Conference Session

Engineering Ethics - Courses and Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock Barry, United States Military Academy; Matthew Ohland, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

research program. The research questions associated with the first-step in the researchprogram were best suited for qualitative methods of discovery. In turn, the findings of the firststep of this research program helped to inform and shape the research question related to thesecond step. The second-step research question was best suited for quantitative methods ofdiscovery.No testable theories related to ethics curriculum incorporation methods are known to presentlyexist. Thus, this research was conducted in an emergent manner that allows for the possibledevelopment of a curriculum-related theory as a result of the study. In addition, the investigationhas been designed with a pragmatic approach to addressing the research questions. As a result

Conference Session

Learning about Power Systems and Power Consumption

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carl Spezia, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Ph.D. from SIUC in 1991 and 2002 respectively. He teaches courses in electric power and machinery, industrial automation, and electric circuits. His research interests include power systems economics, power markets, and electric energy management. Page 14.534.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Energy Management and Renewable Power Design Projects from a University Power GridAbstractProject-based learning is a recognized method for engaging students. Projects involvingindustrial power systems give students exposure to current methods and practices relevant

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation of Graphics Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer McDonald, Daniel Webster College; Alexandra Sobin, Daniel Webster College; Marie Planchard, Massachusetts Bay Community College; Nicholas Bertozzi, Daniel Webster College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

data to further evaluate its effectiveness.Upon request, the review material and assessments will be made available to faculty interested inproviding feedback or implementing the module.References1. CDIO Initiative Homepage, www.cdio.org, (2008), accessed on October 18, 2008.2. Branoff, T. J., & Totten, R. A. (2006). Online Learning in Engineering Graphics Courses: Research, Tools, and Best Practices, Proceedings of the 2006 American Society for Engineering Education Southeast Section Conference.3. Branoff, T. J. (2007). Do Online Formative Questioning Strategies Correlate with End-of-Course Evaluations?, Proceedings of the 61st Annual Midyear Conference of the Engineering Design Graphics Division of the

Conference Session

Collaboration, A Cool Tool: Librarians/Faculty/Students Work Together for Quality Results

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patsy Hulse, University of Auckland; John St George, University of Auckland; Li Wang, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

engineering project curriculum redesign? Patsy Hulse, John St George and Li WangAbstractAcademics, librarians, and student learning advisors collaborated to redesign the Civil &Environmental Engineering undergraduate course curriculum at the University of Aucklandand to integrate information literacy principles. The aim was to improve students’ researchskills in line with the University’s Graduate Profile, and also meet the Institution ofProfessional Engineers’ requirements for accreditation.This paper will focus on the changes that have been made to the compulsory Civil &Environmental Engineering Year 4 research-based project paper. The curriculum wasredesigned by introducing a series of

Conference Session

Learning as a Community

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Hinds, Michigan State University; Thomas Wolff, Michigan State University; Neeraj Buch, Michigan State University; Amanda Idema, Michigan State University; Cynthia Helman, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

and industrial management experience. He received his BSME and MSME degrees from Michigan Technological University.Thomas Wolff, Michigan State University THOMAS F. WOLFF is Associate Professor of Civil Engineering and Associate Dean of Engineering for Undergraduate Studies at Michigan State University. From 1970 to 1985, he was a geotechnical engineer with the St. Louis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Since 1985, on the faculty of MSU, he has taught undergraduate and graduate courses in geotechnical engineering and reliability analysis. His research and consulting has focused on the design and evaluation of dams, levees and hydraulic structures, and he has been involved in several studies

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Christensen, Texas A&M University; Lale Yurttas, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

various issuesthat are prevalent in today’s world, mainly the application of sustainability. In the first iterationsof the service learning implementation, Habitat for Humanity, the project partner, challengedstudents to design an affordable green home. Sustainability and green engineering were theunderlying themes of this project Emphasis was placed on researching and proposing viablealternative energy sources, techniques for energy and water conservation, and architecturalconsiderations to increase the overall efficiency of the home.End-of semester student surveys indicated that the students desired a more refined project to helpfocus their efforts in a semester’s time. One of the energy saving proposals of the Habitat forHumanity project was

Conference Session

Engineering Courses for Non-engineers

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradley Bishop, United States Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

and several others offered by other departments. Of the 102students in Systems Engineering graduating class of 2008, 40 of them took the emergingtechnologies course or the honors equivalent. Our exist survey asked students to pick theirfavorite elective course, and emerging technologies ranked second overall, with a total of 17.3%of the votes (first place was Mobile Robot Design at 30%). Thus, slightly less than half of thestudents who took emerging technologies considered it the best of the five elective courses thatthey took. For a non-traditional course such as this to outshine all of the other electives in themajor is a strong testament to the impact of this different way of looking at technology and the

Conference Session

Innovative Methods to Teach Engineering to URMs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beverley Pickering-Reyna, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

) Diversifying the U.S. engineering workforce: A new model. Journal of Engineering Education, 96(1), 19-32.3. Kim, Y., Baylor, A. L., & PALS Group (June 2006) Pedagogical agents as learning companions: The role of agent competency and type of interaction. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(3), 223-243.4. Baylor, A. L., & Kim, Y. (2004) Pedagogical agent design: The impact of agent realism, gender, ethnicity, and instructional role. Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3220/2004, 592-603.5. Yelamarthi, K. & Mawasha, P. R. (July-December 2008) A pre-engineering program for the under-represented, low-income and/or first generation college students to pursue higher education

Conference Session

Innovation in Construction Engineering Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daphene Koch, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

lab will allow students opportunities tostudy the life systems of a building, previously only viewable during the construction of abuilding.On average, 75 students per semester complete the Mechanical Construction course that is arequirement for graduation in the Construction Management department Bachelor of Science(BS) degree. In addition, approximately 25 students per semester take a mechanicalspecialization course that would apply higher-level learning to the MechBuild lab. The thirdclass utilizing the MechBuild lab is a course for non-majors offered by the Building ConstructionManagement (BCM) department. Usually sixty computer graphics, interior design, and otherinterested students take this course every semester. Currently the students

Collection

2009 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Kevin Dahm; Thomas Merrill; William Riddell

a project that ultimately resulted in a publication [7]. The otherproject led to a start-up company, formed by a May 2009 Rowan graduate; which is continuingthe product development that began in the Junior/Senior Engineering Clinic.VII. References1. L.R. Latucca, P.E. Terenzini and J. F. Volkwein, “Engineering Change: A Study of the Impact of EC2000,”ABET, Inc., Baltimore, MD 2006.2. K. D. Dahm and J. A. Newell, “Baseball Stadium Design: Teaching Engineering Economics and TechnicalCommunication in a Multi-Disciplinary Setting,” Journal of SMET Education: Innovations and Research, 2, 1(2001).3. W. Riddell, P. Jansson, K. Dahm, H. Benavidez, J. Haynes, D. Schowalter, “Conservation of Energy for CampusBuildings: Design, Communication and

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design in the Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Brakora, University of Michigan; Brian Gilchrist, University of Michigan; James Holloway, University of Michigan; Nilton Renno, University of Michigan; Steven Skerlos, University of Michigan; Toby Teory, University of Michigan; Peter Washabaugh, University of Michigan; Daryl Weinert, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

educational rewards of teaching to the mentors. The minor designrecognizes the key importance of having a broad, diverse team not only design, but also buildand test their design.We are in the process of declaring our first students and graduating some that have alreadyfulfilled the requirements through their work on ongoing team projects. Specializations such asSpace Systems, Global Health, Sustainable Energy, and Service Learning are currently beingfinalized. With the approval of these specializations, we are anticipating a large number ofstudents to be part of the Multidisciplinary Design Minor experience. We are also nowdeveloping the methods for which we can more quantitatively study the impact and outcome ofthis program for our

Conference Session

Assessing Design Course Work

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rhonda Young, University of Wyoming; April Heaney, University of Wyoming; James Kladianos, Wyoming Department of Transportation

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the design process,integrating technical knowledge across multiple disciplines, practicing teamwork, andinterpreting data.At the same time that design courses have become increasingly common in engineeringcurriculum, there has also been an increased emphasis on improving the communication skills ofgraduating engineers. Numerous surveys of employers of engineering graduates have stressedthe importance of these skills1,2,3. Engineering departments have responded in a variety of waysincluding increasing the number of required writing courses and integrating writing into existingcourses. Comprehensive design courses are another opportunity for engineering students to

Conference Session

DEED Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Ruhala, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Page 14.1006.2process. For universities with graduate programs and significant research endeavors, seniorcapstone topics can often be identified as those that, although have merit, are perhaps not largeenough in scope for a graduate student. Regardless the size of a school’s research activities,local industries can be a wonderful source of design topics. It’s a win-win situation since youcan get a terrific topic for your students and they can get free engineering; but sometimes it canbe difficult for a faculty member to meet these engineers and tap their design problems,especially if the faculty member is new to the area.Perhaps the best way to contact the industries is through the program advisory boards, butbeyond that it definitely requires

Conference Session

Aerospace Workspace: Current and Future 1

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debbie Mullins, Texas Space Grant Consortium; Wallace Fowler, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

variety of program-relatedareas – not just the overall “best.” Based upon the anecdotal comments provided by students,faculty, mentors and reviewers, as well as the successful outcomes observed since TDC’sinception; the Program’s methods serve to engage students in a well-rounded real-worldengineering experience that successfully motivates and whets individual appetites for additionalspace-related research, design and careers. As one student aptly put it, “Participation in this program has continued to improve my impression of both NASA and the TSGC. I have worked on other NASA related projects before, but this project is in a very different field than my previous experience. I have enjoyed learning about the additional

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Experiential Learning and Economic Development I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Nelson, Mississippi State University; Byron Williams, Mississippi State University; Gary Butler, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

students throughresearch. While conducting basic research is important to developing hypotheses and acquiringknowledge about a phenomena, applied research is required when the goal is technologycommercialization. Applied research is designed to solve practical problems in the real world.Conducting applied research provides value not only to the researcher, but also to the populationwhom the research benefits.In order to motivate faculty to have a focus on applied research that has the potential forcommercialization, the promotion and tenure process must be augmented. A tenure process thatpromotes commercialization should provide incentives for working with industry, starting a

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Rabb, United States Military Academy; Andrew Biaglow, United States Military Academy; David Chang, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

systems. Topics here includesystem modeling using Laplace transform, frequency domain, and state variable methods.Mathematical models are developed for various systems to include electrical, mechanical,aeronautical, and chemical systems. Control systems analysis and design techniques are studiedwithin the context of how each system is physically controlled in practice. Laboratory exercisesinclude feedback design and system identification. Computer design exercises include dynamicmodeling and control of various engineering systems. The course learning objectives are: a. Model the dynamics of various physical systems that include mechanical, electrical, and chemical components. b. Analyze a physical system that utilizes a

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design in Electrical and Computer ET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grant Richards, Purdue University; John Denton, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

reviewed in design review sessions in which all teams voted onthe best submission, which then served as the standard for all teams. Upon determination of allcircuit designs, the project was equally divided among all teams. Each team was solelyresponsible for the layout, fabrication and testing of their project block.Course instructors facilitated project progression through comments on the advantages anddisadvantages of proposed approaches. Course lectures and laboratories were designed toprovide instruction in concepts relating to the project which were not covered in previouscourses. The project, a 915MHz, multi-channel FM audio transmitter and receiver, wassuccessfully constructed and operational by the required delivery date.This paper

Conference Session

Special Session: Findings from the Academic Pathways Study of Engineering Undergraduates 2003-2008--Overview and Panel Discussion

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Atman, University of Washington; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Karl Smith, Purdue University; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Motor Company's Scientific Research Lab. Dr. Sheppard's graduate work was done at the University of Michigan.Lorraine Fleming, Howard University LORRAINE FLEMING is professor and former Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering at Howard University. Dr. Fleming serves as the Co-PI of a National Science Foundation HBCU Undergraduate Program grant designed to increase the number of underrepresented minorities who pursue degrees in engineering, mathematics, and science. Additionally, she is a Co-PI for the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education. She serves as the Principal Investigator of an NSF grant designed to study the post baccalaureate decisions of high achieving Black

Conference Session

Contemporary Issues in CHE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Wankat, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

the best ways for practicing chemical engineers to learn new areas needed in their jobs? Area 3- Learning Systems. What teaching methods are best for teaching a diverse student body specific chemical engineering material such as separation processes? What is the best way to teach chemical engineering design? How should chemical engineering laboratories be structured to maximize student learning? How do we allocate the resources in a chemical engineering department to optimize the learning of undergraduate and graduate students? What is the best culture in a chemical engineering department to help students learn? How much help is optimum to maximize the learning of chemical

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Todd, Brigham Young University; Christopher Mattson, Brigham Young University; Gregg Warnick, Brigham Young University; Ryan Dymock, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

in industry in senior level engineering and management positions with both the General Motors Corporation and the Michelin Tire Corporation in both the U.S. and Europe. His research and teaching interests include manufacturing process machine design and development and the development and improvement of engineering education in a global setting. Since coming to BYU in 1989, he has been the Sr. author of two manufacturing processes books, one a best seller used thought out the world, and numerous technical articles. He has served as a department chair and undergraduate coordinator, a member of the Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) of ABET (the Accreditation Board for Engineering

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susannah Howe, Smith College; Ron Lasser, Tufts University; Katie Su, Smith College; Sarah Pedicini, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

capstone engineering courses.The long-term motivation for this research is to identify and develop pedagogical methods toimprove the proficiency of engineering students completing a capstone engineering designprogram, specifically, to make them more innovative, entrepreneurial, and able to meet the needs Page 14.364.2of their future careers. Additionally, the essential objective is to determine the best practicesover the long term that improve the design proficiency of engineering students so that institutionscan graduate students who are productive, highly skilled, and exceed performance expectations.The philosophy in conducting this research was

Conference Session

Women in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Porche, Wellesley Centers for Women; Corinne McKamey, Wellesley Centers for Women; Peter Wong, Museum of Science

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, technological design, and engineering into their revision standards.This will open an even larger opportunity for all students to know what is engineeringand help them think about engineering careers. Colleges and Universities are also veryinterested in recruiting more girls to engineering and have a range of programs fromsummer camps to college student outreach into classrooms to bringing students ontocampus. There is a need to study and compile best practices from these recruitmentactivities (i.e., How do students perceive the messages?, How successful are theserecruitment activities?, How do engineers present themselves?). Dissemination of thesebest practices might help to recruit women and minorities into engineering on largerscales. For a partial

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics - Courses and Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald McEachron, Drexel University; Sheila Vaidya, Drexel University; Stacey Ake, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

aspects and further development ofthe student trainee’s own ethical system. The trainee will be required to investigate and analyzean issue of his or own choice and submit an abstract or presentation proposal to a professionaljournal in ethics or to a conference. The on-the-job aspect will involve the trainees acting asethics consultants to senior design teams. Each senior design team is required to analyze theethical implications of their product or process design and the trainee/tutor will engage thestudents on those teams in generating the best possible analysis. The student design teams willthen rate the trainee/consultants on their impact. This allows for the faculty to review theperformance of each trainee/tutor in a more controlled

Conference Session

Modeling Student Data

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian Nicholls, University of Pittsburgh; Harvey Wolfe, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Page 14.966.3survival analysis techniques to explore the time to complete a doctorate at the HarvardUniversity Graduate School of Education (HGSE). Willett and Singer13 stated that educationalresearchers should employ survival analysis techniques in order to study topics such as studentpersistence and teacher attrition. The article maintained that one of the best reasons to applysurvival analysis is that standard statistical techniques require knowledge of when the eventoccurred (the outcome) for each sample member. This is a standard unlikely to be met instudying event times. Regardless of the length of the study, it is probable that some samplemembers will not experience the event of interest prior to the end of data collection.The prior

Conference Session

Retention Tools and Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daina Briedis, Michigan State University; Neeraj Buch, Michigan State University; Jan Collins-Eaglin, Michigan State University; Nathaniel Ehrlich, Michigan State University; Denise Fleming, Michigan State University; Timothy Hinds, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University; Mark Urban-Lurain, Michigan State University; Thomas Wolff, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

responsible for providing vision, direction, planning and implementation regarding the use of technology in instruction of mathematics and science. Mark's research interests are in theories of cognition, how these theories inform the design of instruction, how we might best design instructional technology within those frameworks, and how the research and development of instructional technologies can inform our theories of cognition.Thomas Wolff, Michigan State University Dr. THOMAS F. WOLFF is Associate Dean of Engineering for Undergraduate Studies at Michigan State University and a faculty member in Civil and Environmental Engineering. In the fall of 2005, he was a member of the ASCE Levee Assessment

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Jones, Purdue University; Peter Meckl, Purdue University; Michael Harris, Purdue University; Monica Cox, Purdue University; Osman Cekic, Purdue University; Martin Okos, Purdue University; Osvaldo Campanella, Purdue University; Neal Houze, Purdue University; James Litster, Purdue University; Nathan Mosier; Bernard Tao, Purdue University; Daniel Delaurentis, Purdue University; David Radcliffe, Purdue University; Kathleen Howell, Purdue University; Masataka Okutsu, Purdue University; Sean Brophy, Purdue University; Amy Penner, Purdue University; Alice Wilson, Purdue University; Leah Jamieson, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

of 2020 Seed Grant program is designed to provide seed funding for faculty to tryout new and innovative strategies that foster these target attributes. The first round of grants wassolicited in fall of 2007, and these first grants were awarded in February 2008. A total of 19proposals were submitted, of which 5 were selected for funding at a level of $40,000 each. Thecriteria upon which the proposals were rated included: 1. Significance of the proposed project in relation to current knowledge 2. Grounding of the proposal in current theories and knowledge on teaching and learning 3. Potential impact of the work (its ability to embed the new attributes in all CoE graduates) 4. Potential to gain significant funding beyond the seed

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Cases and Models

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dana Clarke, Applied Innovation Alliance; Donald Reimer, Lawrence Technological University; Ahad Ali, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

application, consulting, facilitation and training of such methodologies and business practices as TRIZ, Competitive Opportunity Management, Strategic Planning, Competitive Intelligence, Product / Process Development and Optimization, Business Process Innovation, Design for Manufacture and Assembly, Quality Function Deployment, Technology Research and Organizational Engineering.Donald Reimer, Lawrence Technological University Donald M. Reimer is currently a fulltime senior lecturer and Associate Director of The Lear Entrepreneurial Program in College of Engineering at Lawrence Tech. Mr. Reimer holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Management from Lawrence Technological University and

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Cardella, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University; Amber Oliver, Purdue University; Matthew Verleger, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

effective when theinstructor recognizes that there may be multiple approaches and understandings and that forcingstudents towards a solitary solution path may not be beneficial. Due to the open-ended nature ofMEAs, students and TAs are encouraged to be creative and unique in their methods for solvingproblems.This study is part of a larger research effort to develop pedagogical approaches around feedback Page 14.742.3on open-ended problem solving that (1) improve instructor and peer feedback and (2) helpstudents learn to interpret and respond to feedback. In this paper, we begin to investigate theexperiences of Graduate Teaching Assistants who

Conference Session

Gender and Minority Issues in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Siddika Guzey, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Tamara Moore, University of Minnesota; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

activities and integrating technology into science classrooms. Technology Enhanced Communities (TEC) funded by the Minnesota Office of Higher Education is an online learning community developed in collaboration with graduate students David Groos and Joel Donna for middle school science teachers in Minneapolis Public Schools working to integrate technology into their classrooms. TEC will be extended to include teachers on the White Earth Reservation. Page 14.288.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Bridge Design on the Reservation: A Study of Curriculum

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josef Rojter, Victoria University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

pedagogy may be actually deleterious to professional education. Aldred et al37 observedthat PBL pedagogies in professional curricula are driven by instrumental perspectives leading Page 14.100.9to a reduced capacity for critical thought among graduates. Boud and Feletti38 warn that manyPBL courses reduce professional practice to a perception of problematic routines tackledusing existing schema. Students focus on what is needed to solve a problem leading them toinvest only equation learning with practical value. Fenwick39 condenses professionaleducation onto developing an understanding and the practice of framing ill-structuredproblems and solving them