Conference Session

FPD 3: Retention

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter A Sable, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Sharon Liz Karackattu; Matthew J. Traum, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

the University of Alabama - Foundation Coalition Program.”http://www.foundationcoalition.org/publications/journalpapers/fie95/4a11.pdf (accessed 10/16/13).9. M. A. Reyes, M. R. Anderson-Rowland, and M. A. McCartney, “Freshman Introductory Engineering SeminarCourse: Coupled with Bridge Program Equals Academic Success and Retention.” Page 24.613.12http://www.foundationcoalition.org/publications/journalpapers/fie98/1280.pdf (accessed 10/16/13).10. G. L. Hein and S. A. Sorby, “Engineering Explorations: Introducing First Year Students to Engineering,”presented at IEEE/ASEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Reno, NV, 2001.11. J

Conference Session

Innovations in Pedagogy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Casey Jane Ankeny PhD, Arizona State University; Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

for upper-division undergraduates and serves as a mechanism for just-in-timeteaching. Moreover, preliminary analysis of student attitude and persistence data both supportthat this instructional paradigm is an effective pedagogy for teaching and learning in the flippedclassroom.AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the support of this work from NSF Grant #1226325. Page 24.614.14Works Cited1. McKeachie, W. J. Student-centered versus instructor-centered instruction. J. Educ. Psychol. 45, 143–150 (1954).2. Mason, G. S., Shuman, T. R. & Cook, K. E. Comparing the Effectiveness of an Inverted Classroom to a Traditional Classroom

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Moaveni, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Karen C. Chou, Northwestern University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

states), sample calculations of each limit state todetermine the load carrying capacity of the connection, field examples, and a 3-D finite elementmodel of that connection. The 3-D model provides a visual display of stress distribution in theconnection area.The solid model of the steel sculpture was developed using Creo and converted to a 3-Dinteractive PDF file. This was done to avoid the need for purchasing the Creo software. A webpage was also developed where users can download the virtual sculpture and the linkeddocuments. Three survey forms were also developed with a slightly different focus to seekfeedback from students, educators, and recent engineering graduates. The user may completethe online survey form after s/he has had an

Conference Session

Innovations in Electrical Engineering Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; George Jonathan Roskovich, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

: Figure 2.13: DC Motor Time Domain Equations Note that: ω= ω(t) eb=eb(t) θ = θ(t) ia=ia(t) and va=va(t) Taking the equations to the S domain (Laplace Transform) yields the followingequations: Figure 2.14: DC Motor S-Domain Equations From the equations above, and assuming La is very small, we obtain the transfer functionfor the DC Motor Figure 2.15: Transfer Function Equation for a DC Motor Page 24.173.12 By recognizing Km as the DC Motor Gain constant and Tm as the DC Motor timeconstant, the transfer function can be simplified to become

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Garrick A. Aden-Buie, University of South Florida; Autar Kaw, University of South Florida; Ali Yalcin, University of South Florida; Ram Pendyala, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Florida (USF) College of Engineering. Any opinions, findings, andconclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.7 References[1] J. Biggs and C. Tang, Teaching for quality learning at university. McGraw-Hill International, 2011.[2] C. Rust, “The Impact of Assessment on Student Learning: How Can the Research Literature Practically Help to Page 24.195.12Inform the Development of Departmental Assessment Strategies and Learner-Centred Assessment Practices?”Active Learning in Higher Education, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 145–158, Jul

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan E. Esparragoza, Pennsylvania State University, Media; Sheila Katherine Lascano Farak, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María ; Jared Roberto Ocampo, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana; Roberto Viganò, Politecnico di Milano; Jorge W. Duque-Rivera Duque-Rivera, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; Carlos A. Rodriguez, EAFIT University

Tagged Divisions

International

adjustments to identify the best tools for communication and best practices toimprove the interaction and the design process during multinational collaborative projects. Thevalidity and reliability of the survey will be also determined based on the data received andfuture assessment cycles. Results for the first assessment will be presented in anotherpublication.References Page 24.202.111. Shachaf, P. (2008). Cultural diversity and information and communication technology impacts on global virtual teams: an exploratory study. Information and Management, Vol. 45, Iss. 2, 131 - 142.2. Davidow, W. H., & Malone, M. S. (1992

Conference Session

Curriculum & Student Enrollment II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason K. Durfee P.E., Eastern Washington University; William R. Loendorf, Eastern Washington University; Doris M. Munson, Eastern Washington University; Donald C. Richter, Eastern Washington University; Terence Geyer, Eastern Washington University; Martin William Weiser, Eastern Washington University; A. Hossain, Eastern Washington University; Hani Serhal Saad, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

studies in hopes of establishing a useful dialogue in higher education on the aspectsof attendance.Bibliography 1. Armstrong, J. S., 2012 , “Would Mandatory Attendance be Effective for Economics Classes,” retrieved December 1, 2012 from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=634127. 2. Beaulieu, R., and Sheffler, D., 1985 , “Positive and punitive contingencies and the control of absenteeism." College Student Journal, 19 pp. 242-245. 3. Berenson, S. B., Carter, G., and Norwood, K. S., 1992 , “The At‐Risk Student in College Developmental Algebra," School Science and Mathematics, 92(2) pp. 55-58. 4. Brewer, E. W., and Burgess, D. N., 2005 , “Professor's Role in Motivating Students to Attend Class

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sean Moseley, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Rachel McCord, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Talk about Salient Problem Features. Journal of Engineering Education, 2010. 99(2): p. 135-142.3. Litzinger, T.A., P.V. Meter, C.M. Firetto, L.J. Passmore, C.B. Masters, S.R. Turns, G.L. Gray, F. Costanzo, and S.E. Zappe, A Cognitive Study of Problem Solving in Statics. Journal of Engineering Education, 2010. 99(4): p. 337-353.4. Chi, M.T.H., P.J. Feltovich, and R. Glaser, Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices. Cognitive Science, 1981. 5(2): p. 121-152.5. Brown, J., A. Collins, and S. Newman, Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics. Cognition and instruction: Issues and agendas, 1989: p. 453-494

Conference Session

Teaching Approaches for Ethics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Raridon, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Rebecca A. Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Deborah K. Nykanen P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato; Marilyn C. Hart, Minnesota State University- Mankato; Winston Sealy, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

ofresults includes faculty observations of student learning experiences.BackgroundThe STEM scholarship is awarded on a competitive basis with an emphasis on selecting studentsto form a diverse cohort. The intention is to create a group of scholars representing differentSTEM majors, academic years, gender, race, socioeconomic background, and culturalexperience. Scholars are awarded a $5,000 scholarship (providing significant tuition assistance)which is renewable for up to three years. These scholarships are funded by a National ScienceFoundation S-STEM grant and the selected students must have demonstrated financial need andan eligible declared major (Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Information Technology;Electrical, Computer, Civil

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences in Signal Processing and Controls

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bonnie H. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology; Aldo A. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology; Kenneth A Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

the number of wires that you have to connect. Typically, groups of 5 holes are Each vertical group of 5 holes is connected. Every hole in this horizontal line is connected.The prelab asks students to find an expression for the transfer function Y(s)/U(s) for the systemfrom the equations in the Appendix, given the following system parameters: L = 1 m, xr = 0.25m, xf = 0.1 m, T /   1 m/s. Only look at the first five modes, that is, let n=5.Students are also asked to plot the frequency response of the vibrating string versus frequency in

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Seth Bates; Patricia Backer

success seems likely to grow and spread in influence through the student population itserves. It is exciting, builds student confidence and team working skills, and prepares allstudents for cross-disciplinary work in the real world.Bibliography1. Bronet, P., Eglash, R., Gabriele, G., Hess, D., & Kagan, L. (2003). Product Design and Innovation: Evolution ofan Interdisciplinary Design Curriculum. International Journal of Engineering Education, 19(1), 305-318,2. Carroll, D. R. (1997). Integrating design into the sophomore and junior level mechanics course. Journal ofEngineering Education, 86(3), 227-231.3. Lamancusa, J. S., Jorgensen, J. E., & Zayas-Castro, J. L. (1997). The Learning Factory—A new approach tointegrating design and

Conference Session

Program Level Assessment

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Peter Young

Atabeyli (ChalmersUniversity of Technology). Page 10.400.12 Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering EducationBIBLIOGRAPHY1. Malmqvist, J., Young, P.W., Hallström, S., Svensson, T., “Lessons Learned From Design-Build-Test-Based Project Courses”, International Design Conference - Design 2004, Dubrovnik, May 18 - 21, 2004.2. Berggren, K.F., Brodeur, D B., Crawley, E. F., Ingemarsson, I., Litant, W. T. J., Malmqvist, J., Östlund, S. “CDIO: An International Initiative for Reforming Engineering Education

Conference Session

IE/EM Skills in Real World Concepts

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Lisa McNair; Garlie A. Forehand; Judith Norback

same audience, can provide valuableinformation to the presenter, if they are available. Surveys or “needs assessments” can also beconducted. For example, interviews or questionnaires may be used to find out what the audienceneed[s] or want[s],or what problems they may have” 23. And, finally, the web or any publicbusiness records can be searched for additional audience information 24. As you can see from thegreat variety of audience characteristics and suggested modes of collecting information aboutthem, “effective speakers spend a great deal of time analyzing their audiences”25.Several of the textbooks describe the different roles audience members may play. For example,Lay & Wahlstrom26 cover the following roles: 1

Conference Session

Embedded Computing

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Pamela Beavis; Mahbub Sardar; Lewis Sircin; George Janack; Daniel Pack; Austin Griffith; Steven Barrett

B at t PS S upp ly Ba tt 1+ Ba tt 2+ Batt1- Batt2

Conference Session

Graduate Education in ET

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Biwu Yang; Tijjani Mohammed

. These incidences may sometimes cause thestudents to reconsider their intents for graduate study. Third, moving equipment to some remotelocation(s) is time consuming and carries some degree of risk of loss and/or damage, anddeprives the school of its potential use to teach, learn, or conduct research.Ideally, hands-on, online graduate programs should allow the students to learn the requiredmaterial at their convenience; permit adequate interaction with instructor and among thestudents; conduct hands-on exercises anytime and anywhere; individualize instruction tocapitalize the varied backgrounds and experiences of working professionals; provide adequateand up-to-date equipment for relevant and uninhibited exploration and experimentation; andmuch

Conference Session

Innovation in Curriculum Development

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Knox; Randall Kolar; Teri Rhoads; Kurt Gramoll

Mechanics ModulesFor each of the design tasks discussed in Section 4, we identified the fluid mechanics principlesneeded to complete the task, as shown in Table 1 below. These basic principles guideddevelopment of the fluid mechanics IT modules. To the extent possible, the modules areindependent of one another; where some previous knowledge is needed, the student is linked tothe appropriate section(s).Table 1. Fluid mechanics principles needed for projects in water resources engineering. Task Description Fluids Principles 1 Water demand • basic units (Q, V, gallons, liters, etc.) • hydrographs

Conference Session

Technology and Learning

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Marijke Kehrhahn; Kelli Vallieres; Alexandra Bell; Nicholas Massa

successful distance learning. Paper presented at EdMedia 2000: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications, Montreal, Canada.9. Sabry, K. & Baldwin, L. (2003). Web-based learning interaction and learning styles. British Journal of Educational Technology, 34(4), 443-454.10. Cennamo, K. S., Ross, J. D., & Rogers, C. S., (2002). Evolution of a web-based course: Incorporating strategies for self-regulation, Educause Quarterly, 25(1), 28-33..11. Hase, S. & Ellis, A. (2001). Problems with Online Learning are Systemic, Not Technical.” In Stephenson, J. (Ed). Teaching And Learning Online: Pedagogies for New Technologies. Kogan Page: Sterling, VA, pp. 27- 34.12. Massa, N. M

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Education by Design

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

George Catalano

; (b) itreminds the reader what had been accomplished during the previous period; and (c) itdescribes the work that is to be accomplished during the next reporting period. The WARalso gives a brief synopsis of any and all meetings held with the project advisor andsponsor(s). The specific format used for the construction of the WAR is left up to eachadvisor and/or sponsor; the main requirement being that each maintains the highestprofessional standards. At the end of the first two weeks, each design team provides the course directorwith a statement of work with timelines/milestone schedule. (An example of anacceptable statement of work with timelines/milestone schedule was provided in class.)At the end of the fall semester, each team

Conference Session

The Best of Interdisciplinary Programs

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

William Marshall; Steven Budd; Michael Fountain; Paul Givens

pedagogy reported by Solomon, et.al.8,(case studies, business plan writing, and lectures) by providing critical information and trainingin novel and innovative ways, and by utilizing inter-disciplinary, team-based methods. Thisallows different viewpoints and areas of expertise to be utilized for maximum team performanceand outcome benefit; in addition to providing the best education and training for students andfaculty, with maintenance of quality control and accountability through the mentor(s)/instructors.The goals and objectives of this course have been to: • teach and demonstrate the principles and techniques of inter-disciplinary teamwork, • teach students and investigators the principles and techniques of intellectual property

Conference Session

ChE Outreach and Recruitment

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Tracy Carter; Paula Leventman; Katherine Ziemer

Session Number: STEM Teams and The Great Orange Squeeze: A Unique Approach to Preparing Middle School Educators for the Massachusetts Engineering Framework Requirements Katherine S. Ziemer1, Tracy Carter1, Paula Leventman2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115/ 2College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115Massachusetts was the first state in the nation to introduce engineering as part of the K-12education frameworks. In the middle schools, the engineering framework is tested as part of thecompulsory Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) exam. The engineeringframework requirement

Conference Session

Outreach: Future Women in Engineering I

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Merredith Portsmore; Kaitlyn Conroy; Melissa Pickering; Emily Ryan; Brian Gravel

. Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering Education2. Hill, S. T. (National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Studies, Arlington, VA, 2001).3. Tobias, S. (1990) They're not dumb, they're different: Stalking the second tier. Research Corporation: Tucson, AZ.4. Rosser, S. V. (ed.) Female-friendly science (Pergamon Press, New York, 1990).5. Seymour, E. & Hewitt, N. M. (1997) Talking about leaving: Why undergraduates leave the sciences. Westview Press: Boulder, CO.6. Adelman, C. (U.S. Department of Education (USDE), Office of Educational Research and

Conference Session

Women in Engineering: Faculty/Curriculum

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Alice Pawley

history, or the history ofindividuals”28 to philosophy and literary criticism, what is often called “science and technologystudies” is growing in reach and depth, and considers the topic of gender in science from manymore angles than simply women's underrepresentation.Feminist science scholars question who benefits from how science is practiced, how scientistsproduce theory about the natural/cultural/political/social world(s), how scientists determine whatis worthy of study and what is not, and who does not benefit from these investigations.Simultaneously, they are concerned with what remains “unsaid” in science: along with manyother scholars, Harding28, 29 has written extensively about the androcentric bias in biology andthe social sciences, as

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Julie Sharp, Vanderbilt University

engineering majors may anticipate aftergraduation. Types of jobs represented ranged from expected chemical engineering tasks to sales,management, and consulting. The speakers represented employers such as NASA, Magotteau,Gobbell Hays Partners, and DuPont. Only two speakers worked in Nashville, where Vanderbilt islocated. Of the remaining three, one was from Delaware, one from Alabama, and one fromTexas. Three different decades were represented, with one speaker having graduated in the '70's,two in the '80's, and two in the '90's. In addition to all speakers being alumni, four of the fivewere my former students. (A sixth speaker, a 2002 graduate from Marathon Oil in Illinois,accepted but had to cancel travel plans because of extreme weather conditions

Conference Session

Curriculums in Transition

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Nathan Klingbeil

-Piana, C. K., 1999, "CircLES: A Retention Program for Entering Students in Engineering, Mathematics and Science," Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, Vol. 3, 13d8-2.4. Richardson, J., Dantzler, J, 2002, "Effect of a Freshman Engineering Program on Retention and Academic Performance," Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, Vol. 3, S2C/16-S2C/22.5. Kellar, J.J., Hovey, W., Langerman, M., Howard, S., Simonson, L., Kjerengtroen, L., Stetler, L., Heilhecker, H., Arneson-Meyer, L., Kellogg, S. D., 2000, "Problem Based Learning Approach for Freshman Engineering," Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, Vol. 2, F2G-7-F2G-10.6. Howard, B., 1999, "Enough of This Science and Mathematics, Let's Do Some

Conference Session

The Best of Interdisciplinary Programs

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

William Rossi; Herbert Ingley; Erik Sander; Dow Whitney; Marc Hoit; R. Keith Stanfill

. building and working in a multidisciplinary business team 5. business planning and plans 6. marketing in an entrepreneurial environment 7. financing models (fundraising) 8. financials (income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement).ITV teamsIn the pilot offering, three virtual companies were formed. At least two ITV teams will beformed in each subsequent program year. Each ITV team consists of the following:• a technology development team composed of four to six undergraduate engineering and business students coached by an engineering faculty “coach”• a two- to five-person market research and business plan development team composed of MBA students coached by a CEI faculty member, the engineering faculty inventor(s

Conference Session

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Scott Danielson; Al Post; Bradley Rogers

/Fuel_Cells_for_Houses.pdf (Accessed January 2004.)4. Larminie, J. and Dicks, A., Fuel Cell Systems Explained, Wiley, 2000.5. Fuel Cell Handbook, 6th Edition, U.S Department of Energy, November 2002.6. Mehta, V and Cooper, J. S., Review and Analysis of PEM Fuel Cell Design and Manufacturing, Journal of Power Sources 114, pp 32-53, 2003. (Recommended)7. Fuel Cells: Green Power, S. Thomas, M. Zalbowitz, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, August 2003 http://education.lanl.gov/resources/fuelcells/fuelcells.pdf. (Accessed January 2004.)8. Barbir, F. - Technical Challenges in PEM Fuel Cell Development, Energy Partners, Inc., http://www.powerpulse.net/powerpulse/archive/aa_071299b1.stm.9. Bar-On, I., Kichain, R., Roth, R. – Technical cost

Conference Session

Innovations in the Aerospace Classroom

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Masoud Rais-Rohani

. This paper presents thedetails of this experiential learning activity as well as a formative assessment of its effectiveness.I. IntroductionPrior to the 1950's, it was common for engineering programs to offer in their curricula suchcourses as sheet-metal fabrication, casting, and machine shop. With the advent of computers andmore emphasis on the theoretical side of engineering education, the courses on mechanical artswere gradually phased out with most of hands-on activities reduced and squeezed into thelaboratory courses. This shift in engineering education is mostly responsible for manyengineering graduates to have a very narrow understanding of the product development processthrough which a design concept is transformed into a physical

Conference Session

Laboratory Developments and Innovations

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Venkata Ramana Ajjarapu; Shashank Krishnamurty; Sastry Vedula

prototyping tool would be valuable for an integrated teaching/research activity inPE area.References[1] G. Kurpis and C. Booth, The New IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms. NewYork, 1993.[2] O. Mo, Ned Mohan, R. Nilssen, W.P. Robbins, T.M. Undeland, “Simulation of Power Electronic andMotion Control Systems- An overview”. Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume:82 Issue:8, Aug. 1994 pp 1287 –1302[3] D. Maksimovic, A.M. Stankovic, V.J. Thottuvelil ,G.C. Verghese, “ Modeling and Simulation of PowerElectronic Converters”. Proceedings of the IEEE , Volume: 89 Issue: 6 , June 2001 ,Page(s): 898 –912.[4] R. Satish , T. V. Sivakumar, V. V. Sastry, V. Ajjarapu, S. S. Venkata, “ A PC-based Object-Centric VirtualPower

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Thomas Walker; Patrick Devens

Figure 3. Fall '97 Overall "C" grade Freshman-Engineering Student Performance.A display of all Fall '97 students grades in EF1015 versus their respective mathematicspre-test scores is displayed in Figure 4 and provided from Figure 1. The figure is derivedby taking vertical slices of Figure 1 when the “EF1015 Grade”s are “0.0” (“F”), “1.0”(“D”), “1.7” (“C-“), “2.0” (“C”), “3.0” (“B”), and “4.0” (“A”). EF1015 Grade / Fall 97 / All 5 4 F Student

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanics Education

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Don Evans; Gary Gray; Francesco Costanzo; Phillip Cornwell; Brian Self

thereform path than other disciplines due to the existence of an assessment instrument thattests basic concepts. The well-known Force Concept Inventory (FCI) assessment instrumentof Hestenes, et al.14 has been in use for over 15 years and is now credited with stimulatingreform of physics education. Such assessment inventories can play an important part inrelating teaching techniques to student learning. The design of these instruments relies onthe designer(s) knowing the misconceptions commonly held by students in a discipline.The instruments use these misconceptions as distractors to see if a student can pick out acorrect concept from among the common misconceptions