilityand Random Processes, is also discussed. Basically, a project in ECE8803 will be cut intoseveral small projects for MA4533/6533. Considering the background level of ourundergraduates, more explanation work needs to be done before project assignments. This alsorequires a smooth collaboration between faculty members in the ECE and MATH departments.References1. A. Papoulis and S. U. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes

Conference Session

Visualization

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Study, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

/reports.html 4 Virginia State University admissions requirements. Retrieved September 27, 2005, from http://www.vsu.edu/docs/admission%20requirements.doc 5 National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics. (2003). Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2002, NSF 03-312. Arlington, VA. 6 Ahuja, S. (2005). Including math remediation in a 1st semester engineering technology course. Abstract submitted for the 2006 Southeastern Section Conference, Tuscaloosa, AL. 7 African-American college graduation rates: Intolerably low, and not catching up to whites. (2002, October 31). The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 37(89), 89-105. 8 Guay, R.B. (1980

Conference Session

Successful Grant Proposals

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Kuyath, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering Educators Annual Conference and Exposition, 2005, Portland, OR[3] Clark, J.V., Minorities in Science and Mathematics: A Challenge for Change, Virginia Parent Information and Resource Center, 2000[4] Clark, J. V., Minorities in Science and Math, ERIC Clearinghouse for Science Mathematics and Environmental Education, ED433216, May 1999[5] Milbourne, L. A., Encouraging Girls in Science and Math, The ERIC Review, Vol 6, Iss. 2[6] Takahira, S., Goodings, D., and Byrnes, J., Retention and Performance of Male and Female Engineering Students: An Examination of Academic and Environmental Variables, Journal of Engineering Education, 87(3), 1998, pp. 297-304[7] Swann, W.B. Jr., Kwan, V. S., Polzer, J.T., and Milton, L.P

Conference Session

Innovation in Teaching Engineering Economics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Bursic, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

following: The Situation and Decision: • Description of the situation • Specific economic decision(s) involved • Societal implications of the decision • Description of available data • Assumptions you have made The Solution: • Description of the economic analysis techniques that are applicable to the problem or situation and calculations associated with those techniques • What decision you would make Note that since you may not have complete information about the situation, you may use reasonable estimates of various figures in your analysis. Figure 1: Project Report FormattingThe survey identified students by course section, discipline, and which project they