-generation, LGBTQ, and special needs backgrounds [15]. These groups reportfeeling invisible and questioned about their scientific competencies compared to their White andAsian peers [15], [32]. Latine Doctoral Students and Cross-Cultural Mentoring Relationships in STEM FieldsAmong the full-time STEM doctoral program enrollment in the US context, Latine students, whoare citizens or permanent residents, constitute only about 6.9%, despite representing the nation’slargest marginalized group (19.5%) [5], [17], [25]. Parallel to the lack of diversity in the STEMstudent body, the percentage of Latine faculty members in the US higher education system isreported to be around 6% [26]. This number is even more drastically scarce within theengineering and
meaningfully in civicsolving, while low numeracy skills have also become more and everyday life.prevalent among working-age adults [18]. These deficiencieshinder individual achievement and limit workforce F. Addressing the Challenges: the Path Forwardadaptability. Several key factors contribute to these While broad, systemic reforms to strengthen criticalchallenges: thinking education are urgently needed, history shows that • Curriculum Constraints: Widespread reliance on large-scale educational changes—whether in math, reading, rigid curricula, high-stakes tests, and lecture-based writing, or critical thinking—are difficult
retrieved for full-text review. Upon assessing the full textfor eligibility, 17 articles were found to not fully meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria (e.g.literature review papers, articles outside of STEM fields, articles not focused on SLWD).Thirteen articles remained for consideration in this review. Table 1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Inclusion Criteria • Publications focused on AI-driven and new technologies that are specifically designed to support SLWD in STEM education. • Publications in the form of a peer-reviewed journal or conference article
Python for programming and data handling, GitHub for version control and teamwork, and Linux for command-line operations and setting up development environments. These tools not only supported the student’s work on this project but helped the student in passing interviews and securing jobs. 4. Communication and Information Dissemination Finally, the project placed a strong emphasis on clear and effective communication, both in writing and public speaking. The student wrote and co-authored a paper based on the project’s findings, which was ultimately published, and presented these findings at several conferences. Through these experiences, the student learned to tailor technical content to
approaches in the methodologies of teaching.uncertain. Ha2: There is a presence of significance among the participants of OPD and the inclusion of structural technologyD. Purpose of the Study approaches in the methodologies of teaching. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship RQ3: How does OPD contribute to the scalable leadershipbetween participation in online professional development development of the teachers while focusing on the enhancementcourses and their impact on digital literacy, technology of peer
open-ended questions asked by the observer after the game. If participants were unable to write like the 1st graders, theFig. 4: Minimax decision tree with alpha-beta pruning (shown with red dashedlines). The diagram represents Emma's decision-making process. observer recorded their responses. Older graders wrote their answers directly on the paper. The responses on the post- To make the game a bit easier for the human player, the assessment survey helped to "identify the AI character theydepth of the game tree searched by the algorithm is limited
include a graduate assistant, an undergraduate mentor, and five The initial thinking was that recruiting for the research undergraduate students. The research process is structuredcourse would be pretty easy as enrollment is up, and word of through a course module focused on conducting hands-onmouth from the current students would be an effective strategy experiments, developing solutions for real-life problems,for attracting other students. Unfortunately, according to the writing algorithms, presenting results in groups, classrooms,project leadership, even though the project was not designed and schools, reporting experimental results
eligibility stage. By addressing these questions, this review aims to provide Regarding inclusion criteria, the articles were selected thatactionable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2025,stakeholders to advance EV adoption. studies directly focused on EV adoption, including factors influencing adoption and methodologies employed, and the II. METHODOLOGY paper with a clear abstract, detailed methodology, and explicit The first part of the research design is to identify databases discussion of findings.to collect