Conference Session

ERM: Teamwork makes the dream work!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aparajita Jaiswal, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Kaushali Patel, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Devang Patel, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Alejandra Magana, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

, both from Purdue University. Her research program investigates how model-based cognition in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) can be better supported by means of expert tools and disciplinary practices such as data science computation, modeling, and simulation. In 2015 Dr. Magana received the National Science Foundation’s Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award to investigate modeling and simulation practices in undergraduate engineering education. In 2016 she was conferred the status of Purdue Faculty Scholar for being on an accelerated path toward academic distinction. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Huh? What Did You Say? What Does That Mean?

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karin Becker, United States Air Force Academy; Timothy Frank, United States Air Force Academy; Joel Sloan, United States Air Force Academy

work for writing assignment 4DiscussionOverall, the technical communication block was successful based on increases in KS scores inmost areas (Figure 2) and improved writing assignments. As results convey, students increasedtheir ability to tailor their writing to produce a technical document, including considering theaudience and their needs, integrating visuals, writing descriptions that accurately interpret thevisuals, and formatting appropriately. The stylistic choices and genre awareness require skillsand knowledge in a range of writing components [5].Our findings reinforce previous research indicating teaching technical writing enhances studentlearning outcomes [24] and better prepares them for successful careers [3]. An additional

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 10: Empathy and Human-centered Design

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Nagel, James Madison University; Melissa Aleman, James Madison University; Collette Higgins, James Madison University

greater independent problem-solvingskills [4]. For those in STEM fields, these findings may not be surprising. Interviews conductedwith people working in the STEM fields reflect the importance of K-12 experiences and howfamilial and educational aspects influenced their career path [5-7].In addition to early childhood programming, high school math achievement appears to be acritical factor in intent for a student to major in a STEM discipline. For example, exposure todifferent math and science courses prior to enrolling into a post-secondary institution isdemonstrated as important for a students’ math self-efficacy [8]. Unfortunately, there is leakagein this mathematics pipeline, and the number of students interested in STEM topics is

Conference Session

WIED: Analysis, Challenges, Success, and Impacts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaitlyn Thomas, University of Nevada, Reno; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno; Kelly Cross, University of Nevada, Reno

personal bias in STEM, online and in-person, in addition to faculty training on power and privilege. Her research interests include diversity and inclusion in STEM, intersectionality, teamwork and communication skills, assessment, and identity construction. Her teaching philosophy focuses on student centered approaches such as problem-based learning and culturally relevant pedagogy. Dr. Cross’ complimentary professional activities promote inclusive excellence through collaboration. She is an NSF CAREER awardee, delivered multiple distinguished lectures, and has received a national mentoring award. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by

Conference Session

ERM: ERM Medley Session!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelsey Watts, Clemson University; Gary Lichtenstein, Arizona State University; Karin Jensen, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Evan Ko, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Rebecca Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

evaluation. My intellectual interests include mixed-methods research, program development and evaluation, and engineering education persistence. My expertise includes program evaluation, research design, proposal development, logic models, IRB and communities of practice.Karin Jensen Karin Jensen, Ph.D. is a Teaching Associate Professor in bioengineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her research interests include student mental health and wellness, engineering student career pathways, and engagement of engineering faculty in engineering education research. She was awarded a CAREER award from the National Science Foundation for her research on undergraduate mental health in engineering programs. Before

Conference Session

PCEE Session 2: Teacher Learning Experiences

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abeera Rehmat, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Hoda Ehsan, The Hill School; Monica Cardella, Florida International University

integration in pre-collegeeducation, including improved performance in STEM subjects ([5, 6], a better understanding ofwhat engineers do [7], and increase in the number of students pursuing careers in engineering[8]. Similarly, integration of CT can add to children’s intellectual ability in reading, writing, andarithmetic [9], in addition to science [10].Moreover, research corroborates the importance of computation in the formation of engineers[11-14] since these skills are necessary for solving complex technological problems for allengineering professionals. In fact, these skills support the various student outcomes described byABET and are fundamental for developing a competitive engineering workforce. Furthermore,the relationship between

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Innovative Changes to the Typical Civil Engineering Coursework.

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ellen Zerbe, Pennsylvania State University; Adjo Amekudzi-Kennedy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Kevin Haas, Georgia Institute of Technology; Susan Burns, Georgia Institute of Technology; Armistead Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology; Iris Tien, Georgia Institute of Technology; Kari Watkins, Georgia Institute of Technology; John Koon, Georgia Institute of Technology; Robert Simon, Georgia Institute of Technology; John Taylor, Georgia Institute of Technology; Donald Webster, Georgia Institute of Technology; Emily Grubert, Georgia Institute of Technology; Lisa Rosenstein, Georgia Institute of Technology

their capstone design teams and into their careers. A consistentemphasis on human values aims to create engineers who are more aware of other perspectives,conscious of potential impacts, and habitually work to create value. While each course mayimplement the pedagogies to different degrees, the underlying design of a vertically-integrated setof courses reinforces threads that are critical to becoming a holistic engineer. Reflection is onesuch thread. In each course there is an emphasis on students reflecting on their experiences,whether that be from their past, in teams, or while learning a new subject. Reflection is a valuableelement in story-driven learning. It internalizes experiences and makes the students evaluate howa situation made them

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 6: Monitoring, Evaluating and Research

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines

Paper ID #37647A Case Study on Macroethics and Social Justice at theUniversity of [BLINDED], CanadaKathryn Johnson (Professor) Kathryn Johnson is a Professor at the Colorado School of Mines in the Department of Electrical Engineering and is Jointly Appointed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. After starting her career with a research focus on wind energy control systems, first developed an interest in engineering education research in the Fall 2011 when she experienced Aalborg University's (Denmark) Problem-Based Learning philosophy. Since then, she has led two NSF grants in social justice and

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session: Pedagogy and Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Palmer, California Institute of Technology; Jacqueline Tawney, California Institute of Technology; Jennifer Weaver

Paper ID #36851A Model for Student-led Development and Implementation ofa Required Graduate-level Course on History, Ethics, andIdentity in Aerospace EngineeringEmily Palmer Emily H. Palmer is a Ph.D. candidate at the Graduate Aerospace Laboratories of the California Institute of Technology (GALCIT). Her current research focuses on the neural mechanisms underlying steady state flight control in Drosophila melanogaster. She has been involved in numerous educational outreach programs throughout her undergraduate and graduate career, and holds a leadership position in the GALCIT graduate student council. She earned her M.S

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan Solnosky, Pennsylvania State University; Moses Ling, Pennsylvania State University

students persist in engineering careers. Seymour and Hewitt’s [14] study addsto the attrition investigation by isolating that the attitude of faculty who promoted the notion of “weed outcourses,” or barrier courses contribute to attrition. From a student perspective, these barriers lead to thenotion of students need strong self-efficacy [15]. Self-efficacy are beliefs about a person’s ability tosuccessfully complete tasks. There are four main sources of self-efficacy [16]: 1) past experiences withrelated tasks, 2) vicarious experiences (i.e., observing others succeeding or failing), 3) forms of socialpersuasion, and 4) one’s physiological/emotional state. To be successful, motivation unfolds over threerecurrent phases: pre-task engagement, on-task

Conference Session

Statics and Dynamics Topics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Muller-Karger, Florida International University

program that displaychallenges facing our students. The diverse population in our classrooms demands a broaderspectrum in instructional approaches. This project focuses on creating assorted resources toengage all students regardless of background in different ways of learning to create a solid baseunderstanding of the material and increase success in future courses as well as in the students'future engineering careers. Our approaches include a granular course structure, differentinstructional technologies, support of learning assistants in the classroom, tutoring outside theclassroom, and different forms of assessment and accessibility. The author has used mixedqualitative and quantitative approaches to measure the success of the statics and

Conference Session

Social Identities and STEM Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lizabeth Thompson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Andrew Chan, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Julia Cannon, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Jane Lehr, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

organization. Below are some of our reflections ofthis realization. Julia Cannon - Former Project Manager When I first joined Engineers Without Borders, as a privileged white person I did not yet recognize the abundance of privilege that inherently saturates the field of engineering, let alone with engineering volunteerism. I remember initially identifying with EWB as a space that would allow me to prove the degree of “good” in my intentions. I chose to jointhe Nicaragua project team. Being a newer project meant a higher potential for travel,which was an attractive motivator for me at the time. I remember telling others that I wasinterested in pursuing a career in international development, with the internal hope thatthey

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Kenneth Van Treuren

Future of ME LabWhile the course is fulfilling its purpose, a concern of the author is the lateness in whichit occurs in the curriculum. A student on the four year traditional track must then takeME Lab and the senior capstone design course concurrently. This creates time pressuresthat stretch the students. For this reason, each year there are a number of students whoopt to take ME Lab in the spring ( the only time it is offered) and then graduate inDecember, taking the capstone design course (offered every semester) during the fallsemester. Faculty numbers and availability preclude offering ME Lab each semester.Another concern is that the student’s major lab experience is occurring in what is usuallythe last semester of their academic career

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl Resch, University of Florida; Patriel Stapleton, University of Florida; Benjamin Rheault, University of Florida; Amy Wu, University of Florida; Christina Gardner-McCune, University of Florida

deep learning. This is a significant resultgiven that we did not advise students on why we were asking them to reflect, or what we hopedthey would gain from the activity. Our study provides quantitative evidence that answeringreflection prompts correlates with improved performance on exams and qualitative evidence thatstudents believe that reflection can help with conceptual understanding and deep learning.Reflection should be considered as a strategy for helping students think critically about coursematerial.Key Words: Reflective practice, Quantitative Study, Computer Organization1 IntroductionIt is important for college students to understand the “big picture” of their undergraduatecurriculum and how it prepares them for their careers [1

Collection

2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference

Authors

Emad Y Tanbour, Eastern Michigan University; Suleiman A. Ashur, Eastern Michigan University; Ann Blakeslee, Eastern Michigan University

Project; YpsiWrites, a community resource in collaboration with 826michigan and the Ypsilanti District Library; and Cognitive Coaching and Adaptive Organizations. She also has cultivated and coordinates collaborations with secondary writing centers and numerous community organizations. Blakeslee earned her Ph.D. in Rhetoric at Carnegie Mellon University and her Masters in Technical and Scientific Communication at Miami University. Her career spans more than 35 years, and she has taught courses in rhetoric and composition and technical communication. She also has served as Director of Un- dergraduate Studies, Co-Chair of General Education Implementation, and Graduate and Writing Program Coordinator. Blakeslee has

Conference Session

Technical Session 8 - Paper 2: PhD’ing While Black: Unpacking the Emotions of Navigating Engineering as a Black Student and the Implications for Mental Health

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Michael Lorenzo Greene, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Katreena Thomas, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Julia Machele Brisbane, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Debalina Maitra, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Jeremi S London, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

chemicalengineering graduate student, realized many low activation emotions when reflecting on his ownexperiences undergraduate organizations. Early on in his college career, Joshua recalls feeling anaversion to a minority serving organization because he felt it “wasn’t meant for someone with[his] background” being in good academic standing. Reflecting on this experience Joshuaexplains his thought process throughout the situation. I felt like, as black student myself, I came from an inner-city context where there weren't a lot of resources that we had. In a way that I wanted to do better and support my community, but I also wanted to get out of it. I didn't want to be [Joshua] from the hood. I didn't want to be seen like that, even

Conference Session

Technical Session 3 - Paper 3: International engineering students’ resistance to isolating university experiences: An opportunity for greater inclusion in engineering education

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Memoria Matters, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Patrice Marie Buzzanell, University of South Florida; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

through teaching methods, policies, and culture change.Prof. Patrice Marie Buzzanell, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE) Patrice M. Buzzanell is Professor and Chair of the Department of Communication at the University of South Florida and Endowed Visiting Professor for the School of Media and Design at Shanghai Jiao- tong University. Fellow and Past President of the International Communication Association (ICA), she served as President of the Council of Communication Associations and the Organization for the Study of Communication, Language and Gender. She is a Distinguished Scholar of the National Communica- tion Association. Her research focuses on career, work-life policy, resilience, gender, and engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Gulf Southwest Annual Conference

Authors

Salvatore Enrico Paolo Indiogine, Texas A&M University; Brandon Chi-Thien Le, Texas A&M University; Sidharth Dhaneshkumar Shah

Instruction and Learning for over two years as a Production Assistant, and focuses his work on using technology to enable course development and innovation. Brandon is from Austin, Texas, and plans on going into a career in financial technology.Sidharth Dhaneshkumar Shah American c Society for Engineering Education, 2022 1 Session 2022 Creating Course Material through Automation of Lecture Caption S. Enrico P. Indiogine, Brandon Chi-Tien Le Engineering Studio for Advanced Instruction

Collection

2022 ASEE Gulf Southwest Annual Conference

Authors

Jorge Antonio Tito P.E., University of Houston - Downtown; Amy Heilig, Dlubal Software, Inc.

experienced users. Live online trainings for students are offered fromthe USA office several times a year. Students can register for a free introductory course in RFEM ®,concurrently model along, ask questions, and receive all training materials after the presentation forcontinued access.While universities and students greatly benefit from these educational opportunities, Dlubal equallyvalues the relationship with the academic community and the ability to engage with the futureengineering generation. Dlubal firmly believes students have a right to free structural analysis softwareto adequately prepare them for their post-graduate career. Furthermore, the company’s educationsector remains a top focus for the Dlubal company including expanding the free

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Merriweather, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Niesha Douglas; Cathy Howell, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Anna Sanczyk

.link.gale.com/apps/doc/A601219323/AONE?u=anon~fb1d65b8&sid=googleScholar&xid=439a98da [Accessed January 31, 2022].[16] E. McGee, D. Griffith, and S. Houston, “I know I have to work twice as hard and hope thatmakes me good enough”: Exploring the stress and strain of Black doctoral students inengineering and computing,” Teacher’s College Record, vol. 121, no. 040307, 2019.[17] W. Robinson, E. McGee, L. Bentley, S. Houston, and P. Botchway, “Addressing negativeracial and gendered experiences that discourage academic careers in engineering,” Computing inScience & Engineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 29–39, 2016.[18] R. Yin, Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). SagePublications, 2017.[19] P. Baxter and S. Jack

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Daniel J. Burroughs

undergraduate students arepursuing careers as network and security administrators, and the program is developed tosupport this need. Most of the undergraduate students in our program have received anA.S. degree in Computer Technology from a 2-year college. This A.S. programconcentrates heavily on the basics of networking and operating system administration.Along the way, students have the opportunity and are encouraged to pursue variouscertifications in network and system administration. By the time students arrive at UCFand begin their specialization in security, they already have a strong background in thebasics of system and network administration. However, their education prior to UCFtends towards very detailed training on a limited set of tools

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Aiman S. Kuzmar, City of Corpus Christi, TX

think.This knowledge enabled him to improve his own teaching skills for this specific course and itwill have a similar effect in the long term teaching career as well. Additionally, this experiencehelped the instructor to discover his own teaching shortcomings and mistakes. This wasaccomplished by listening to the student in charge and by observing the classmates who arelistening and trying to understand. Teaching shortcomings and mistakes can be generallyrectified but they have to be identified first. The instructor learned something else which is alsovery important from this process. By occupying a neutral seat, he learned possible and potentialstudents pitfalls. In normal teaching setting, the instructor does not easily recognize thesedangerous

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

Mario G. Beruvides

appreciation of the role thatmanagement will play in their long-term careers. Management studies that are not presented inan engineering context will only prolong this ignorance, (p.8).” 2Several approaches have been attempted and researched to incorporate practical applications,class participation, and active learning for engineering students. Significant educationalinstruction and research attempting, to address these issues have been done by courses designedto build engineering entrepreneurship. 3,4 The reasoning behind this is simple, “Engineeringstudents typically go through school completing assignments that are generated by academiciansand quite often this either cannot or does not reflect the commercial world.” 5 The desire toincorporate real

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Sanchoy Das, New Jersey Institute of Technology

implement innovative design ideas. This will ensure long-term success in theirprofessional careers. In the literature, there has been much discussion on how to improve designthinking in courses and increase innovation (Melles et al, 2012; Seidel et al, 2020). Four modes ofpedagogy are identified by Seidel et al (2020): experimental, analytical, disciplinary, andinterdisciplinary. They suggest that all four modes be integrated into teaching to ensure innovation,and the methods described here follow that approach. This paper presents approaches that have been successfully used to promote design innovationin course team projects. These methods have been tested by the author over several years in bothgraduate and undergraduate classes. Figure 1

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Ying Tang, Rowan University; Cheng Zhu, Rowan University; Ryan Hare, Rowan University; Tyler Ziesse; Conor Peterson; Chenchen Huang

piles, it is a good idea to add these as a potential optionin our game since it has high promise for future buildings that are looking to build using greentechnologies.Conclusion: To conclude, different modules in the game have been carefully developed to ensureplaying the game is educationally beneficial but also fun enough. The research team has madesignificant progress and will plan its preliminary testing in the following academic year. GeotechGame is expected to provide students seeking a career in the geotechnical field with a virtual andfun way of learning.Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant number2121277.References: [1]. USEIA, International Energy Outlook 2018

Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

Caressa Adalia Wakeman, University of Connecticut ; Amvrossios Bagtzoglou, University of Connecticut; Maria Chrysochoou, University of Connecticut

Tagged Topics

Diversity

anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum (AS), learningdifferences (i.e., dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and dyspraxia), and Tourette’s syndrome.The motivation for the project and underlying principle of the neurodiversity movement isthat neurodiversity has unique benefits to offer society [1] and engineering problem solving[2]. We believe in a growth-mindset [3], positive psychology [4], strengths-based perspective[5] so we omit disability and disorder from our vocabulary and use terms like differenceinstead.The INCLUDE project takes a holistic approach to changing academic practices, fromrecruitment in high school and transition to college, to career placement and employeroutreach. A significant part is the

Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

Yuliia Kleban, Ukrainian Catholic University

arethe following[3]:1. Projecting and Objectives of the Educational Programme. Those statements describe theprogram's intended quality and attribute that graduates should achieve a few years aftergraduation in their careers and professional lives.2. Structure and Contents of the Educational Programme.3. Access to the Educational Programme and Recognition of Studying Results4. Studying and Teaching on the Educational Programme5. Evaluation Measures, Appraisal of Students, and Academic Integrity6. Human Resources. The program must comprise qualified staff with academic andindustrial experiences.7. Educational Environment and Material Resources8. Internal Quality Assurance of the Educational Programme9. Transparency and Publicity10. (Studying

Conference Session

Technical Session T1A

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

James R McCusker PhD, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Christopher John Brigham, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Afsaneh Ghanavati, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Full Papers

lost time and tuition fees since leaving the engineering field costs studentsapproximately $500k over the course of their careers [4].Factors that contribute to students leaving engineering programs include lack of belonging, quality ofadvising and instruction, and performance in first-year courses. Research shows that a lack of sense ofbelonging is one of the biggest reasons a student leaves engineering [5]. In addition, the quality of advisingand course instruction has a significant impact on student persistence in an engineering program [6,7].Students’ persistence can be greatly improved if there is a culture of collaboration in their academicenvironment [8]. It has been shown that fostering a community environment, both in and out of

Conference Session

Technical Session M5B

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Heath Aren Schluterman, University of Arkansas; Aysa Galbraith, University of Arkansas; Leslie Bartsch Massey, University of Arkansas; Brandon Crisel; Candace Auburn Rainwater, University of Arkansas

Tagged Topics

Full Papers

a drill section while enrolling in GNEGcourses. The drills are primarily used for outside speakers including each of the departments,career services, multicultural center, and other student support services such as academiccoaching. During drills, students learn about all engineering majors, and go through series oftalks that foster transition from high school to becoming a quality engineering student. Lastly, asa part of GNEG courses, students meet once a week with a peer mentor. Peer mentors helpstudents to build an understanding of the campus resources and guide their mentees throughtopics such as time management, interacting with faculty, and effective study habits.In March 2020, when classes transitioned to remote learning, the hands

Conference Session

Technical Session M5A

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Katrina L Carlson, Michigan Technological University; Akua B. Oppong-Anane, Montana Technological University; Michelle E Jarvie-Eggart P.E., Michigan Technological University; Amanda Marie Singer, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

Full Papers

engineering such asthe impacts on society, career opportunities, along with the need for strong communication andcreativity skills, have been shown to be important to students entering the field of engineering[18].References[1] Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. 2020. Criteria For AccreditingEngineering Programs, 2017 – 2018 | ABET. [online] Available at: [Accessed 6 May 2020].[2] Bennett, D., Kapoor, K., Rajinder, K., & Maynard, N. (2015) “First Year Engineeringstudents: Perceptions of Engineers, Engineering Work Amongst Domestic and InternationalStudents.” The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education. ISSN: 1838-2959,vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 89-105.[3] Compeau, S. “The Calling of an Engineer: High School Students