Conference Session

Service Learning Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tao Hong, Purdue University; William Oakes, Purdue University; Susan Maller, Purdue University; Carla Zoltowski, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

with maximum likelihood estimation was created as inputfor the analyses due to the fact that all the items are ordinal in nature. Demographicvariables (gender and major) served as covariates or the multiple causes individually to Page 12.400.6investigate latent mean differences and potential sources of item bias. The analyses in thisstudy were conducted in two major steps. First, CFAs were conducted to fit the one-factor theoretical models to the data. Parameters were estimated and several fit indiceswere used to examine the fit of the models: Satorra-Bentler’s (S-B) chi-square statistic(χ2) 14 , ratio of chi-square to degrees of freedom (χ2/df), Root

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ian Papautsky, University of Cincinnati; Ali Asgar Bhagat, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2007-2504: INTRODUCING MICROFLUIDICS TO ELECTRICALENGINEERS: AN INTEGRATED PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING EXPERIENCEIan Papautsky, University of Cincinnati IAN PAPAUTSKY received his Ph.D. in bioengineering from the University of Utah in 1999. He is currently a tenured Associate Professor of in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Cincinnati. His research and teaching interests include application of MEMS and microfluidics to biology and medicine.Ali Asgar Bhagat, University of Cincinnati ALI ASGAR S. BHAGAT received his M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Cincinnati in 2006, and is currently pursuing his Ph.D. His research interests include

Conference Session

Experiences in Teaching Energy Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilya Grinberg, Buffalo State College; Mohammed Safiuddin, University at Buffalo, SUNY

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

generation, transmission and deliveryare the focus of this paper.Electric energy has been used since the1890’s when the world entered the Age of Electricity.Since then the world has moved through a series of these ages: 1890’s – The “Age of Electricity” begins with the lighting of the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893, and completion of the first long distance transmission line moving hydro-electric power from the mighty Niagara Falls to Buffalo in November of 1896. 1930’s – The “Industrial Age” begins with electricity, power tools, and automation in factories, at the end of the Depression. Industrial productivity, measured in terms of output per unit of labor, makes major gains during this period. This results

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics & Structural Modeling Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Petru-Aurelian Simionescu, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

rb C t s O A x Fig. 1 The involute curve of a circle of radius rbBecause the string is inextensible, the length of the circular arch AB subintended by angle t isequal to length BC of the string: BC ? rb © t (1)Moreover, the center of curvature around point C of the involute is located right at the tangentpoint B between the string and the base circle, and

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratories

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oscar Ortiz, LeTourneau University; Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

signal)5_ Power output amplification6_ Antenna and impedance matchingI am attaching the ck207.pdf file with the technical information about your transmitter.You need to research and study how the transistor(s) or diode(s) used perform the particular function of each stage.Perform a system functional analysis, and a mathematical input/ output gain analysis at each state, and then write aformal report and a prepare power point presentation.(Remember that for the report and Power point presentation you will need to describe how the transmitter work as awhole, and how the transistor(s) or diode(s) combined with other circuit elements perform the functions of eachstage.Study and research assignment for members of the Receiver groupThe following are

Conference Session

Innovation in Construction Engineering Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kun-jung Hsu, Leader University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

beginning node of activity, and j represents as the ending node of activity. Onecan calculate the total float of an activity (LSi-ESi), we can determine the critical path(s). As anillustrative example, Figure 1 showed the network of an example facility project with tenactivities. Table 1 showed the normal time vs. crash time scenarios of all activities of theproject network, and their time and costs to complete the activities. Figure 1: Illustrative example of a building construction project networkFollowing the critical path method describes above, one can apply Excel to calculate the totalfloat of each activity, thus draw the critical paths of the normal and crash scenarios. Find ES,EF, LS, LF, FF, and TF for the arrow diagram in

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Osama Mohammed, Florida International University; Nagy Abed, Quanta Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

components) to be executed at different update rates, cycles can befreed up for executing the subsystem(s) that need to be updated faster.The real time multi-distributed modelling can involve different real time operating systems.Real time operating systems (RTOS) are those operating systems that guarantee that thesystem will respond in a predetermined amount of time. Real time operating system (e.g.QNX, Linux) reduces considerably the simulation time requirement.This paper describes a real time simulator for motor drives, and outlines its software andhardware subsystems. Examples and implementation of different motor control algorithmsusing this simulator are also discussed.System DescriptionThe software and hardware tools used in the development

Conference Session

Engineering in High Schools

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Oswald, Oklahoma State University; Charlie Huddleston, Oklahoma State University; Alan Cheville, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Engineering Education AnnualConference & Exposition, (2004 ).2. "Office of Post Secondary Education."3. L. McAfee, and A. Kim, "Successful Pre-College Summer Programs," American Society for EngineeringEducation, (2007).4. D. Oppliger, S. Oppliger, M. Raber, and R. Warrington, "Engineering Enterprise Alliance A K-12,University and Industry Initiative to Create a Pathway to Engineering and Science Careers," American Society forEngineering Education, (2007).5. B. Matanin, T. Waller, J. Kampe, C. Brozina, and B. Watford, "A STEP in the Right Direction: StudentTransition to Engineering Program," American Society for Engineering Education, , (2007).6. C. Vallas, L. Richards, and A. Miodek, "SUMMER INTRODUCTION TO

Conference Session

Enhancing K12 Mathematics Education with Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heath Tims, Louisiana Tech University; Galen Turner, Louisiana Tech University; Don Schillinger, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

of mathemaatics, educatiion, andengineeriing faculty. The T goal is to t develop engineering and a science explorations e s and curricuulumfor impleementation innto participaant schools. During D thesee preparationns, connectioons betweennnational and a state con ntent standarrds and the mathematics m s and sciencee showcasedd in theworkshopps are identiified and disccussed. Figuure 2 describbes both topiics presentedd during theSummer Teacher Wo orkshops andd an

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

James B. Farison; Zhuocheng Yang

terminology“multidisciplinary engineering programs” is defined as the set of engineering programs with oneof the following program titles (and a few slight variations): Engineering (including GeneralEngineering), Engineering Physics, and Engineering Science(s). An important characteristic thatthese programs have in common is that they do not have “program criteria” that supplement the“general criteria” that apply to the accreditation criteria for all other engineering programs. Thisnew role for ASEE means, among other things, that ASEE now has membership on the ABETEngineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) and is responsible for recruiting andrecommending Program Evaluators (PEVs) to ABET for accreditation visits for multidisciplinaryengineering

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

Hassan Monghbeli; Khaled Ellithy; F. Koktot; Mahmundul Alam

transmission capacity ▪ Benefits due to released distribution substation capacity ▪ Benefits due to reduced voltage drops (voltage improvement) ▪ Benefits due to released feeder capacity ▪ Benefits due to reduced energy lossesTherefore the total benefits due to installation of capacitor banks can be summarized 4 asgiven in Eq. (1). Proceedings of the 2008 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference The University of New Mexico – Albuquerque Copyright © 2008, American Society for Engineering Education  $ = $ G +$T + $ S + $ F + $ ACE + $GBCE (1) Demand Energy Revenue

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Liao, Wayne State University; Chih-Ping Yeh, Wayne State University; James Sawyer, Macomb Community College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

assembles the simulator which serves as a hands-on experience unit formultidiscipline students enrolled in the HEV technology courses. The virtual HEV simulator notonly enhances the HEV training and education, but also increases students’ interest in the greenmovement of transportation.AcknowledgmentThis work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant number DUE-0501546.References1. Hirose, K., Abe, S., Killmann, G. “Overview of current and future hybrid technology,” Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) paper 2002-33-0016, 2002.2. Ronning, J. and Grant, G. “Global hybrid electric vehicle markets and missions,” SAE paper 1999-01-2946, 1999.3. http://www.macomb.edu/academics/CareerTechEd/HEV/default.asp4

Conference Session

Concluding Thoughts in Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harry Petersen, Minnesota State University, Mankato; William Peterson, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

of the internet and supporting programs, many institutions of higher learning areexamining the possibility of offering at least some classes over the internet. Whilecorrespondence courses by mail have been offered for many decades, the immediate responseand information bandwidth of the internet offer the possibility of real-time remote interaction,electronic homework and exams, and instant streaming video and audio not available by mail.With proper support, web-based instruction computer programs such as Desire2Learn (D2L) 1, acommercial classroom management system (similar to Blackboard, etc.), allows remote studentsto password-access materials on their own schedule while requiring online discussions atspecified times, at the instructor‟s

Conference Session

Curriculum in Civil Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Chung-Suk Cho, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2009-1779: INTEGRATING GREEN ENGINEERING INTO AMULTIDISCIPLINARY SEMINAR COURSEDavid Cottrell, University of North Carolina, Charlotte DR. DAVID S. COTTRELL is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1978 and retired in 2000 after more than 22 years of service with the US Army Corps of Engineers. Studies at Texas A&M University resulted in an MS Degree in Civil Engineering in 1987 and a PhD in 1995. He is a registered Professional Engineer and has taught courses in statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, graphic communications, engineering economy, and

Conference Session

Assessment and Continuous Improvement in Electronics and Electrical ET Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; John Irwin, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, analogOutcome 12 and digital electronics, and microcomputers to the building, testing, operation and maintenance of electrical/electronic(s) systems. (ABET 8.a) The application of physics or chemistry to electrical/electronic(s) circuits in a rigorousOutcome 13 mathematical environment at or above the level of algebra and trigonometry. (ABET 8.b) The ability to analyze, design and implement control systems, instrumentation systems,Outcome 14 communication systems or power systems. (ABET 8.c)Outcome 15 The ability to apply project management techniques to electrical/electronic(s) systems. (ABET 8.d) The ability to utilize statistics/ probability, transform methods

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Susan L. Murray

, Page 1.82.1--- --- $&-:} 1996 ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings %,~!!.s~ .— - .... . and work design. Actual examples of successfully incorporated CL activities will be ‘presented and can be briefly grouped as follows: - Synthesize of material - students, either in small groups or the class as a whole, recall what was discussed in a previous lecture or in the assigned readings. “How does this tie-in with what we discussed last time?” - Direct questions - students are asked specific open-ended questions to encourage group discussion. “What are the advantages or disadvantages of this technique?” “How would you sell this to

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

T.R. Hsu; P. Reischl; P. Hsu; J.C. Wang; F. Barez; B.J. Furman; A. Tesfaye

andimplementation of five new courses and a new laboratory. The purpose of the new laboratory is to supportinstruction of two of the five new courses: ME 105 Fundamentals of Mechatronic Systems Engineering andME 190 Electromechanical Systems and Microprocessor Applications.INTRODUCTION “Mechatronics” is a melding of two English words Mechanical and Electronics. The terminology wasfirst used by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) of the Japanese government in the early1970’s. The original notion of mechatronics involved the development of automated production of consumer lproducts such as the Canon SLR auto focus camera . The application of this technology was soon extended

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

W. Ernst Eder

exists, and novel designing without ---- s>AS that is outlined in figure 1,uses at least five mappings, the modeling levels shown in the second column. This should make designing morerational and controllable. Pugh’s of concept selection is essentially an evaluation method to compare several proposed solutionsamong each other (and possibly with an ideal solution). It is performed in a discussion-group (team) setting,and therefore allows participants to suggest improvements and alternatives whilst evaluating. Some aspects ofBrainstorming operate during the sessions. Nevertheless, I have indicated the method as an evaluation, placedbetween the horizontal lines

Conference Session

History of Aerospace Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas, Austin; Mark Maughmer, Penn State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Mean Score Score 60 50 40 30 Low Score 20 10 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 YearFigure 4 Student Final Exams Results in Theoretical Aerodynamics T h e o re tic a l A e ro d y n a m ic s 100 H ig h S c o re 90 80 70 M e a n S c o re S c o re 60 50 40

Conference Session

Computed Simulation and Animation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raymond Jacquot, University of Wyoming; Cameron Wright, University of Wyoming; Robert Kubichek, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. Table 1 Data for a RG58A/U ___________________________________________________________ L’ = 2.5x10-7 H/m C’ = 1.01x10-10 F/m R’ = 0.028 Ω/m -14 G’ = 5.9x10 S/m L = 1000 m f = 3x105 Hz Vg = 10 /0° V ZL = 100 Ω Zg = 50 ΩFigure 2 illustrates the line voltage as a function of location on the line for twenty values of time.It is easy to note the attenuation of the voltage signal as it propagates down the line toward theload due to the lossy nature of the line. There are several ways of presenting the solution to thisproblem in addition to that of employing t as a parameter as in Figure 2. Figure 3

Conference Session

Computing Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Bailey, Brigham Young University; Barry Lunt, Brigham Young University; Gordon Romney, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

scientists have a long tradition, continuing to the present, of lively debateconcerning the nature of their discipline.”2 The same could be said about each of theother disciplines discussed here. The approach used herein is to use the definitions asstated in the literature of the epochs examined.Computer ScienceComputers first began appearing in US universities in the 1930’s and early 40’s at MIT(differential analyzer), Harvard (Mark 1) and Penn (ENIAC and EDVAC). At first thesewere mechanical, followed by electro-mechanical, analog, and finally by digital as thecomputational research of the second world war filtered back into the universitylaboratories.3 It is interesting to note that academic departments devoted to the studies ofcomputers did not

Conference Session

Curriculum for Green Materials

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natalie Becknell, Garver Engineers; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas; Seamus Freyne, University of Oklahoma; Stephan Durham, University of Arkansas; Anthony Lamanna, Tulane University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

reacting with products formed during thehydration of cement. Equations 1 and 2 show the hydration reactions of portland cement.Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is the major contributor to concrete strength. SCMs such asslag cement and fly ash contain amorphous silica (S) which reacts (Equation 3) with calciumhydroxide (CH) to form additional C-S-H thereby improving strength. The equations shownbelow are in ceramic notation. 2C3S + 11H → C-S-H + 3CH (1) 2C2S + 9H → C-S-H + CH (2) CH + S + H → C-S-H (3)In addition to improving hardened concrete properties, SCMs are also used to produce “green”structures. The force

Conference Session

Assessing Design Coursework

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martha Green, Texas A&M University; Parag Ravindran, Texas A&M University; Rita Caso, Texas A&M University; Jeffrey Froyd; Xiafeng Li, Texas A&M University; L. Alan Minnick, Texas A&M University; Ram Shukla, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

study was based. Results and conclusions expressedin this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of theBoeing Corporation.2) Assessment instruments used were significantly adapted from TIDEEDesign assessment tools. The authors are indebted to the inspiration and models providedby Denny C. Davis, TIDEE project director, Washington State University, PO Box646120, Pullman, WA 99164-6120. Phone: 509-335-7993.Email: davis@wsu.edu(For those who are interested in the actual assessment tools used in this study pleasecontact authors.)Bibliography1. Davis, D., Gentili, K.L., Trevisan, M., Calkins, D.(2002). Engineering Design Assessment Processes andScoring Scales for Program Imporvement and Accountability. Journal of

Conference Session

Outreach and Recruitment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Kuyath, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

toparticipate in the clubs and activities. To receive funding to support their club and activities, theclubs must consist of a minimum of 50% membership from students traditionallyunderrepresented in engineering10. Project monies are used to provide start-up materials to theclubs and an annual stipend of $1500 has been provided to each school for club sponsor(s).The Diversity in Engineering Technology Project is executed by the project PI on the UNCCharlotte campus, a key individual at each of the community college partners and the clubsponsor(s) at each of the high schools. Competition judges, mentors and support personnel havebeen university and community college faculty, staff and student volunteers, in addition to localmembers of industry and

Conference Session

NEW Lab Experiments in Materials Science

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Marshall, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

Materials

as change of state. Electro- and magneto-rheological fluids, for example, canchange viscosity over many orders of magnitude upon application of an externalmagnetic or electric field. This change of state has the potential to revolutionize thecontrol aspects and responsiveness of hydraulic power transmission.Research during the 1960’s and 70’s was focused on devices such as: satellite antennas(NASA) that would unfold and expand when exposed to the heat of the sun; engines thatwould run on hot and cold water; automatic temperature-controlled greenhouse windows; Page 11.922.2and car fan clutches that would engage only when the engine warmed-up.One of the

Collection

2023 ASEE PNW Section Conference

Authors

Seung-Jin Lee, University of Washington Tacoma; Heather Dillon, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

85 PC/ABS (Polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) (Industrial 15-55 plastic) PS (Polystyrene) 15-55Table 2. Data collection table with example Disassembly time Recycle Part Material(s) Mass (lbs.) Recyclable (Y/N) (mins and secs) Fraction Ex. Steel Screw Steel 0.11 Y 11 secs 75-85   Total Mass Total TimeConclusionsWhile this class is still under development, the initial offering was well received by students andwe plan to continue offering the course. An informal survey of

Conference Session

Computing Technology Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Doipayan Roy, Purdue University; Peter Bermel, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Kerrie A Douglas, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Michael Richey, The Boeing Company; Krishna Madhavan, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Siddharth Shah

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

,CV,N) Table 6- Average visits to study materials (S) and assessment resources (A)The hypothesis tests comparing Fully Engaged (FE) and Consistent Viewers (CV) groups’average visits to assessments (A) were as follows:Test 1:Null hypothesis: µA,CV,T = µA,FE,TAlternate hypothesis: µA,CV,T < µA,FE,TTest 2:Null hypothesis: µA,CV,N = µA,FE,NAlternate hypothesis: µA,CV,N < µA,FE,NThese tests yield p-values of 0.001 for Thermoelectricity and 0.036 for Nanobiosensors. Takingthe standard threshold of p=0.05, we reject the null hypothesis in both tests and conclude thatConsistent Viewers group access assessments less frequently as compared to Fully Engagedlearners in both courses. The fact that we can accept both alternate hypotheses

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Barnes , Rowan University; Nicholas Lenzi; Katherine G Nelson, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, Mathematics and Science, GEMS: A science outreach program for middle-school female students. ​Journal Of STEM Education: Innovations & Research, ​14(3), 41-47.7. Demetry, C., Hubelbank, J., Blaisdell, S. L., Sontgerath, S., Nicholson, M. E., Rosenthal, E., & Quinn, P. (2009). Supporting Young Women To Enter Engineering: Long-Term Effects Of A Middle School Engineering Outreach Program For Girls. ​Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering J Women Minor Scien Eng, ​15(2), 119-142. doi:10.1615/jwomenminorscieneng.v15.i2.208. Safferman, A. G., Jeffers, A. T., & Safferman, S. I. (2004). Understanding K-12 engineering outreach programs. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice

Conference Session

Engineering Literacy: Champions of Engineering in General Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert M. Briber, University of Maryland, College Park; Romel D Gomez P.E., University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

,weareexploringideastoofferanoptionalpeerreviewactivityforthefinalproject.This wouldprovidestudentsinterestedinpeerfeedbackwiththatoption,whileaccommodatingprivacyconcernsofthose wishingtokeeptheirideaslimitedtothemselvesandthefaculty.Table2aI-SeriesAssessmentRubric EachGeneralEducationcategoryisgroundedinasetoflearningoutcomes.ForthefullsetoflearningoutcomesforI-seriescoursessee:www.gened.umd.eduThisrubricisdesignedasatooltoassessactivitiesaimedatstudentgainsinthefollowlearningoutcome(s)fortheI-SeriesGeneralEducationCategory: Atthecompletionofthiscourse,studentswillbeableto

Conference Session

Writing and Communication

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Necia Werner, Carnegie Mellon University; Suguru Ishizaki, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Grant and has received IRB approval fromCarnegie Mellon University.References [1] J. Hope and M. Witmore. “The hundredth Psalm to the tune of ‘Green Sleeves’: Digital approaches to Shakespeare’s language of genre.” Shakespeare Quarterly, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 357-390, 2010. [2] J. Hope and M. Witmore. “The very large textual object: A prosthetic reading of Shakespeare.” Early Modern Literary Studies, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1-36, 2004. [3] D. Kaufer, C. Geisler, P. Vlachos and S. Ishizaki, S., “Mining textual knowledge for writing education and research,” in Writing and Digital Media, L. v. Waes, M. Leijten, and C. Neuwirth, Eds. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science, 2006, pp. 115-130. [4] D. Kaufer, S