Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madeleine C Brannon, George Washington University ; Zoe Szajnfarber; Thomas Andrew Mazzuchi, George Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

process, calculate takt time, and identify how to Balance and 6Sthe process.Week 5 concluded with a lecture on designing a test plan which would help the students with thetest day for the navigation challenge. The lecture emphasized the importance of testing andcreating a design which is flexible enough to account for reasonable variability. The studentswere assumed to have no statistical training and therefore, the lecture reflected their level ofcomprehension. Students were encouraged to think of the program they had created so far fortheir maze competition and what problems they could face if the maze was designed in a certainway which they had not yet anticipated. F. Week 6On week 6, students were given a brief overview of Systems

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering Resources: Best Practices in Curriculum Design, Part 2 of 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristin M Brevik, The University of North Dakota; Bradley Bowen, North Dakota State University; Frank M. Bowman, University of North Dakota; Kristi Jean, North Dakota State College of Science

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

which enhance overall student learning byaffirming that students’ contributions and ideas have value.‘You’re Hired!’ is designed to be a series of short term interventions that give students authenticexperiences that can later be built on in the classroom. During the activity teachers are availablefor student support, but also have the opportunity to stand back and observe student learning.This allows teachers to see gaps within students’ ability to utilize educational material and takenotes. In the following days in the classroom, teachers now have a personal experience forstudents to reflect on while revisiting key material. For example, an English teacher at oneschool realized that while students had learned about citations, many of the

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ala A. Qattawi, Automotive Engineering Department at Clemson University –International Center for Automotive Research (CU-ICAR); Paul J. Venhovens, Clemson University; Johnell Brooks, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Conference Session

Student Beliefs, Motivation and Self Efficacy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micah Stickel, University of Toronto; Siddarth Hari, University of Toronto; Qin Liu, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

study.Table 3. Descriptive Statistics of Indicators for Cohort Comparisons Traditional Cohort Inverted Cohort % or % or n Mean (SD) n Mean (SD) Learning Style - Active/Reflective: Reflective 266 53% 285 58% Learning Style - Sensing/Intuitive: Sensing 266 61% 285 63% Learning Style - Visual/Verbal: Visual 266 79% 285 81% Learning Style - Sequential/Global: Sequential 266 60% 285 62% Prior academic

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Yvonne Lanzerotti, Air Force Institute of Technology; Maggie Varga, SOCHE; Sean J. Creighton, SOCHE; Derrick Langley, Air Force Institute of Technology; Diana Lynn Cahill, Air Force Institute of Technology; Richard K. Martin, The Air Force Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

Program will bediscussed, and the results and findings will be compared with results from the 2012 Program.The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Page 24.1279.4IntroductionTo meet the technology needs of our increasingly complex global society, engineers in the 21stcentury are now expected to exhibit key attributes to ensure their success and the success of theengineering profession, according to the National Academy of Sciences in their groundbreaking2004 report entitled The Engineer of 2020

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lelli Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego; Nathan Delson, eGrove Education

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Solids of Revolution 2. Combining Solid Objects 3. *Isometric Drawing & Coded Plans 4. *Orthographic Drawings 5. *Inclined and Curved Surfaces 6. Flat Patterns 7. *Rotation of Objects About a Single Axis 8. *Rotation of Objects About Two or More Axes 9. *Object Reflections and Symmetry 10. Cutting Planes and Cross SectionsSince a significant number of assignments arepublished in the workbook, to reduce therequirement of digitizing all of the assignmentsand solutions in order to integrate them into theSVT app, only the sketching assignments thatwere assigned in the sample course on theEngage Engineering site were used.Modules 4 and 5 require the users to learn howto draw orthographic

Conference Session

New Teaching Methods in Mechanics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ruben Pierre-Antoine, Stanford University; Sheri D. Sheppard, Stanford University; Mark Schar, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

the course4. A concept map is essentially a mental web of connected terms or topics,where the centermost term is the primary learning focus and lines are used to connect relatedconcepts. This results in a web of interconnected concepts that reflect the way studentsassimilate the new information. The three main questions guiding the study reported here are: 1) How can we decode the variety of ideas and structures that students include in their concept maps? 2) How can we use discoveries from this decoding to make lectures and labs more effective? 3) What improvements can be made to the way students are assigned drawing concept maps to further increase the usefulness of concept maps in capturing their learning? The

Conference Session

The Use of Games and Unique Textbooks in Mathematics Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Reeping, Ohio Northern University; Kenneth J. Reid, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

problems involving the engineering design process, criticaland creative thinking, and technology applications (such as JMP, Pspice, TI Calculator software,CAS) are planned for inclusion.The textbook offers an authentic opportunity to tie content to the Next Generation ScienceStandards and Common Core standards in Mathematics. Authentic examples provide a realisticcontext in, for example, "Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems" (NGSS) and "Modelwith mathematics," from the Standards of Mathematical Practice in the Common Core,Mathematics standards 3,4.Reflection on Mathematics Textbooks Before DevelopmentTextbooks have been the common tools for communicating mathematics to students alongsidethe demonstration of practice problems on the board

Conference Session

Approaches to Mathematics Curriculum to Include Projects and Technologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville; Patricia A Ralston, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

adoption of different educational technologies; these included the school wideadoption of tablet PCs, participation in workshops on different educational technologies, andpublished literature on STEM education and educational technologies.Determining the impact of adopted technologies on teaching and learning in the department’sengineering mathematics classes presents many challenges: individual differences in studentsand faculty are hard to control for, course grade may not always reflect an improvement inteaching and learning, qualitative improvements can be difficult to measure, and a host of otherchallenges most educators are familiar with. In literature on the educational technology, resultshave included: cost savings, reductions in DFW rates

Conference Session

FPD 8: Teaching Design in the First Year

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Scott Bates, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

“speed dating” session with themwhere they asked about how they chose their major and what they would have done differently.The design process was presented, and then the students were then introduced to the grandchallenges. During the 2012 class, eight weeks were used to discuss and learn about the grandchallenges, during the 2013 class, only four weeks were allotted. Condensing the time spent onthe grand challenges increased the rigor of the course. Reflection assignments during this timewere designed to assess their understanding of the grand challenges as well as to provide theapplication of the design process. Students learned how to translate the challenges intomanageable problem and needs statements. Each week, the topic went slightly

Conference Session

Sustainability and Hands-on Engineering Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Ross Pfluger P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Philip J. Dacunto, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy; Michael Hendricks, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

many random, turbulent eddies. These random fluctuations willdisperse the pollutant away from the plume centerline, resulting in a normal or Gaussiandistribution of concentrations in both the vertical (z) and crosswind (y) directions. Assuming aconstant wind in the x direction, a non-reacting pollutant, and total reflection from the ground,the concentration of pollutants downwind at any point x, y, and z can be predicted with thefollowing equation:4 Q  y2    z  H 2    z  H 2  C exp   exp     exp    2u y z  2 2   2 z2   2 z2

Conference Session

Innovations in Computer Engineering Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bill D Carroll P.E., University of Texas, Arlington; Shawn N Gieser, University Of Texas At Arlington; David Levine, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Page 24.54.9 Students were required to write a project report to document their design, implementation, and test results. The quality of reports was uneven across the class. On reflection, this result is understandable given that, typically, our students have not taken a technical communications course before taking the digital logic course. On the last day of class, students were asked to complete a survey concerning their experiences relative to laboratory exercises and term project. See Table 3 for a summary of the results. The same survey will be given at the end of the current (spring 2014) offering of the course. Generally speaking, the survey results are consistent with the observations of the authors. The

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Scott Bell, Kansas State University; Eugene Y. Vasserman, Kansas State University; Eleanor C. Sayre, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

during the 1970s 9 . Since that time, the importance and need fora workforce skilled in cybersecurity has grown rapidly 17 . Due to this rapid growth, and thetremendous breadth of material that falls under the umbrella of cybersecurity, a wide array ofcontent and pedagogical practices have been incorporated into today’s cybersecurityclassrooms.While this diversity reflects the reality of cybersecurity education, it is a major hindrance to thedevelopment of a consistent model for cybersecurity education. Areas which could beincorporated into this domain, include: computer architecture, criminology/law, cryptography,databases, human-computer interaction, information retrieval, information theory,management/business, mathematics, military science

Conference Session

STEM and ECE

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Khosrow Ghadiri, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

-managed and Page 24.391.8effective learning unit. The faculty takes great pains to foster this growth and help manage theseteams throughout the semester.The live portion of the class necessitates the utmost faculty preparation and organization. In thefirst ten minutes of the class, a question and answer discussion is held reflecting the materialcovered in e-learning to gauge the level of understanding of the students. Concurrently, theteacher assistants gather e-learning surveys that the students filled out after watching the onlinelectures. The results are quickly compiled identifying common difficulties for the faculty toaddress. A 15-minute

Conference Session

Laboratory Applications of Computers

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abul K. M. Azad, Northern Illinois University; Pramod P. Kaushik, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

(Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science,Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) project, award number DUE-1140502. Anyopinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Pretz, Kathy, A new IEEE group is taking on the quest to connect everything, IEEE The Institute, October, 2013. (http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-focus/technology-topic/exploring-the-impact-of-the-internet- of-things)[2] Gunkel, David, Communication and Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges for the 21st Century, Communication +1, 1(1), 2012.[3] Lowe, D., Murray, S., Lindsay, E., and

Conference Session

Use of Technology for Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University ; Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; M. Eric Carr, Drexel University; Aurel Mathews

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

based on experimental data; (5) validation of the green energymanufacturing laboratory models through several student projects. We also continuously improved theexperimental activities as well as the teaching modules based also on student project evaluations. Thequestionnaire is designed to reflect the students’ understanding of the overall micro manufacturingenergy system and target the benefits of technologies for high precision engineering applications. Thehistograms in Figure 19 demonstrate the evaluation results for the questionnaire provided to thestudents. The students evaluate the following question statements on the scale from1 to 5, where 1indicates “strongly disagree” and 5 indicates “strongly agree.”1. I have grasped the green

Conference Session

ME Laboratories and Undergraduate Research

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sriram Sundararajan, Iowa State University; James Dautremont

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

while the remainderconducted the exercises in the ‘remote’ mode. In both cases, teaching assistant (TA) supervision Page 24.431.8was present for this study and the group size was the same for all the labs (typically 3 students)..We did not modify the laboratory instruction manual to reflect specifics of the virtual controlscreens nor did we establish the rationale for the remote laboratories to the students throughwritten instructions. Students were told that they were participating in a pilot study by the TAsand were instructed to complete a Likert survey querying them on various aspects of thelaboratory experience

Conference Session

Electrical Energy Courses - Labs and Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tan Ma, Florida International University; Osama A. Mohammed, Florida International University; Brandy Louie Serrano, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

towirelessly control power flow in a hybrid AC-DC power system. The methodologyencompasses numerous educational aspects that teach the undergraduate student a myriadof engineering concepts, all essential to his/her success as an engineer. Upon completingthis methodology with the instructor, the student will have been introduced to powerelectronics concepts such as microgrids, plug-in electric vehicles, power flow, anddevices such as bidirectional converters. The student has also familiarized themselveswith the fundamentals of Matlab Simulink and has gained a greater understanding ofmicrocontrollers and how they can be utilized to control power electronics devices on abasic level. The student should be able to reflect on all of these new and

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffery L. Loo, University of California, Berkeley; Lisa T. Ngo, University of California, Berkeley; Cody K. Hennesy, University of California, Berkeley; Brian D. Quigley, University of California, Berkeley; Jean McKenzie, University of California, Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

and central campus for technology and instructional design support.2. Create problem-based learning, • Center instruction on skills development formultimedia rich, and interactive resolving core information challenges in themodules to facilitate self-directed library research process.learning • Facilitate learner-content interaction for students to elaborate and reflect on the course content through interactive online quizzes. These quizzes could offer automated evaluation

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Design

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amit Shashikant Jariwala, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sarvagya Vaish, Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology ; David W. Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

invitestudents into their group by entering their login username. Upon joining, the new studentmember can edit/update the submitted bid to reflect the renewed strength of the team to work onthe project based on the addition of the new team member. Page 24.478.8 Figure 5 Groups' View for StudentsProject-team assignmentsOnce all the bids from all teams are received, they are sorted and presented in form of a matrix ofteam names and project titles indicating the priorities ranks specified by the teams as shown inpartial Table 1 (from Fall 2013 data). The top row, E1, E2, etc. indicates the project code and thenumbers

Conference Session

FPD 9: First-Year Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roy W. Melton, Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology; Shanchieh Jay Yang, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Adriana Becker-Gomez, Rochester Institute of Technology (KGCOE)

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

requirements are in Table 5. Part data sheetsand schematics for basic connections were also provided. To get teams started, a hands-ontutorial session with the mbed NXP LPC11U24 microcontroller board was held in the fourthweek. Then teams worked independently with their mentors over the next two weeks. Table 4. Materials Provided Provided Parts · RACE-TIN radio-controlled 1:16-scale model of the Dodge Challenger SRT8® 392 · Up to 3 sets of four AA batteries · ARM mbed NXP LPC11U24 microcontroller board · Pololu QTR-8A reflective sensor array · TI L293D motor driver chip · Small breadboard · Jumper wires · Storage containerIn the seventh week, class time was used for each team to

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manuel D. Rossetti, University of Arkansas; Kim LaScola Needy, University of Arkansas; Edgar C. Clausen, University of Arkansas; Carol Schubert Gattis, University of Arkansas; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation. Page 24.532.9Bibliography1. Rossetti, M. Clausen, E., Gattis, C. S., Hale, M., & Needy, K. L. (2013) On the development of a student integrated intern research experience as a pathway to graduate studies. 2013 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference Proceedings. Atlanta, GA.2. Peppas, Nicholas A. “Student Preparation for Graduate School Through Undergraduate Research.” Chemical Engineering Education, V15 (3), pp135-137, Summer, 1981

Conference Session

Topics in Computing and Information Technologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abul K. M. Azad, Northern Illinois University; Namratha Siripragada, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

, and Mathematics) project, award number DUE-1140502. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this materialare those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Elliott, S. and Kukula, E. (2007), The Challenges Associated with Laboratory-Based Distance Education, EDUCASE Quarterly, pp. 37-42.[2] Saleem, A. I. and Al-Aubidy, K. M. (2008), Mixed Reality Environment for Web-Based Laboratory Interactive Learning, International Journal of Online Engineering, 4(1), pp. 40-45[3] Gomes, L. and Bogosyan, S. (2009). Current Trends in Remote Laboratories, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56(12), pp. 4744-4756.[4] García

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott C Streiner, University of Pittsburgh; Sydnie Cunningham Cunningham, University of Tulsa; Shaobo Huang, University of Southern California; Svetlana Levonisova, University of Southern California; Cheryl Matherly, The University of Tulsa; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Daria A Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

International

standing,), educational background (e.g. university, major, QPA), travel abroad/international experiences (e.g. level of interest in international issues, foreign languageproficiency), and characteristics of the international experiences (e.g. programmatic elements ofexperiences such as duration, amount of reflection, and comfort zone). The background surveywill be used as independent predictor variables to help explain the results of the outcomeinstruments (EGPI and GPI). In addition, each site has recruited a comparison set of seniorengineering students who have not had an academic-based experience and a third sample ofincoming freshmen without international experience to provide a baseline. After analyzing thedata, a smaller subset of these

Conference Session

Developing the Design Skillset

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claes Fredriksson, Granta Design, Cambridge (UK); Mats Eriksson, Univeristy West; Hannah Melia, Granta Design, Ltd.

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

examination of the course is differentiated depending on which learning outcome to assess.Students’ knowledge on product development theory is assessed through written examscontaining questions on the contents of the course literature (textbooks and research papers).The ability of students to perform a structured development project, including to identify andsolve problems, evaluate solutions as well as their use of tools and methods is evaluated andassessed in weekly meeting with the examiner. At these meetings, each student has to be reportand reflect on the work done and results obtained. Finally, the work is summarized by the studentgroups in an extensive written report. The project is also presented orally to the class.3. Product Development

Conference Session

Teaching Communication II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judith Shaul Norback, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tristan T. Utschig, Georgia Institute of Technology; Anthony Joseph Bonifonte, Georgia Institute of Technology; Gloria J. Ross, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

discussion with both coders. The themes with the most commentsrepresented several stakeholders who shared common feedback for how to modify the scoringsystem. For example, for the skill on “taking questions,” five stakeholders suggested that theskill definition needed further clarification and specific indicators. Once these themes wereverified and finalized, they were used to guide modifications of the scoring system.Final Inter-Rater Reliability TestingData CollectionIt should be noted that a number of skills were not modified at all because they were alreadyhighly reliable. For these skills, changes to the supplemental instructional materials will be madeto reflect the suggestions provided by the scoring system stakeholders.To analyze the inter

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; Anthony Radzins, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

from the middle of thefront tire touching the ground to the middle of rear tire touching the ground. Although these measurements do not represent all vehicles, it will suffice for our initialtesting. The speed reducer should be wide enough so that no noncommercial or nonemergencyvehicle can drive over it without having to turn. So, from the measurements gathered, 80” shouldbe a suitable test Width and 148” for Base. These numbers both reflect the measurements of theChevy Silverado because it is the largest consumer vehicle that we measured. Since our exampletarget for the speed reducer will be 25 miles per hour we can convert this to feet per second todetermine the distance for each turn: Now that we know the distance a vehicle

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Radian G. Belu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

through digital simulation approaches. The class contains50% synchronized classroom lectures and 50% asynchronized web-based lectures. (Note:Virtual facility -2 is used in this course). Prerequisite: Senior standing or instructor approval.IE/ME 4395 Design for Manufacturability (new course, elective course)This course focuses on manufacturing and incorporates many of the processes developed by theintegrated manufacturing industry, as well as novel techniques developed by scientists from alltechnical research areas including engineering, and mathematics. Principles of design formanufacturability and micro machining, assembly, measurement and medical manufacturing arecovered in this class. Learning outcomes should reflect (1) students being able to

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ben D Radhakrishnan, National University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

text books these days come up with new editions more often than before, this SCLactivity keeps the students informed about the latest happenings in the subject they are learning.Students’ feedback comments reflect that they are anxious to hear about the latest developments asthey come to each class – they have a different expectation at the beginning of each class.Learner-Centric SCLThe main learning base here is focused on learners becoming ‘creators’ with their own ideaswhich advances creativity/innovation and uses any and all prior knowledge the learners mightbring to the table. This is a team activity and involves the student-teams designing, creating

Conference Session

Assessment in Construction Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Caroline Hurtado, Arizona State University; Dean Takeo Kashiwagi; Kenneth Timothy Sullivan, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Learned and Assessment Tool Target Questions Page 24.151.8Upon reflection of the past three semesters, the instructors derived lessons learned and areas ofpotential improvement for subsequent semesters as: the use of learning analytics, refined videodesign, and creation of course instructional method introductory materials. One of the areasneeding further research is how to best compare student performance in traditional versus richmedia environments, despite the dynamic nature of instruction in tailoring the approach to thestudents’ needs and content.In S2, the instructors were first introduced to learning analytics – a way for instructors to