Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Saeed Rokooei, Mississippi State University; Michelle Garraway, Mississippi State University; Ali Karji

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering

popular strategy is to have project-based learning with an emphasis on service.This approach is referred to as service-learning (SL) or community-engaged learning (CEL). Bringle andHatcher [2] describe SL as an educational experience where students participate in and reflect on activitiesthat meet identified community needs and further understand academic concepts and the broader 1context of the overall discipline. CEL provides a way for students to reflect on their experiences andinternalize them. In addition, having that practical experience helps students develop essential skills likecritical thinking and interpersonal communication [3]. Students enter higher education settings every yearto

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Irini Spyridakis, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

) communicating effectively, (4) recognizing ethical andprofessional responsibilities and considering the impact of engineering solutions, (5) functioningon a team in an inclusive environment, (6) analyzing and interpreting data, and (7) acquiring andapplying new knowledge [10].This paper describes the course module activities that help students succeed in completing theresearch report, the components of the research report, and grading checklists used by studentsfor creating successful deliverables and by instructors for grading guidance. This paper alsodescribes the assessment of students’ reports and student feedback in a reflection assignment.The paper ends with a discussion and conclusions.The Cross-Cultural Design Module and Cross-Cultural UI

Collection

2011 North Midwest Section

Authors

M. S. Stachowicz; L. B. Kofoed

Based Learning andProject Organized Learning and it has proven to be a successful education strategy in several highereducations also when the pedagogical models differ from each other. In the various definitions of PBLthe following three levels can be distinguished: Central theoretical learning principles; specificeducational models based on PBL principles; and different practices within the guidelines of traditionaleducational models [2]. In Denmark where Aalborg University was founded in 1976 the university wasbased on the PBL approach and it is a problem and project based model. The Aalborg PBL tradition Proceedings of the 2011 North Midwest Section Conferencebuilds on the experiential and reflective learning

Conference Session

Moral Development and Ethics Assessment in Engineering

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Charles J. Robinson, Clarkson University; Loretta Driskel, Clarkson University; Erin Blauvelt, Clarkson University; Laura Perry, Clarkson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

abruptly transitioned from face-to-face instruction to completely remote in Spring2020 (S20), and as it reappeared as a hybrid course in Fall 2020 (F20) and Spring 2021 (S21).The focus of this present paper is not on the instructional changes required by COVID (anddiscussed in our companion paper), but rather on how those in turn changed the approach to thehandling of ethical questions and to the assessments of students’ responses to those scenarios.One hypothesis is whether the content or style of the pre-post scenario answers and of thereflections changed between an answer handwritten under time-pressure and one electronicallycaptured with little time constraint. Did the answers or reflections measurably change if moretime were to be allowed for

Collection

2010 North Midwest Section

Authors

Swaminathan Balachandran; Justin Kile

of enhancing learningthrough service learning activities. The initial motivation for increasing student engagement inthe industrial engineering program was to satisfy the criteria for accrediting engineeringprograms by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. The more recentdevelopment is the establishment of PACCE at UW-Platteville. The paper presents a summary ofPACCE service learning projects and student reflections. INTRODUCTION TO IE PROGRAM AT UW-PLATTEVILLE The College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science consists of seven departments:Chemistry and Engineering Physics, Mathematics, Civil and Environmental Engineering,Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Software Engineering, General

Conference Session

Innovative Pedagogies Afforded Through Technology and Remote Learning

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shivam Jindal, New York University; Jack Bringardner, New York University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

one’s skills and experiences beyond the classroom. Astudy was conducted at NYU Tandon School of Engineering and found students lack support inidentifying and developing their career pathways. This study indicates that a combinede-portfolio and micro-credentialing platform could benefit students by a) providing students witha tool to reflect on and showcase their experiences, b) matching students with upper-class andalumni mentors in career pathways they are interested in, and c) providing them with curatedlists of on-campus and experiential opportunities and micro-credentials that would support theircareer pathways.IntroductionEvery student’s experience through engineering school culminates in different results -- students’future pathways range

Conference Session

Classroom Methodologies

Collection

2021 Illinois-Indiana Regional Conference

Authors

Julie Mendez, Indiana University-Purdue University Columbus

Tagged Topics

Classroom methodologies

, affordances within a learning managementsystem (LMS) were used to highlight student learning outcomes, require foundational coursecontent to be completed before attempting more complex topics, provide mastery-orientedfeedback, allow students to track their progress, and promote metacognitive reflection. Thispaper describes the use of these options within the Canvas LMS. Additionally, this studyinvestigated whether student self-regulatory behaviors changed during the course. Students wereasked to complete a survey about their metacognitive self-regulatory activities related to studyingfor this course. The first survey was completed during the fifth week of the course, after moststudents had completed two reflection assignments. The same survey

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rebekah J. Hammack, Montana State University; Nick Lux, Montana State University; Paul Gannon, Montana State University; Brock J. LaMeres, Montana State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

teachers and students. The diversity of the teacher workforce in the USA,however, does not reflect the diversity of the student population, resulting in most Americanstudents coming from different backgrounds than their teachers [1]. When teachers do notunderstand the different backgrounds of their students, learning can be inhibited. As Delpit [2]explains, “We educators set out to teach, but how can we reach the worlds of others when wedon't even know they exist?” (pg. 14).One way educators can learn more about the cultures of their students is through the use ofethnographic observation methods [3,4]. Through studying the communities and homes of theirstudents, teachers can identify local and familial funds of knowledge that students bring

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Diane L. Peters, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

, typically taken in the second half oftheir junior year or the first half of their senior year. Students in the course wrote an essay, as arequired assignment, in which they reflected on the links between their co-op work and thecourse, and were asked for permission to use those essays in the professor’s research on thistopic. Analysis of the essays shows that students typically did see connections; in many cases,these were connected to the course content. However, in other cases, students noted that they hadlearned problem-solving skills, time management, or other skills that were not directly connectedto the class content, which were also useful in their co-op assignments and future careers. Theresults of this work can be used to motivate students

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lisa Kaczmarczyk, Lisa Kaczmarczyk PhD Consulting, LLC; Daniel Pinedo, Lisa Kaczmarczyk PhD Consulting, LLC

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

acknowledging the importance of its personnel relationships, the project’s externalevaluation has gathered ongoing data about the communication between key faculty and staffstakeholders. The evaluation has focused on surfacing and making explicit targeted aspects ofpeer relationships that might otherwise have been taken for granted: levels of connectedness,trust and common understanding. Findings about the strengths and weaknesses of individualrelationships were used to engage the PIs in formative reflections about how those relationshipswere impacting the momentum and success of their project.As Patton has pointed out, a defining characteristic of evaluation is “the systematic collection ofinformation about the activities, characteristics, and

Collection

2021 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Conference

Authors

Paul Benjamin Crilly, United States Coast Guard Academy

will demonstrate this phenomenon using signals ofopportunity such as NIST’s 5 and 10 MHz time/frequency broadcasts. We also discussed howthe D-layer absorbs signals below 8 MHz and thus inhibits long distance transcontinental sky-wave radio propagation during the daylight hours.IntroductionRadio waves, like light waves normally travel in a straight lines. However, they can traverse theearth’s curve by means of diffraction, reflection, refraction or reflection. Signals that propagatebelow 10 km from the earth’s surface, are referred to as ground-waves, and those that propagatevia refraction or reflection off the ionosphere are referred to as sky-waves. These two means areillustrated in Figure 1. Ground wave propagation occurs over relatively

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

Maurice Thompson

tuition assistance, this program had various components that assured every scholar hadthe adequate academic support and professional development opportunities to succeed in their fieldof study. Data that reflects the impact of this program on student success in STEM fields at UNMwill be revisited through this presentation. Although the program ended nationwide in September2007, NTP at UNM left a great legacy among students, faculty and staff at UNM. Many studentshave gone on to professions with private industry, state and federal agencies. Proceedings of the 2008 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference The University of New Mexico – Albuquerque Copyright © 2008, American Society

Conference Session

Best Paper, Best Diversity Paper

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Maija A Benitz, Roger Williams University

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

, reflection papers, peerevaluations, and course surveys. More specifically, the aim of this work is to explore the efficacyof the project in meeting a variety of learning outcomes, including enhancing 21st century skillsin audiovisual communication, and deepening the students’ knowledge of ocean engineeringconcepts. Finally, this paper shares lessons learned and provides recommendations for futureimplementations of this course project.IntroductionExperiential learning has gained ample traction in engineering education for its efficacy inmotivating students [1], increasing understanding of content [2], strengthening innovativethinking [3] and boosting self-efficacy [4], among other benefits. A wide range of pedagogiesfall under the umbrella of

Conference Session

Designing and Evaluating Engineering Leadership Programs

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Angie Moussa, University of Massachusetts Lowell ; Yanfen Li, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

University of MassachusettsLowell, an experiential learning project management course was developed in order to introducestudents to PM and to develop their leadership skills. In this course, upper-level BiomedicalEngineering students in a PM course are each paired with 3-4 first-year students in anIntroduction to Biomedical Engineering course as the team goes through a semester long projectto design, research, and prototype a need. These PMs are responsible for goal setting, planning,risk assessment, and conflict management. In this paper, the experiences of twenty-four PMs are analyzed qualitatively via analysisof end-of semester reflection assignments. Common themes that emerged included the need forgood communication, defining the PM’s

Conference Session

Industrial, Professional, and Practical Contexts of Engineering Ethics

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dayoung Kim, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Shiloh James Howland, Brigham Young University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

you can build a house so many different ways. So, knowing the right way to do it is often difficult because everyone has their own preference. Each client has their own preference. They all like it a different way, so it’s hard to know where we can allow the client’s preferences take over, or where we put our foot down and say, “No, this is the way it has to be done.” It’s really difficult knowing what to do sometimes.As the preceding account suggests, Beatrice’s remarks reflect an interesting dichotomy. On theone hand, she speaks to her company’s high standards and notes a lack of ethical dilemmas. Onthe other hand, she gives multiple examples where difficult structural design decisions dependheavily on

Conference Session

Faculty Development Lightning Talk Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kenya Z. Mejia, University of Washington; Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington; Yuliana Flores; Hadas Ritz, Cornell University; Jiehong Liao, Florida Gulf Coast University; John Chen, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ; Boni Frances Yraguen, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division

students in reflecting on experience, how to help engineering educators make effective teach- ing decisions, and the application of ideas from complexity science to the challenges of engineering education.Miss Yuliana FloresDr. Hadas Ritz, Cornell University Hadas Ritz is a senior lecturer in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and a Faculty Teaching Fellow at the James McCormick Family Teaching Excellence Institute (MTEI) at Cornell University, where she received her PhD in Mechanical Engineering in 2008. Since then she has taught required and elective courses covering a wide range of topics in the undergraduate Mechanical Engineering curriculum. In her work with MTEI she co-leads teaching workshops for new faculty

Conference Session

Socially Responsible Engineering II: Pedagogy, Teamwork, and Student Experiences

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michael D. Gross, Wake Forest University; Joseph Wiinikka-Lydon, Wake Forest University; Michael Lamb, Wake Forest University ; Olga Pierrakos, Wake Forest University ; Adetoun Yeaman, Wake Forest University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

. Centralto the module was providing definitions of virtue and of teamwork as a virtue and implementingstrategies from an empirically-grounded framework to develop students as virtuous teamworkers. Drawing from Lamb et al. (2021), strategies included “(1) habituation through practice,(2) reflection on personal experience, (3) engagement with virtuous exemplars, (4) dialogue toincrease virtue literacy, (5) awareness of situational variables, (6) moral reminders, and (7)friendships of mutual accountability.”Teamwork-relevant outcomes were assessed using two approaches: self-report and peer-assessment. Students reported perceived embodiment of fifteen teamwork attributes forthemselves and for each of their teammates pre- and post-Project 2. The most

Conference Session

For Students to Know and Grow

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Candice W. Bolding, Clemson University; Jennifer Harper Ogle, Clemson University; Luke J. Rapa, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity

ourunderstanding of their perceptions and values about stakeholder experiences within the contextof infrastructure decisions, as well as their agency beliefs to combat inequities in this context.Each framework is further described in the following sections.Critical ConsciousnessGrounded in the pedagogical practices of Brazilian educator-philosopher Paulo Freire (1921-1997), critical consciousness comprises three components: (1) critical reflection, which is thecritical analysis of inequitable social conditions; (2) critical motivation, which is the interest andagency one has to redress such inequities; and (3) critical action, which is the action taken toproduce or participate in activities aimed at promoting societal change [3]-[6]. The likelihood

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeffrey Stransky, Rowan University; Caleb Hill; Robert John McErlean, Rowan University; Jacob Willetts, Rowan University; Landon Bassett, University of Connecticut; Daniel D. Anastasio, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Daniel D. Burkey, University of Connecticut; Matthew Cooper, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Cheryl A. Bodnar, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

environment?MethodsThis section will contain an overview of our study design, a description of the interventionContents Under Pressure (CUP), and discuss the data analysis performed.Study DesignThis study consisted of a semester long pre-/post- research design involving the use of CUP as anintervention. A total of 187 senior chemical engineering students, enrolled in either a seniordesign or process safety course from three different institutions, participated in the study. Inorder to understand how senior chemical engineering students prioritize criteria relevant toprocess safety decisions, they were asked to complete a pre-reflection where they sequentiallyranked the criteria (budget, personal relationships, plant productivity, safety, and time

Conference Session

Assessing Hard-to-Measure Constructs in Engineering Education: Assessment Design and Validation Studies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeremiah Pina, Smith College; Glenn W. Ellis, Smith College; Al Rudnitsky, Smith College; Rebecca Mazur, Collaborative for Educational Services; Beth McGinnis-Cavanaugh, Springfield Technical Community College; Isabel Huff, Springfield Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

of engineering designAbstractThis research paper describes the development of an assessment instrument for use with middleschool students that provides insight into students’ interpretive understanding by looking at earlyindicators of developing expertise in students’ responses to solution generation, reflection, andconcept demonstration tasks.We begin by detailing a synthetic assessment model that served as the theoretical basis forassessing specific thinking skills. We then describe our process of developing test items byworking with a Teacher Design Team (TDT) of instructors in our partner school system to setguidelines that would better orient the assessment in that context and working within theframework of standards and disciplinary

Conference Session

Community-Engaged Engineering Education Challenges and Opportunities in Light of COVID-19 Paper Presentations 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Paul A. Leidig P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University at West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division, Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Society of Professional Engineers. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Engagement in Practice: Project-Based Community Engagement Model Preliminary Case StudiesAbstractEngineering engagement is typically project-based, which introduces elements andconsiderations not explicitly covered by models commonly used in service-learning andcommunity-engaged learning. A model specifically for project-based community engagementwas recently developed to facilitate reflection on program design, development, and analysis.Two cases are examined using this model as test examples of how it can be operationalizedacross diverse programs. The application

Conference Session

Improving the BME Classroom on the Ground and Virtually

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rucha Joshi, University of California, Davis; Jennifer H. Choi, University of California, Davis

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

facts rather thanunderstanding key concepts and ideas) without realizing that they may need to adopt a differentapproach as the learning outcomes may have changed. To make the problem worse, studentsdon’t even realize that anything might be wrong with their approach, so even after a poorperformance in midterm examinations, they may relentlessly redouble their previous efforts, onlyto find in the final examination that more of the same strategy does not help.Metacognition, “the process of reflecting on and directing one’s own thinking” [2] can helpstudents become self - directed learners, where students must learn to assess the demands of thetask, evaluate their own knowledge and skills, plan their approach, monitor their progress, andadjust

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sharon Miller, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Steven Higbee, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

learning and development as researchers: (1) social science researchin design education, (2) mixed methods research, and (3) evidence-based teaching. To that end,we strategically invited engineering education research mentors to our team, deliberatelystructured our mentor conversations with literature readings to foster growth, and purposefullydocumented this process by continually responding to reflection questions in a professionaldevelopment journal. Our approach to include our own professional development in ourResearch Initiation in Engineering Formation grant has proven instrumental in collecting dataand in connecting us with the engineering education community.Choosing Mentors and Developing a Mentoring PlanOur engineering education

Conference Session

Faculty Perspectives of Active Learning, Inequity, and Curricular Change

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Steven Santana, Harvey Mudd College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

instrumentation is to drive ongoing cycles of continuousimprovement in teaching with a focus on transforming student learning. Owing to theongoing, dynamic practices of reflective educators, pedagogy and plans iterativelyevolve. These changes in practice exist in a complex environment that has the potential toprofoundly impact students’ ability to engage with and internalize content. Given thisenvironment, instrumentation is deployed to collect data in a process of developmentalevaluation while proactively responding to student learning and development throughdisaggregated data. This work equips educators with information to support thedevelopment of prototypes and innovations that strive toward providing undergraduatestudents with authentic, deep, and

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tracy L. Ross, Actua; Lisa Romkey, University of Toronto

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

and Employers (NACE) [6]Future Skills Framework DevelopmentActua developed the Future Skills Framework to capture and articulate the instructor experience,and to provide a foundation for additional support to member programs and their instructors. Inaddition, a strengthened instructor experience framework is seen to have potential for improvedrecruitment, training and retention of future instructors, increased transferability of the instructorexperience to future career opportunities, and increased quality and consistency in youthengagement by the network. The potential to shape a national, post-secondary work integratedlearning experience reflects activity by universities and affiliated organizations to betterdocument the contribution of

Conference Session

Innovative and Impactful Engineering Leadership Pedagogy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brett Tallman P.E., Montana State University, Bozeman; Werner Zorman, Harvey Mudd College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

, holistic, relational framework. The course consists of several separate-- butinterdependent—activities, such as group participation, readings, reflection, and a retreat.The purpose of this practice paper is to further interpret the (previously published) value of HILs,but within a leadership identity framework. Because of their positive impact on identitydevelopment, these Labs may hold promise as an environment in which students can develophealthy relational leadership processes. Three identity-based frameworks will be used tointerpret the influence of HIL structure and experiences: Leadership Identity Development(LID), self-authorship, and Community of Practice (CoP).This paper addresses the impact that experiential learning courses can have on

Conference Session

First-year Programs: Focus on Student Success 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Abigail T. Stephan, Clemson University; Jon Harcum, Clemson University; Laurel Whisler, Bristol Community College; Elizabeth Anne Stephan, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

program’s learning strategies course employed a three-pronged approach towardsusing the LASSI. First, students took the assessment online at the beginning and end of thesemester. Second, students were prompted to reflect on their pre-intervention scores throughstructured reflection assignments at three points throughout the semester. Third, students weresupported by several campus resources in interpreting and improving their performance acrossthe ten LASSI dimensions. The following paragraphs detail these interconnected approaches ingreater depth.Students completed the 3rd Edition of the LASSI [6] once at the outset of the semester and oncemore at its conclusion. Students took the LASSI online, with the first administration due at theend of the

Collection

2011 North Midwest Section

Authors

Derek Wissmiller

when anindividual reflects on that experience relative to their prior knowledge (reflective observation), Proceedings of the 2011 North Midwest Section Conferencedevelops a conceptualization to explain the experience (abstract conceptualization), and thentests their conceptualization (active experimentation). The results observed after testing one sconceptualization represent yet another concrete experience which can be reflected upon todevelop further conceptualizations to be tested and so on. Figure 1: Kolb cycle of learning.7 The types of questions/problems commonly found in engineering textbooks may fail toengage learners in deep levels of reflective observation as they may

Collection

2021 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Anoop Singh Grewal, Arizona State University

online or on-sitecourses, in an exploratory way. Even though there are numerous resources available forintroducing EM, the TY4YS activity approach is very interactive and most importantly, insteadof teaching (or reinforcing) the entrepreneurial concepts first and then engaging in relatedactivities, the students first play, make mistakes, reflect and learn. When the concepts aresubsequently presented (or reinforced), they are more relatable and better retained.The activity starts with a military veteran describing veterans’ issues. The player's objective is tocreate an end-product to mitigate some of the challenging issues and showcase that end-productat an upcoming veterans conference. The players (students) will make a series of decisionsduring

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Session - Virtual and Augmented Reality

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Emily Welsh, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dan Li, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; A. John Hart, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; John Liu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

variety of colors, optical properties, and textures. In particular, smooth and flat,reflective features such as the touchscreen are especially challenging to capture digitally from thephysical object.Our initial method for creating high fidelity scans was 3D scanning (Figure 6a). Scanning can beused to create life-sized 3D models that include realistic colors and textures. However, thescanner we had access to, the Sense 2 from 3D Systems, struggled to retain tracking on the flatsurfaces of the tablet components. The resolution produced by the scanner was also lacking.When 3D scanning was unsuccessful, we pivoted to photogrammetry. Photogrammetry has beenused successfully to create 3D reconstructions of real world objects for digital