Collection

2020 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Victor Alonso Bradford, University of Missouri - College of Engineering; Tojan Rahhal, University of Missouri - Columbia; Hani Salim P.E., University of Missouri - Columbia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Development Academy toconnect students to different industry professionals. Table 1 shows a few of the experiencesstudents had in regards to major and career exploration.Table 1. Fall 2019 ESBP company site visits and industry presentations Company Site Visits Industry Presentations PepsiCo Quaker Oats BlueScope Buildings North American Spartan Light Metals Shelter Insurance Veteran’s United Home Loans Keurig Dr. Pepper Aurora Organic Dairy Cerner MU Research ReactorCommunity BuildingBest retention practices state that students who form a strong sense of community early in theiracademic career tend to retain and persist at a higher rate than those who do not. As a primarygoal of the

Collection

2020 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Jacqueline Ann Stagner P.Eng., University of Windsor; Jennifer Sears, University of Windsor; Giselle St Louis, University of Windsor; Jennifer L Johrendt, University of Windsor

Tagged Topics

Diversity

c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Work In-Progress: Mental Health Initiatives and TAO at the University of WindsorIntroductionThe University of Windsor in Ontario, Canada is a public, comprehensive and researchuniversity with 12,000 undergraduate students.  The Faculty of Engineering has a cohort of 1500full- and part-time undergraduate students, of which 20% are female and 25% are international.Resources that focus on supporting the first-year cohort include the University’s Mental HealthStrategy [1] and the Post-Secondary Student Mental Health Guide [2]. These two agreementssupport the student experience as described in the University’s Strategic Mandate Agreementwith the Government of

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Laura Bottomley, North Carolina State University; James Samuel Carter III, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

women students inthe College of Engineering at NC State University [1]. The program was first outlined in 2009 atthe ASEE Annual Conference. When the program was started, admitted students with the lowestmath SAT scores were invited to attend. This decision was taken, because internal researchindicated that math performance was predictive of engineering retention, and it was desired toincrease the retention of engineering students who identify as female. Over time, the SAT scoresof admitted engineering students have increased significantly. Additionally, the activitiesdesigned to instill confidence in mathematics were determined through assessment to have littleeffect. Therefore, the activities of the camp were redesigned to focus more on

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Zahraa Stuart, Stony Brook University; Angela M Kelly, Stony Brook University; Monica Bugallo, Stony Brook University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

interest andknowledge. Four different projects were designed: 1) a 3D-printed spirograph, 2) a night light, 3) anoptical intrusion detection with memory, and 4) a traffic light. Students who participated in the camp(N=56) built and optimized their own take-home electronic devices. Pre- and post-surveys were collectedto analyze the students’ engineering self-efficacy, knowledge, and engineering skills. Results suggestedthat students’ self-efficacy and beliefs in succeeding in engineering majors and careers increased aftertheir experiences in the camp; they also improved their engineering knowledge and skills (p

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Jan Cannizzo, Stevens Institute of Technology

unique opportunity to transition from a traditional lecture-based teaching method toevidence-based practices that promote ​active learning​ which, according to a large and growingbody of research, leads to deeper learning than listening to a lecture. See, for instance, [1], [2],and [3].Following an underwhelming online teaching experience in the spring of 2020, we looked forways to improve our upcoming summer and fall courses (which were also to be taught online) byincorporating more active learning into class periods. At some point, we discovered a paper ofPengelley [4] in which he describes a particularly simple ​flipped classroom​ teaching method thathe developed for in-person mathematics courses over many years. Broadly speaking, a

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Vazgen Shekoyan; sunil Dehipawala, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College; Dimitrios S. Kokkinos, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College; Rex Taibu; George Tremberger Jr; Tak Cheung

is an Associate Professor of Physics at Queensborough Community College of CUNY since 2017. He Completed his Electrical Engineering degrees (BE, ME, PhD) at CUNY and undergraduate in Physics in Europe. He worked in industry for AT&T Bell Labs and Verizon Commu- nications for 23 years as a telecommunications engineer specialized in fiber optical system research and development. He is teaching pre-Engineering Physics courses, conducts research in fiber sensors and mentors student research projects.Dr. Rex Taibu Dr. Rex Taibu has taught studio physics classes for several years. His teaching experience has shaped his research focus. Currently, Dr. Taibu is actively engaged in 1) promoting scientific inquiry

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

sunil Dehipawala, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College; Vazgen Shekoyan; Dimitrios S. Kokkinos, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College; Rex Taibu; George Tremberger Jr; Tak Cheung

Dr. Dimitrios Kokkinos is an Associate Professor of Physics at Queensborough Community College of CUNY since 2017. He Completed his Electrical Engineering degrees (BE, ME, PhD) at CUNY and undergraduate in Physics in Europe. He worked in industry for AT&T Bell Labs and Verizon Commu- nications for 23 years as a telecommunications engineer specialized in fiber optical system research and development. He is teaching pre-Engineering Physics courses, conducts research in fiber sensors and mentors student research projects.Dr. Rex Taibu Dr. Rex Taibu has taught studio physics classes for several years. His teaching experience has shaped his research focus. Currently, Dr. Taibu is actively engaged in 1

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Mojeed Olamide Bello, MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY; Nkiruka Jane Nwachukwu, Morgan State University; Ida Mougang Yanou N, Morgan State University; Niangoran Koissi, Morgan State University; Celeste Chavis P.E., Morgan State University; Oludare Adegbola Owolabi P.E., Morgan State University; Jumoke 'Kemi' Ladeji-Osias, Morgan State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Memberships Journals Reviewer: 2006 - Nucleosides Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 2010 - Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 - Current Chemical Biology 2010 - Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences Memberships 2007 - IS3NA (The International Society for Nucleosides Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids) 2009 - 2012 ASTS (African Society for Toxicological Sciences) 2009 - 2011 NOBCChE (National Orga- nization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers) 2012 - 2014 ACS (American Chemical Society), Organic Chemistry and Toxicology Divisions 2013 - 2014 Policy council of head Start (YMCA), Towson, MD Contribution to Science 1 - My previous research has been to understand the chemistry of

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

sunil Dehipawala, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College; Dimitrios S. Kokkinos, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College; Vazgen Shekoyan; Rex Taibu; George Tremberger Jr; Tak Cheung

in 1) promoting scientific inquiry attitudes in students through designing, implementing, and assessing in- novative inquiry based physics labs. 2) conducting research regarding the role of language in conceptual understanding. 3) exploring cosmic rays (detection, data collection, and analysis).Mr. George Tremberger Jr George Tremberger serves as Lecturer in City University of New York Queensborough Community Col- lege Physics Department and his interests include pedagogy and astronomy.Prof. Tak Cheung Tak Cheung, Ph.D., professor of physics, teaches in CUNY Queensborough Community College. He also conducts research and mentors student research projects. American

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Amitabha Bandyopadhyay, State University of New York, College of Technology at Farmingdale

Tagged Topics

Diversity

for civil engineering technology while others do not.One state describes civil engineering technologist duties as, “…may inspect portions of constructionprojects; take part in field survey work…make and check engineering computations; prepare portionsof written reports; assist in the design of highways and buildings including landscaping projects; andconduct complex field and laboratory tests of engineering materials [1].” This agency’s jobdescription goes further to state technologists may supervise technicians working for the agency.Although these persons are not in “responsible charge”, they have a large degree of responsibility andautonomy in performing their duties.Civil Engineering Technologist in IndustryASCE policy statement also

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Jeremy David Paquin, United States Military Academy; Matthew Louis Miller, United States Military Academy; Jes Barron, U.S. Military Academy

examinations are a popular method among disciplines withdense material that is generally not expected to be memorized. In an experimental evaluation ofopen book examinations, Kalish [1] found that average scores were not affected when comparingopen book and closed book examinations and concluded that open-book examinations maybenefit some students more than others. These findings were echoed by Bacon [2]. According toFeldhusen [3], students prepare less for an open-book examination, which may ultimatelydecrease their overall learning. The general argument for student preparation versus realisticexpectations for what should be memorized consistently appears as a common theme laid out inmany of the arguments from previous research. Raadt and

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Samuel C Lieber PE, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ashish D Borgaonkar, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

laboratories in their Mechatronic courses.1. IntroductionThe reshoring of manufacturing in the United States requires a retraining of a workforce toutilize advanced manufacturing tools and techniques and automation [1]. Automation requirestraining in mechatronics, which integrates mechanical and electrical systems to developautomated systems that are controlled with programming. Mechatronics is the foundation ofautomated systems and has become not only a need to shorten the current manufacturing skillsgap [2], but also serves as a platform to provide STEM education. Mechatronics is an important area of study for several STEM related fields, butspecifically for the applied ones such as Engineering Technology (ET). ET as a discipline hasexisted

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Yongchao Zhao, New York City College of Technology; Ashwin Satyanarayana, New York City College of Technology; Cailean Cooney, New York City College of Technology, CUNY

Tagged Topics

Diversity

withdrawal rates lowered significantly.1. IntroductionThe last decade has seen an increase in the open education movement including opencourseware, open textbooks, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC). The main focus of thismovement is on broadening access to information through the use of open and free content. Blissand Smith [1] explain the usefulness of this movement: “The implicit goal was to equalize accessto disadvantaged and advantaged peoples of the world – in MIT’s language, to create ‘a sharedintellectual Commons’.” This open movement and its ethos have been something of an antidoteto the disproportionate inflation of textbook costs over the past two decades [2], with the averageexpense for books and supplies estimated at $1,240 per year

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Dov B Kruger, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Gail P Baxter, Stevens Institute of Technology

Barbara. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Improving Pedagogy of Computer Programming Through Orthogonal Skill Isolationkeywords: learning programming, pedagogy programming, computational thinking, cognitiveoverload, formative assessment programming, C++, Java, assemblerAbstract Computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality,organization, and implementation of ​computer​ systems. ​At the university level, undergraduatestudents are taught computer architecture so they are better able to: (1) debug their programs and(2) write more efficient programs given an understanding of

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Nadir Yilmaz P.E., Howard University; Hyung D. Bae , Howard University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

education and theimportance of four-year graduation rates are as equally important as preparation of well-roundedengineers. Integration of CAD, FEA, and CFD as separate courses in undergraduate curricula or as partof fundamental core courses (e.g. fluid mechanics, solid mechanics) is commonly known [1-3].Especially CAD is widely accepted as a core course in many undergraduate engineeringcurricula. On the other hand, FEA and CFD are offered either as electives or as a component ofother common courses such as fluid mechanics and solid mechanics, to expose students to suchtools and software early on. However, integration of design and engineering analysis techniquesunder one core course is not a common approach, especially at the undergraduate

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Ping-Chuan Wang, State University of New York at New Paltz

illustrated.IntroductionWith the insatiable demand for technological advancement, complexities and challenges faced bytoday’s engineers are extending beyond the conventional scopes and responsibilities [1].Though discipline-specific skill sets remain essential for solving typical engineering problems, itis apparent that their limitations in handling modern applications are increasingly exposed. Also,the boundaries among traditional disciplines are becoming much less defined as the areas ofinterest expand and overlap. Therefore, interdisciplinary skill, communication, and collaborationbecome ever more critical in today’s industry and society [2], [3], and providing interdisciplinaryopportunities for engineering students to extend their skill and experience beyond

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Patricia Muisener, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Gail P Baxter, Stevens Institute of Technology; Guillermo D. Ibarrola Recalde, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

subject matter expertise, adeep understanding of effective pedagogy and experience and/or interest in adopting evidence-based teaching practices. With support from the National Science Foundation, Stevens Institute ofTechnology began working with cohorts of teaching faculty who teach the core Science, Math andEngineering courses taken by 85% of first year students. Faculty worked together for three yearsto change their instructional practices with the goal to increase the use of active learning andfacilitate development of deep and transferable learning [1]. The General Chemistry curriculum atStevens Institute of Technology, as part of this NSF Foundations project, was redesigned tofacilitate student engagement, motivation and interaction with

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Benjamin Michael Wallen P.E., United States Military Academy; Diana M Thomas, United States Military Academy

spreadbest remote teaching practices university-wide. In addition to dissemination of strong onlinepedagogy, office hours built a diverse faculty, staff and student support services community at atime when forming face-to-face relationships were challenging.IntroductionWith the sharp shift to remote and hybrid classes, faculty in higher education were faced with avast set of new teaching modalities, technology and class timings. To assist faculty, with thistransition, colleges began offering more workshops [1] and national discipline basedorganizations devoted entire conferences [2] to help train faculty. While workshops andconferences may seem attractive, they are frequently poorly attended [3]. While the specificreasons for poor attendence are

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Johannes Weickenmeier, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Mechanical Engineering Summer Undergraduate ResearchProgram. Here, we report on our experience and summarize our key learnings from our successful12-week program.1. IntroductionUndergraduate research is afundamental part of theresearch activities in mostlaboratories at institutions ofhigher education [1].Integration in ongoingresearch work is a uniquelearning experience andtypically compliments astudent’s academiccurriculum. According toBloom’s taxonomy, see Figure1, analyzing, evaluating, and Figure 1 Bloom's Taxonomy outlines educational learning objectives into levels ofcreating is the most effective complexity and specificity [2]. Our research program builds on

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Alex K Antunes, Capitol Technology University

avoid drifting too far into emphasizingentertainment over education. Pragmatics accept that a student is shaped by the mass media theyconsume, and that classes are in competition to this. It is important that teachers indicate tostudents that, while the class is a medium that students must attend and consume, it is also aprocess in which the students have a voice and can provide feedback and concerns in real time.BackgroundGeri et al note that "in learning contexts, sometimes the message is complex, or cannot betransferred in a short format"[1], as well as the need for instructors to mix lectures withinteractive content. With the understanding that a mix of content (rather than a straightclass-long lecture) is necessary, creating a structure

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rachel Figard, North Carolina State University; Pippin Payne, North Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Student

help Scholars fulfill their five competencies).Student Council as a Case StudyWe interviewed past and present Grand Challenge Scholars (both council and non-councilmembers) to gather feedback on the changes brought by the implementation of the studentcouncil. Of the 90 Scholars surveyed, 50% responded. The survey questions listed in Table 1were answered online, so that the responders could remain anonymous. We understand that thissurvey could be biased based on the individuals who chose to respond to these questions.Table 1. Open-ended interview questions Category Questions Prior to Changes 1. How was the Grand Challenge Scholars Program affecting you individually in 2017

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Best Paper Finalists

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dina Verdín, Arizona State University; Jessica Mary Smith, Colorado School of Mines; Juan C. Lucena, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Student Research Award and the Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP) Distinguished Scholar Award. Dina’s dissertation proposal was selected as part of the top 3 in the 2018 American Educational Research Association (AERA) Division D In-Progress Research Gala. Dina was a 2016 recipient of the National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship and an Honorable Mention for the Ford Foundation Fellowship Program.Dr. Jessica Mary Smith, Colorado School of Mines Jessica M. Smith is Associate Professor in the Engineering, Design & Society Division at the Colorado School of Mines and Co-Director of Humanitarian Engineering. She is an anthropologist with two major research areas: 1) the

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Claire Duggan, Northeastern University; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University; Richard R. Harris, Northeastern University; Brad Lehman; Russell Faux; Luis Rafael Frias II

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

the creation and maintenance of a program supporting transfer URM students into engineering. This effort has considerable implications for the STEM professions, such as engineering, where racial/ethnic minorities, first-generation, women and the socio-economically disadvantaged constitute a disproportionately low percentage of the workforce. As noted in the ASEE yearly report, only 11.4% of bachelor’s degrees in engineering were earned by Hispanic students and only 4.2% were earned by Black/African American students in the 2018 academic year. [1] As a result of this talent development challenge, colleges and universities around the country are placing a growing emphasis on programs that allow students to gain work and research experience and

Conference Session

Degree Pathways and Cocurricular Experiences

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joanna Mirecki Millunchick, University of Michigan; Yixian Zhou

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

scorestend to increase with increasing frequency of participation. Nevertheless, we see no statisticallysignificant differences between the regular, super, and selective groups for most of the outcomes,suggesting that the highly active or officer level involvement isn’t related to gains in outcomescompared to more moderate (regular, non-officer). The only outcome for which this is not true isGPA, which is doesn’t change significantly between different clusters of participants.IntroductionIt is well established that participation in co-curricular experiences in college has significantimpact on student outcomes.[1], [2] It has been shown that co-curricular activities that are relatedto the academic endeavor are positively related to self-efficacy in

Collection

2020 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Amanda Marie Singer, Michigan Technological University; Jason Mathews, Michigan Technological University; Michelle E Jarvie-Eggart P.E., Michigan Technological University

-semester first year engineering students from a publicmidwestern technical university were asked open ended questions about their definitions ofvarious engineering disciplines. Qualitative analysis of results involved coding for emergentthemes [1] by two undergraduate researchers and one faculty member to discover themes instudents’ understanding of the various engineering disciplines. This paper focuses on the resultsfrom a subset of 53 students, who were surveyed about their definition of systems engineering.All first-year engineering students complete a common first year course plan at this universitywhich includes engineering explorations to learn about the various disciplines. The selection ofan engineering major is a fundamental focus of

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jennifer Serne, Central Washington University; David Wesley Martin, Central Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

methods such as Construction Management at Risk, Design/Build,Lean Construction, and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) now account for most constructioncontracts.1 However, the use of these increasingly collaborative project delivery systems does notensure collaboration. For example, although Lean Construction proponents frequently employthe principles of IPD, success does not occur on every project. The reasons for failures areconsiderable, but one commonly cited cause is the inability of the construction managers, onthese projects, to manage conflict in a cooperative manner or adjust their mindsets to operatewithin a collaborative framework. Although individuals with strong records of success onprevious projects are often selected to manage

Conference Session

Embedded Systems and Cybersecurity in ECE

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James Peyton Jones, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

associatedlecture course in order to apply, analyze and create embedded / IOT solutions to practicalengineering problems. Rubric-based assessment demonstrates that the large majority (>90%) ofthe class met these outcomes. A further outcome relates to improved motivation and learningthrough reversing the traditional course sequence. Assessment of this outcome is still a work inprogress but initial survey results are encouraging and show that the course was well received.IntroductionEmbedded systems and the Internet of Things (IOT) are becoming increasingly important withapproximately the same number of IOT devices as people on the planet [1], so it is important toreflect these changes in the Engineering Curriculum. Traditional courses tend to adopt

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hassan Rajaei, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

and howthey can advance to more sophisticated scenarios. Like a computer game, students become excitedto improve their level of knowledge and go beyond a simple laboratory. They develop the datamodel, implement a base, then improve to intermediate and advanced models. Like a game, severalstudents often go beyond and develop additional scenarios of their own interest.1. IntroductionSimulation in education is a well-known and an established field. Engineering education, defensetraining, and medical exercises are a few noticeable examples. As part of the degree requirements,engineering students often learn how to use modeling and simulations for their future workplaces.Whether designing and constructing bridges, buildings, auto vehicles

Conference Session

Design Teams 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eltahry Elghandour, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lauren Anne Cooper, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

groups, and team peer evaluations).BackgroundThere are many different approaches to team formation described in the literature (see Barkley etal. [1] for review), including random assignment, self-selection, and instructor assignment. In alarge course (e.g., 50 projects and 160 students), the process of forming teams is particularlychallenging [2]. There are some algorithms (www.catme.org) that have been developed to try toimprove this process by considering a specified set of parameters [3], but these processes leavestudents with minimal agency in the final decision. Despite the best efforts of faculty, studentsare sometimes unhappy with their assigned team and/or project. This dissatisfaction, ifunchecked, can result in poor team performance

Conference Session

Maker Spaces in Design Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carolyn Keller, University of Wisconsin, Platteville ; Jodi F. Prosise, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Philip J. Parker P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

encouraging creativity and hands-on fabrication skills in students. The benefitsof providing high-impact opportunities are evident to prospective students and the employers thatwill one day hire them. At our institution, we have a unique opportunity to expand on previousresearch on makerspaces as we design a new building which will include a 20,000 squarefoot Innovation Center.While the benefits of makerspaces are well-documented, increasingly so arethe potential shortcomings [1], [2]. It is critical to design welcoming and inclusive spaces thatsupport all types of learners. We addressed this challenge by conducting a needs andopportunities assessment of our currently available fabrication areas. Data werecollected through interviewing faculty, staff