Conference Session

Robotics and Automation

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Warren Rosen, Drexel University (Eng.); Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Engineering Tech); M. Eric Carr, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

particular, is an iterative activity. Iteration, loopingback to explore alternatives, is an essential part of the design process.5,6 Iterating is, of course,time consuming and costly, but a systematic search for creative solutions early on in the processis not, either extremely costly or terribly time consuming and is fundamental to the design ofinnovative products. Therefore, in this project, students learn what engineers have to deal withand how to look at a problem and take the steps to fix it.Figure 1. (a) Student design sketches for various components (b) CAD Design using GoogleSketchUp (c) CAD Design using SolidWorks®, (d) Improved CAD Design using SolidWorks

Conference Session

Energy Conservation and Conversions for Green Buildings

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

as corn,wheat and other grains, dry beans and edible soya beans. Rising utility costs and fixedcommodities prices necessitated the need for a concerted effort by the MAC to reduce theirenergy costs. DTE Energy was also interested in balancing the electric power utility distributionload in the predominantly rural area the MAC facility is located. For this project students servedas part-time paid employees of the university working directly under the supervision ofuniversity faculty.There were two major phases for this project. Phase 1 concentrated on establishing a reliable anduseful power and energy usage data acquisition capability, and testing grain hopper aeration anddrying fan systems both with and without the use of variable frequency

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University; Xiaobo Peng, Prairie View A&M University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Elif Ozturk; Ke Liu, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

development community about the model-basedenterprise (MBE). The MBE could provide significant opportunities for efficiency andeffectiveness in product development 1. At the core of the MBE are computer-aided design(CAD) models that allow for the more efficient completion of tasks associated with productdevelopment. These include computer-aided engineering simulations, computer-aidedmanufacturing processes and other manipulations of the digital artifacts. CAD models combinedwith product lifecycle management (PLM) systems have long been proposed as providing greatbenefits 2. However, these benefits are predicated on the ability of CAD models to be easilyreused and understood by the various actors across the commercialization process. This requiresa

Conference Session

Design in the Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John P. Puccinelli, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Amit Janardhan Nimunkar, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

to incorporatethe vastly growing types of various digital media being employed in engineering design.Additionally, only one copy of a paper notebook exists as compared to the ability to share anELN (or part of one) with the involved parties. Here we outline the processes used to implementthe ELN and initial student and faculty survey results comparing paper notebooks to an ELN.IntroductionOur Biomedical Engineering (BME) undergraduate students participate in real-world, client-based design projects throughout the curriculum in teams of four or five students.1 The designcurriculum is advised by up to 13 faculty members per semester, each overseeing up to fourteams. In these courses, from sophomore through senior year, the students not only

Conference Session

Improvements in ECE Signals and Systems

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Berenice Verdin, University of Texas at El Paso; Ricardo Von Borries, University of Texas, El Paso; Patricia A. Nava P.E., University of Texas, El Paso; Andrew C. Butler, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

2013 semesterdemonstrated an increase in the assessed learning outcomes compared to the Summer 2012semester, where the tools were not used.The use of technology tools can address multiple situations in engineering education: limitedopportunity for active learning; limited opportunity for laboratory activities that are interesting orrelate to students’ ideas about their “real world”; lack of interactive learning demos; textbooksproviding limited connections among topics; development of textbooks and course materialslimited to a small number of authors; and rising textbook costs that present a financial burden forstudents, especially low-income students.IntroductionEngineering job opportunities are increasing every year 1; therefore, to meet the

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nausheen Pasha-Zaidi, The Petroleum Institute; Jaby Mohammed, The Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

similarsurvey at the end of the semester to determine what, if any, changes had occurred interms of student attitudes towards group creation, team effectiveness and satisfaction.Regarding group creation, results from the pre-test condition indicated that 73.7% of thestudents felt that they should have the opportunity to select their own group members.Results from the post-test indicated that 63.2% of the students wanted to select their owngroup members (See Figure 1 and 2 below). Figure 1: group creation – pre-test condition Page 24.159.5 4

Conference Session

FPD 7: Beyond Course Content

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leonardo Bedoya-Valencia, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Katherine Sofía Palacio, Fundacion Universidad del Norte; Sarah Spencer-Workman, Colorado State University-Pueblo; Yaneth Correa-Martinez, Colorado State University-Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

24.160.2http://www.nae.edu/File.aspx?id=10368 visited on January 3, 2014. In a study, Allen et al.(2008)1 attempted to benchmark sustainable engineering education through a survey aimed atengineering department heads. In this survey, with more than 270 respondents, about 80%reported teaching sustainable engineering-focused courses or the integration of sustainableengineering material into existing courses. Increased attention to teaching engineering studentsabout sustainability, sustainable development, and sustainable design is also evident on the basisof the number of papers presented at the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)annual conference that included these keywords in their titles, which increased from 1 to 3papers in the 1998

Conference Session

Pedagogical Approaches in Construction Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Jacob P. Kovel P.E., Central Connecticut State University; Lee W. Lee, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Paper ID #9808An Exploratory Study to Identify an Effective Pedagogical Approach to Teach-ing Math-Related Content Knowledge in Construction EducationDr. Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University Dr. Namhun Lee is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Manufacturing & Construction Manage- ment at Central Connecticut State University, where he has been teaching Construction Graphics/Quantity Take-Off, Building Construction Systems, Heavy/Highway Construction Estimating, Building Construc- tion Estimating, and Construction Project Management. Dr. Lee’s main research areas include: 1) In- formation

Conference Session

Topics in Computing and Information Technologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manaz Rusi Taleyarkhan, Purdue University; Oluwatosin Alabi, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Thomas J. Hacker, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

that allow them to collaborate and atthe same time share resources such as data and tools. Technologies that can support theseprocesses are internet-based science gateways defined as “technological innovations whose aimis to bring about a radical transformation in research” 1. Such science gateways are also calledcyberinfrastructure or e-science 1. Cyberinfrastructure is considered to be the basis for dynamicclusters of individuals, organizations, and resources such as computational tools and services,which enable flexibility, security and collaboration among their users 2,3. The George E. Brown,Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) operates a cyberinfrastructure(centered on the NEEShub accessible at nees.org) for research

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge; Ahmad R. Sarfaraz, California State University, Northridge; Sina Talebian, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

designed to help students to learnhow to make effective decisions and deal with problem solving in highly ambiguous anduncertain contexts (Sorto, 2008). This will also be taken into consideration by the authors whenconsidering changes to the undergraduate EM program at University X.The undergraduate EM programs that the authors researched were picked from the AmericanSociety of Engineering Management (ASEM) website listing of EM programs at theundergraduate level (ASEM, 2013). The schools selected in the first iteration of the onlineresearch were: 1. Augustana College 2. Bucknell University 3. Clarkson University 4. The College of New Jersey 5. Columbia University 6. George Washington University 7. Stanford University

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning through Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Cardenas, Harvey Mudd College

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

, thus making those notebooks unavailable to other graders and to thestudents themselves.1 BackgroundThose familiar with fluid flow in pipes may recall Nikuradse’s harp (Figure 1), which presentsexperimental data for friction factor as a function of wall roughness (sand glued to the pipewalls) and Reynolds number. Nikuradse’s experimental data fit his expected curves astoundingly Page 24.164.2well, with little scatter. Regarding Nikuradse’s experimental technique, Hager and Liiv 1 stated,“Nikuradse had a practice in which he determined the rough path of a curve with preliminaryobservations and then discarded final measurements that fell too far

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge; Dale S. Deardorff, Rocky Peak Leadership Center

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

to create a thinking culture of exploration and discipline. This segregated thinkingmethod and toolset allows teams and individuals to work together by thinking in parallel. Thefocused sequencing of these thinking styles can prevent adversarial dialog and create anopportunity for the brain to “Maximize its sensitivity in different directions at different times”(de Bono, 1985, p. 1).Western Thinking is concerned with “what is” versus designing forward from parallelpossibilities to create “what can be”. Traditional thinking is also based on rock logic where youestablish dichotomies and contradictions to force a choice based on search and discovery. DeBono’s Six Thinking Hats uses the concept of water logic which flows to accept

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Maura J. Borrego, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

, andinternational field. There is a clear need for a standardized terminology and organizational system – a setof keywords – to map the field and communicate research initiatives. Such a taxonomy could providemultiple benefits, including:  better connections between research and researchers;  more accessible research results,  recognition for and identification of emerging research areas,  a way to describe the diversity of engineering education research areas, and  a common terminology with which researchers could frame their efforts.The goals of our NSF-funded project, then, are two fold: (1) to develop a comprehensive taxonomy ofkeywords that could be used to describe engineering education research projects, publications, authors,and

Conference Session

ECE Program Development

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert A. Strangeway, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Stephen M. Williams P.E., Milwaukee School of Engineering; Edward W. Chandler P.E., Milwaukee School of Engineering; Richard W. Kelnhofer, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Owe G. Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques in the Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Goli Nossoni, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

challenged to predict the strength of the “Greencrete” theydeveloped. In addition to introducing students to sustainability concepts, the project developedtheir creativity and critical thinking skills, enabled them to learn concrete design concepts morethoroughly, and provided a challenging yet fun learning environment that they enjoyed.IntroductionCivil engineers are being increasingly expected to develop sustainable solutions to infrastructureand technology problems, yet they may find themselves inadequately prepared to provideanswers.1 In a 2006 study, the rating of new graduates’ knowledge of sustainable principles wasonly 2.8 out of 10, department support for teaching and research in sustainability was 4.7 out of10, and the university

Conference Session

Teaching Communication I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald S Harichandran, University of New Haven; David J Adams, Technical Communications Consultant; Michael A. Collura, University of New Haven; Nadiye O. Erdil, University of New Haven; W. David Harding, University of New Haven; Jean Nocito-Gobel, University of New Haven; Amy Thompson, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

science programs. The goal of this project is to emphasize professional communication skills and professionalhabits across engineering disciplines. At many engineering colleges, a common approach toteaching technical communication skills has been to require students to take separate courses inthat area. That approach has proven expensive and not especially effective since it is divorcedfrom engineering content and is too often a one-time experience.3, 7 Based on earlier modelsdeveloped at Michigan State University and The University of Maine, the communication skillstraining at the University of New Haven (UNH) is being woven into regular engineering courses.PITCH contains a number of features that refine and extend that model:1-4 • PITCH

Conference Session

Programming, Simulation, and Dynamic Modeling

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanon Marie Reckinger, Fairfield University; Scott James Reckinger, Brown University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

rest of the class was workingthrough a POGIL worksheet, on a programming assignments, or preparing their toolboxes for theexam. Incorporating a lab-like setting into the class time also allowed for students to worktogether to solve the problems and debug each other’s codes.Course DesignBackward course design13 was used to build the course from a blank slate. Starting with the endgoal in mind, three course goals were chosen. These three goals are the backbone of the course.They answer the question, “what would you like your students to take away from the class?”Next, seven measurable course outcomes were laid out and all linked back to at least one of thecourse goals. These course goals and outcomes can be found in Figure 1. Each of the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Moaveni, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Karen C. Chou, Northwestern University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

. Page 24.171.2This lack of emphasis (accounting for approximately 10% of the course) is not a reflection of thesignificance of connections in design, instead, it is due to time constraints and the commonlymis-held belief that connections are standardized details that could and should be left tofabricators and detailers. However, connections, are the glue that holds a structure together, andas such deserve special emphasis to ensure sound structural integrity. Historically, connectionfailures have contributed to many structural failures. Examples include: the Hartford CivicCenter in 1977 [1], the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City in 1980 [2], and, more recently, the I-35 W Bridge in Minneapolis [3]. Since the Hyatt Regency failure, many state

Conference Session

Promoting Technological Literacy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; George Roskovich, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

of a larger program at Florida Atlantic University that targetsmultiple topics and concepts in engineering, computer science, physics, and mathematics. The method was employed over the course of a semester for a class titled “Control Systems1”. A small scale assessment was applied to gauge the students’ receptiveness to the techniques.Although the project is in the preliminary stages, the feedback has been positive. Currently,further efforts are being made to assess students throughout the course of the semester,comparing their overall success with their opinion of the techniques highlighted in the project. Page 24.172.2 1. Introduction

Conference Session

Innovations in Electrical Engineering Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; George Jonathan Roskovich, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

the course of asemester for a class titled “Control Systems 1”. The results, although preliminary, have beenpositive. A larger effort is presently being conducted re-assess the success of the method bymonitoring the progress of a class and its individuals as the semester moves on. Page 24.173.2 1. Introduction “Visual literacy in the classroom has become increasingly important as more and moreinformation is accessed through technology. Students must maintain the ability to think criticallyand visually about the images presented to them in today’s society” 1. With the advent of television, computers and all the engaging social media

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy J. Jacobs, Texas A&M University; Jerald A. Caton, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

be necessary for this concept inventory to work effectively across a broadspectrum of students and disciplines.Choice of Concepts to be AssessedThe constraints on deciding on the specific questions for this concept inventory include: 1) thenumber of questions be limited to 20, 2) each concept needed to have at least two questions, and3) the most basic and fundamental concepts be assessed. Constraint number 2 is needed so thatthe students’ understanding of a given concept is independent of the wording of only onequestion. The major concepts that were considered important to evaluate include such items asstatements of the second law (classical and other), entropy, exergy, cycles, reversible processes,and Carnot principles. Certainly, many

Conference Session

Use of Technology for Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

collaborative learning,also known as computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) or computer-supportedcollaborative work (CSCW).1-7 Much of this work relates to the use of online classroom toolssuch as Blackboard Vista4 or applications such as chatrooms.5 Research in this area has focusednot only on instructional effectiveness, but also on personal, social, implementation, andtechnical issues. However there has been relatively little research on collaborative system designin the area of manufacturing.To appropriately leverage collaborative technologies for manufacturing system design education,a better understanding of how users work within virtual environments is needed. This paperdescribes a study to investigate how engineers with varying levels

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rana AbdelSalam, East Carolina University; Waldemar G de Rijk

Tagged Divisions

Materials

, or it will erode over time. When an existing composite needs an addition of composite,there is no oxygen inhibited layer to provide adherence, and the composite addition will be lessthan integral with the existing restoration. Wetting Repair Resins is designed to restore theoxygen inhibited layer prior to the addition of new composite to an existing restoration. Thisresearch project compares the flexure strength of composites to that of their repaired samples,with and without the Repair resin applied.Experimental ProcedureIn this research seven different composites are tested. The experiments are conducted in ninesteps, starting from making the composite specimen till the break of the repaired compositespecimen as shown in Figure 1

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David M. Feinauer P.E., Norwich University; Michael W. Prairie, Norwich University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

provided below.The hydroelectric generator plant can be divided into three main components: the generator,turbine, and hydro source. A diagram of the plant and these components is shown in Figure 1.For the purpose of the project, each of these main components was mapped to one of theconstituent engineering disciplines for completion by a student team. The generator became the Page 24.178.4primary responsibility of the electrical and computer engineers, the turbine became thewheelhouse of the mechanical engineers, and the hydro source became the focus of the civil andenvironmental engineers. For the project iteration detailed in this paper, the civil

Conference Session

Gender Perceptions and Girls in K-12 Engineering and Computer Science

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christina Deckard, SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific; David Quarfoot, SDSU/UCSD; Kimberly C Csanadi

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Targeting Middle School Girls and Their Parents (Research-to-Practice)BackgroundScience, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are at the forefront of our nation'sagenda. Both national and global advancement and sustainability are contingent upon fosteringdiscovery and development in the STEM disciplines. Porter and Stern[1] point to the importanceof scientific and technical talent to the national economic performance. However, “there is aquiet crisis building in the United States” reports Jackson[2], who asserts that the increasing gapbetween the nation’s need for scientists, engineers, and other technically-skilled workers, and itsproduction of them, could jeopardize the nation’s technical pre-eminence and

Conference Session

Principles of K-12 Engineering Education and Practice

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; George D Ricco, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Lagomorph phys- iology. He resides in Lafayette, Indiana, and in-between job interviews spends time with his Leporidae life partner, Rochelle Huffington Nibblesworth. Page 24.180.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Analysis of Design Process Knowledge Task Responses: Statistical Approaches to Uncover PatternsIntroductionWhile engineering design has been included as a key criterion in assessing undergraduateengineering programs for decades [1], it has more recently been recognized as a national sciencestandard for K-12 curricula with the release of the Next

Conference Session

New Trends in Computing and Information Technology Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rob Elliott, Purdue University School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

to infuse recorded coursematerials and automated assessment into a traditional classroom-based course. In short theflipped classroom asks students to interact with course material prior to coming to the classroomso that face-to-face time can be used for active learning [1, 2]. Flipping provides students earlierexposure to course topics in order to give them a common vocabulary and fundamentalknowledge to be immediately applied in inquiry-based learning activities.This study describes the student attitudes of the flipped classroom, as measured by anonymoussurvey data collected at the start, midpoint, and end of the semester. The course examined in thestudy is a sophomore-level computer systems analysis and design from the fall semester of

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pradeep Kashinath Waychal, College of Engineering Pune, Innovation Centre

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

members do not requireexternal awards for their motivation, they are far fewer in number. We argue that majority ofthe faculty members move up the ladder of motivation only when they receive externalrewards. We verified this premise by conducting a survey of 22 faculty members at aworkshop on engineering education. We asked them to rate the statement, ‘A proper rewardand recognition system must be developed at colleges’ on the Likert scale of 1 to 5 andreceived the rating of 4.54, which underlines the desperate need for an award system.Richardson, et al. conducted a study to find the factors that influence faculty motivationwherein they spoke to 26 faculty members at a college across ranks, genders anddepartments. The found that 19 of the faculty

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R. Reisel, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Marissa Jablonski, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Arash Kialashaki P.E., University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Ethan V. Dupe-Munson, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Hossein Hosseini, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

adaptivequestioning to learn the extent of a student’s knowledge of a subject, and then designs itsinstruction to address the topics for which the student is ready. ALEKS does not rely onmultiple choice questions, but rather has the students enter answers using math symbolsfor each problem. Further details on the usage of ALEKS in this program can be found inReisel, et al.11Table 1 provides a summary of the number of students in each cohort, the number ofstudents who improved their math placement through the bridge program, and thenumber of students who participated in the bridge program who then enrolled in Math116 and Math 231 in the Fall semester. Note that all the students who enrolled in Math231 had placed up into Calculus I through the bridge program

Conference Session

Renewable Energy Topics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ulan Dakeev, University of Michigan, Flint; Quamrul H. Mazumder, University of Michigan, Flint; Toufiq Hussain, University of Michigan, Flint; James Tristan Pung, University of Michigan-Flint

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

output by more than 60% [1-4]. A wind tunnel apparatus (WTA) is a shrouding that isplaced in front of the wind turbine [4]. The inlet of the WTA is larger in diameter than the outletand is based upon the equation of continuity where the product of the wind velocity at the inlet(v1) and the cross-sectional area at the inlet (A1) is equal to the product of the wind velocity at theoutlet (v2) and the cross-sectional area at the outlet (A2): v1A1= v2A2 [1]Equation 1 shows that as the area decreases the velocity of the air is forced to increase.Additionally, the increase of the air velocity causes the wind turbine to generate a higher poweroutput because the power