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Displaying results 481 - 510 of 1886 in total
Conference Session
Marge's Mission: Empowering STEM Innovation
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Emily M. Haluschak, Purdue University; Melissa Colonis PhD, Purdue University; Kaitlyn B. Myers, Purdue University; Tamara J Moore, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)
, adjustment of elements of theirteaching on the spot. Engagement in the classroom can be difficult to study because of the widevariability in how engagement is defined, how types of engagement are distinguished, and howthese constructs are measured. While behavioral, emotional/affective, and cognitive engagementconstitute the heart of engagement [11] researchers have expanded these categories to includesocial-behavioral, volitional, and agentic engagement [11–12]. Past research on studentengagement in science and engineering classrooms centers around core scientific principles likeengagement through argumentation with evidence or working in groups while planning andtesting designs [12].Indicators of student engagement may look different in
Conference Session
Engineering Physics and Physics Division (EP2D) Technical Session 1
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rodrigo Alonso Vergara, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; Genaro Zavala, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico; Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Physics and Physics Division (EP2D)
Education Research Council . ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Perception Study of an Online Electricity and Magnetism Course for Working StudentsAbstractTeaching basic sciences to engineering students online, specifically for "working students,"presents a unique challenge. It is contentious whether the conventional method ofinstruction employed in traditional daytime undergraduate programs is the most suitable forsuch a diverse group of students. Working students have limited time and energy due towork and family commitments, weak mathematical and conceptual foundations, and, formost of them, no plans for postgraduate studies or scientific research. This study
Conference Session
Marge's Mission: Empowering STEM Innovation
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue, Towson University
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)
engineering-focused teacher practitioner articles, chapters, and research articles, and presents her research regularly through the ASEE Pre-College Engineering Education Division, a division she has chaired. Her current research includes investigating how children plan, fail, and productively persist; how mixed-reality simulated classroom environments can be used to help pre-service and in-service teachers practice facilitating challenging discussions in science and engineering; and how undergraduate engineering design teaching assistants address (and may be able to practice addressing) team conflict within similar simulated environments. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024
Conference Session
Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 3: Advising in Graduate Education
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Zilong Pan, Lehigh University; Anand Jagota, Lehigh University; Volkmar Dierolf, Lehigh University; Himanshu Jain, Lehigh University
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies Division (GSD)
,resource constraints, and differing student goals contribute to nuanced responses, demonstratingthe complex considerations faculty members must navigate in shaping doctoral trainingexperiences.4.5. Unstructured commentsThe last question in the survey asked participants to provide additional information that theybelieved could enhance doctoral training. Two themes emerged from their responses. The firsttheme pertains to the refinement of academic course plans. For instance, one faculty memberhighlighted the need for a revision in academic coursework to incorporate more relevantproblem-solving, data analytics, and writing skills. This sentiment aligns with another suggestionemphasizing that academic courses often focus excessively on “technical
Conference Session
Faculty Development Division (FDD) Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rachel Ziminski, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Yanfen Li, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Tagged Divisions
Faculty Development Division (FDD)
. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Lessons Learned: “I Can’t Build It, Because They Won’t Come:” Faculty Survey Response Rates in Engineering Education ResearchObtaining faculty perspectives to enhance higher education teaching practices is an essential stepin assessing and planning professional development and training. However, procuring this crucialfeedback can often feel like an insurmountable challenge. In a recent research study aimed atgathering faculty feedback through an anonymous online survey, a notable revelation emerged –faculty members exhibit reluctance to participate in surveys. The question that arises is, how canwe gain an understanding of the collective faculty
Conference Session
Faculty Development Division (FDD) Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Casey Daniel Kidd, Louisiana Tech University; Krystal Corbett Cruse, Louisiana Tech University; Kelly B Crittenden, Louisiana Tech University
Tagged Divisions
Faculty Development Division (FDD)
. This section is still in development. This section aims to provide anassessment method that looks at the project's impact, developed through the PDC, on the students'understanding of the pre-defined course outcomes. Some measures being considered forassessment are course-specific student learning objectives and/or ABET student learningoutcomes.Future WorkThe PDC will continue to be developed and assessed for its effectiveness. Specifically, assessingthe impact of the PDC in reducing perceived barriers to implementing projects in courses byfaculty. Additionally, plans for evaluating the PDC’s effectiveness in helping to develop projectsare planned. To disseminate the PDC process to the larger STEM education community,workshops will be developed
Conference Session
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jacqueline Rose Tawney, California Institute of Technology; Meredith Hooper, California Institute of Technology; Harly Ramsey, University of Southern California; Morgan Hooper, University of Toronto
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
topics course within our university’s engineering department, indicating a weekly averageof 2 hours of in-class time and 4 hours of homework. Through the course activities, students willdevelop a concrete plan for their (new or ongoing) advocacy work, and begin to enact this planwith support from both peers and instructors.Learning ObjectivesWe have developed the following Learning Objectives for the initial offering of the course.By participating, students will: • Identify their individual interests and strengths to integrate advocacy into their practice. • Articulate their scientific and/or engineering identity and how it relates to critical consciousness and their unique potential to shape the world. • Develop critical
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lizandra C Godwin, University of New Mexico
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
ECR: BCSER program is to build a researcher’s capacity and expertise in STEMeducation research [10]. The author’s proposal titled “An Individual InvestigatorDevelopment Plan for Building Capacity to Study Undergraduate Latinas Interest inGraduate School” was selected for funding.Project ApproachThis NSF project incorporates capacity building through the “4 steps to Growth in EngineeringEducation Research” depicted in Figure 1. These steps were designed to strengthen the author’scapacity to carry out fundamental engineering education research (EER). The proposed strategystarts with Step 1: Knowledge Building. The knowledge building step outlined opportunities togain knowledge through both formal and informal learning opportunities. As an
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey A Nason, Oregon State University; Samuel B Gavitte, Tufts University; Milo D. Koretsky, Tufts University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
disciplinary engagement [13, 14].The goals of this NSF Research Initiation in Engineering Formation (PFE: RIEF) project are to: 1. Build on preliminary work to develop the Virtual Jar Test Laboratory for Water Treatment and develop a corresponding Physical Jar Test Laboratory for Water Treatment. 2. Compare student engagement and demonstration of epistemic practices in the virtual laboratory and physical laboratory modes to develop transferable knowledge about the development of epistemic practices in the laboratory. 3. Develop capacity in PI Nason as an engineering education researcher through a deliberate mentoring plan and research activities.To accomplish these objectives, we are conducting a microgenetic analysis of
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Noemi V Mendoza Diaz, Texas A&M University; Deborah Anne Trytten, The University of Oklahoma; Russell D. Meier, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Harry A. Hogan, Texas A&M University; So Yoon Yoon, University of Cincinnati
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
point where we can attempt an answer to the last research question of ourproject which is a question measuring the long-term impacts of computational thinking skilldevelopment. Such a question requires a longitudinal approach that our IRB offices haveapproved.Finally, during our project, we came to the realization that our recruiting mechanism – self-selection – limited our participants by demographic categories, and thus our results seemedincomplete. We have initiated steps towards expanding our research to the DFW audience. Whilewe seek IRB approval to include this audience in this final stage of the project, we have analyzedthe cohort from which we did gain access to their grades (n=296). We plan to interviewindividuals who have struggled
Conference Session
Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 2: Graduate Student Pipeline and Workforce Development
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Isabella Victoria, University of Florida; Laura Melissa Cruz Castro, University of Florida; Idalis Villanueva Alarcón, University of Florida
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies Division (GSD)
customers and coworkers, providing thoughtful, courteous, and knowledgeable service. 10. Teamwork: Assumes shared responsibility for collaborative work and respects the thoughts, opinions, and contributions of other team members. Professional competencies 11. “Big picture” Thinking: Understands one's role in fulfilling the mission of the workplace and considers the social, economic, and environmental impacts of one's actions. 12. Career and Life Management: Plans, implements, and manages
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Noe Vargas Hernandez, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Javier Ortega, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Arturo A Fuentes, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley; Eleazar Marquez, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
other engineering departments in CECS. For the second time around,faculty members from each engineering department were trained on the bootcamp activities, andhow to conduct the weekly program.Proposed ApproachThe FYIE participants will be taking two courses simultaneously: Introduction to Engineering(Course A) and Learning Frameworks (Course B). These selected courses are focused on assortedtopics and include project elements of technical innovation (MECE 1101) and career path planning(UNIV 1301). As such, the Challenge Based Instruction (CBI) approach was selected as thepedagogical method for these courses (Figure 1) [2], [5], [9]. In this regard, CBI is focused onstudent engagement when properly implemented. Figure 1
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Catherine G. P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University; Jacqueline O'Connor, Pennsylvania State University; Karen A. Thole, Pennsylvania State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
developed throughexposure to, practice of, and socialization in disciplinary expectations and norms, the research questions tobe answered through the course of the evaluation plan include: What are factors governing optimal time tointroduce research to undergraduate students to encourage them to pursue graduate school? Whatcharacteristics of REU experiences are most critical in encouraging students to pursue graduate study?How do these vary given other factors (e.g, gender, race, institutional type, impact of prior researchexperiences?) Educational data were collected through qualitative and quantitative methods. Three surveyswere distributed to participants over the course of the summer and into the fall semester comprising severalestablished and
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Haritha Malladi, University of Delaware; Shameeka M Jelenewicz, University of Delaware; Jovan Tatar, University of Delaware
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
the program were diverse in their year of undergraduatestudy, discipline of study in STEM, and location in the USA. Participants came into the programwith some awareness of sustainability and climate-change basics and challenges. Still, pre- andpost-program surveys and end-of-program interviews showed a short-term gain in knowledge ofsustainability and climate change among the SRTS-REU participants. These results can be usedto inform similar future programs that aim to engage undergraduate students in sustainabilitytopics. We plan to build upon this study with future cohorts of program participants.References[1] “THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development.” Accessed: Jan. 08, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://sdgs.un.org/goals[2] “Grand
Conference Session
Computers in Education Division (COED) Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yael Gertner, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Juan Alvarez, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Benjamin Cosman, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Jennifer R Amos, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education Division (COED)
think this class is goingto be boring”, ”I think this class is going to be enjoyable”, ”I think that I am going to bepretty good at this class”, ”This is a class that I cannot do very well in”.Value was measured in Survey 1. It is a measure based on participants’ intrinsic motivationdesigned based on self-determination theory [1]. It focuses on the aspect of motivation thatcomes from the importance and effort that they attribute to this class. Students respond ona 5 point Likert scale of “Strongly agree” to “Strongly Disagree” to the following questionsand the measure corresponds to the average of the answers. ”I plan to put a lot of effortinto this class”, ”It is important to me to do well in this class”, ”I believe this class couldbe of some
Conference Session
College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP) Technical Session 3
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christina A. Pantoja, Campbell University; Joyce B. Main, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP)
. Through narrative inquiry and a novel,boundary-spanning framework, we explore the career stories of women who have leftengineering after having worked in industry. We make sense of the participants’ career decisionsby considering their career journeys through the lens of the unfolding model of turnover, a theoryfrequently used by organizational psychologists yet not fully applied to the study of women’sengineering career decisions. In this paper, we describe the engineering career journey of Louise,one of three participants from our larger study [1]. We invite you to come alongside us as weexplore Louise’s engineering career story through the shocks (jarring events), scripts (plans ofaction), and image violations (violations of goals and values
Collection
2022 CIEC
Authors
Mauricio Torres; Ying Shang; Zakariya Al Hamouz
toIndiana Tech to purchase technical equipment to support engineering- and manufacturing-relatedcertification programs. This grant is funded by the American Rescue Plan [5]. The supportedprograms are: • Programmable Logic Controller Certificate • Cybersecurity & Data Analytics • Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing Certificate • Automation Certificate • Cybersecurity & Information Management • Artificial Intelligence Certificate • Printed Circuit Board Design CertificateThe Additive Manufacturing Certificate will be the focus of this paper.3. Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing certificateASTM has defined additive manufacturing (AM) as “a process of joining materials to makeobjects from 3D model data, usually
Collection
2024 ASEE North East Section
Authors
Susannah GAL, Wentworth Institute of Technology
teaching everything they can, with as much detail, in the short time that they have, but also without rushing through everything and maintaining a “healthy” pace for the course. • I had never thought that a teacher would go out of her way to find a better textbook, especially when they are in a situation where they can just use one everyone else is using and not worry about the textbook. • I also learned that not everything goes as planned, these factors can change the class structure and make one modify the schedule as the semester goes; even though one can teach a course, this does not mean there is no more learning to be done. • [I] learned that there is a lot more that goes into creating and keeping up
Collection
2024 ASEE PSW Conference
Authors
Karl Benjamin Ernsberger, Graduation Solutions, LLC
about science [10].II.Program Development Program development began as a series of experiences and discoveries that changed the perspective on what to teach, and how. In 2022, the Sensor Signal and Information Processing center at Arizona State University hosted a Research Experience for Teachers (SenSIP RET). The program was centered around the goal of exposing Secondary and College educators to current research, and introducing them to research practices, with the expectation that they would bring back new lesson plans to share that experience in their own classrooms. The SenSIP program’s first week was overwhelming, for two reasons. There was an incredible amount of technical material given, with the expectation that the teachers
Collection
2023 ASEE GSW
Authors
Randy Brooks; Shana Shaw; LaTasha Starr
to select that is supportable by a four-year faculty member. This palette alsoneeds to reasonably support some variety in the students’ degree plans. This variety may be inthe form of expanded use of the two-year school’s offerings. References 1. Engineering an Alternative Path. (2019, May 13). Texas A&M Foundation. https://www.txamfoundation.com/News/Engineering-an-Alternative-Path.aspx, 2. Texas A&M Engineering Academies Engineering Bachelors Programs. (2022, February 11). Texas A&M Engineering Academies. https://tamuengineeringacademies.org/programs 3. Brooks, R. (2022, August), Work-in-Progress: Designing Pre-Course Sessions to Enhance Student Preparation
Collection
2024 ASEE-GSW
Authors
Mari Dalton, University of Texas at Austin; Lance Manuel, The University of Texas at Austin; Zoe E Chen, University of Texas at Austin; Joshua Epps
Tagged Topics
Diversity
people who are part of managedretreat plans. As discussed by Ahmed, “such programs often deepen existing social inequalities. In2021, Elliot [a researcher at Rice University] and a team of researchers found that wealthier, whiter Proceedings of the 2024 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX Copyright  2024, American Society for Engineering Education 5neighborhoods were able to maintain social ties and social capital after a buyout”13. For instance,“residents moving from a neighborhood where buyout prices average $80,000 end up three timesfarther from their original home than those
Collection
2024 ASEE-GSW
Authors
Nelson Fumo, The University of Texas at Tyler
developing acommercialization plan. This plan outlined how each team envisioned bringing their ideas to scale inthe market—a crucial aspect, as real-world projects demand considerations beyond engineeringdesign or technical feasibility. To replicate this PBL experience in any engineering course,instructors need only reach out to the competition organizers and attend informative webinars tograsp the dynamics, benefits, and support available. After this second implementation, surveyresults from this year's competition indicated that students perceived participation in the competitionand the associated project as valuable components of the course. Thus, opting to engage in thecompetition has proven to be a strategic decision in fostering PBL within the
Collection
2024 South East Section Meeting
Authors
Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel
plan to complete all my statistics assignments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. I plan to work hard in my statistics course. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3. I will like statistics. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4. Statistics should be a required part of my professional training. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5. Statistics is not useful to the typical professional. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6. I am interested in using statistics. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7. Statistics is a subject quickly learned by
Conference Session
Track 8: Technical Session 2: Adapting the Gender Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) to Engineering: A Digital Tool to Aid Inclusive Design
Collection
2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)
Authors
Audrey Anne Blanchet, Université de Sherbrooke; Nathalie Roy, Université de Sherbrooke
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
andEngineering of Toronto University [18], and Faculty of Engineering at Alberta University [19])state their commitment to EDI within their strategic plans as a broader and transversal vision.They sometimes integrate specific objectives in this regard. These objectives generally pertain torecruitment practices and the development of an inclusive culture through community awarenesson EDI.Secondly, other faculties have adopted specific EDI policies and action plans coveringrecruitment practices, community awareness of EDI issues, improvement of the studentexperience, communication strategies, and fundraising to support initiatives. For example, theFaculty of Engineering at McGill University has identified EDI priorities [20] – RecruitmentLife Cycle
Conference Session
Track 4: Technical Session 1: Creating Pathways to Engineering through Sponsored Summer Camps
Collection
2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)
Authors
Racheida S Lewis, University of Georgia; Stephan A. Durham, University of Georgia; Alison Leigh Banka, University of Georgia
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
and work engineering through the following lenses: individually or in teams, planning, designing, fabricating, and testing in various group and individual projects.• Building - learn and practice the engineering design process through hands-on projects • You will have plenty of formal and informal learning opportunities about life and physical sciences as we• Leaders - develop and practice oral and written explore leadership, innovation, and the engineering communication skills to become prepared as future design process through hands-on activities within
Conference Session
Track 5: Technical Session 5: Successful mentoring practices for women undergraduate STEM students
Collection
2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)
Authors
Suzanne Zurn-Birkhimer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Elizabeth Hart, University of Dayton
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
through meaningful interactions; and (3) buildingtheir tool-kits by delivering strategies for success. These goals are achieved throughMonthly Meetings, monthly Socials, optional paired mentoring, and alum engagementevents.Program Structure:Monthly Meetings: Fall 2023 focused on the topics of mentoring, networking, and thetransition from college to workplace. Spring 2024 will focus on the growth mindset,goal planning and intentional next steps, and creativity in engineering. These topicsguide the LT in the planning and implementation of the Monthly Meetings whichinclude dinner & icebreaker discussions, guest speaker, a mentoring minute activity,and a networking activity.Social activities: events for 2023-24 included a scavenger hunt
Conference Session
Track 5: Technical Session 4: Safe Space Warm Embrace: Building Blocks to Support Black & Brown STEM Scholars
Collection
2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)
Authors
DeAnna Katey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Terrance I Harris, Drexel University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
Drexel’s Office of Equality and Diversity to ensure the planning and implementation of relevant DEI training and educational opportunities for college faculty and staff, as well as with HR and the college leadership on initiatives to improve the recruitment and retention of diverse faculty and staff. Harris also coordinates with affinity student organizations and programs across the college including, NSBE, SHPE, and SWE to name a few, acting as secondary advisor as well as primary college contact for external affinity-based organizations. Prior to joining Drexel Engineering, Harris served six years as the Director of the Lonnie B. Harris Black Cultural Center at Oregon State University. As Director of the BCC, Harris
Conference Session
Track 5: Technical Session 3: Weaving Students into Engineering Versus Weeding Them Out: A Framework for Institutions
Collection
2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)
Authors
Jenna P. Carpenter, Campbell University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
Dr. Jenna P. Carpenter Founding Dean & Professor School of Engineering Campbell UniversityImmediate Past President, ASEEOutline• The Weed-Out Philosophy• Weed-Out Practices & Approaches• Why and Why now?• Action Plan, Draft Framework & Next Steps• Questions? For much of its history, engineering has worked to weed out all but the perceived brightest and best, with the belief that the The majority of students
Collection
2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference
Authors
Nada S. Al-Muntaser, Eastern Michigan University ; Suleiman A. Ashur, Eastern Michigan University
digital representation of constructionprojects. Its platforms streamline the construction process and communication among projectstakeholders (e.g., owners) and construction parties (e.g., engineers). BIM has already enhancedhow projects are planned, designed, and constructed. AI, or Artificial Intelligence, denotes the simulation of human intelligence processes bymachines, particularly computer systems, first introduced in 1956.1 It encompasses thedevelopment of algorithms and software capable of replicating or executing tasks traditionallycarried out by humans, including learning, reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, andProceedings of the 2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference 1Copyright
Collection
2024 PNW Section Annual Meeting
Authors
Douglas S. Cairns; Roberta Amendola; Dilpreet Bajwa; Cambrie Monfort; Jared Nelson; Cecily Ryan
successful Community of Scholars is presented. It is a contractat Montana State University (MSU) to support the US Army’s Future Vertical Lift (FVL)Program. From Reference [20]:“The Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program is a research and development effort dedicated todiscovering, investigating, and refining the technologies that is to provide the next generation ofvertical lift aircraft for the United States Armed Forces. According to the Army, the goal of theprogram is to develop technologies that improve ‘maneuverability, range, speed, payload,survivability, reliability, and reduced logistical footprint’ compared with current rotorcraft.” [20].Various schedules have emerged since the inception of the FVL Strategic Plan in 2012, but thebasic schedule