Conference Session

Mathematics Division (MATH) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Djedjiga Belfadel, Fairfield University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics Division (MATH)

models pertinent to engineering as the semester unfolds.This course stands out due to its inclusion of weekly 75-minute Peer Learning Group (PLG)sessions. These workshops, led by a teaching assistant, offer hands-on programming practicebeyond lectures, reinforcing core concepts. The PLG is a non-credit corequisite, taught by aproficient former student, with all materials provided by the faculty. There is no direct gradeassigned to the PLG because students are completing their Programming assignments during thePLG. The focus is to give students confidence to start writing code from scratch and let themdevelop their own programming style.In addition to the regular coursework, the curriculum is enriched with challenges and modulesfrom the MathWorks

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Cox, Purdue University; Cyndi Lynch, Purdue University; Jiabin Zhu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Phillip Dunston, Purdue University; Audeen Fentiman, Purdue University; Pamella Shaw, Purdue University; Demetra Evangelou, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

and seminars; engagement in research and grant writing groups;collaboration with existing campus programs to create sustainable communities across diversegraduate student populations; and the development of research skills. This paper provides anoverview of the program and research questions that are being explored via the participation ofstudents and mentors in the program.Project Objectives and PlansThe Reinvigorating Engineering and Changing History (REACH) Scholars Program offersqualified Master’s and direct Ph.D. engineering students opportunities to explore multipleacademic pathways and to work closely with their peers, with alumni, and with faculty to createa community of scholars who will be prepared broadly for careers across

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Daniel Raviv

material. The activities help students to: -discover and explore problems and solutions -learn new concepts in thinking -become more creative/inventive -become more open-minded and learn how to avoid mental blocks -appreciate diversity and discover self -use intuition and common sense in problem solving -experience design basics and exercise the “more than one solution” approach -deal with peer pressure -enjoy learning. In addition, the activities help to: -boost teaming skills -increase interaction and cooperation -improve communication between students Some of the activities are well known, but others are new. They help a great deal to achieve the goals of the course. Observations of students “in

Conference Session

Materials Division (MATS) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yljing Stehle, Union College

Tagged Divisions

Materials Division (MATS)

be addressed, which is partially open-ending [2,3].Recognizing the efficacy of project-based lab designs in fostering creative engagement anddeep learning, this modification aims to bridge the gap between traditional, instruction-centriclabs and student-directed projects. The project-based laboratory design is intended to motivatestudents towards deep learning, advanced engineering skills, and high-level learning outcomeswhile preparing them well for open-ended labs at the senior level [4,5]. In addition, studentswill work as a group and focus on provided materials (i.e., graphene oxide membrane, aerogel)in this project-based lab to encourage communication and peer learning. Moreover, theselection of materials for the project is drawn from

Conference Session

Student Success and Interactions

Collection

2022 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Adam Steven Weaver, Utah State University; Jack Elliott, Utah State University

Tagged Topics

Conference Submission

purposes reported an enhanced learning experience at aChinese public university. Further, Hurst, Wallace, and Nixon [3] surveyed undergraduatestudents and concluded that students believe social interactions increased their enjoyment oflearning, interest in topics, and level of responsiveness. Beyond academic success, engineers ofthe 21st century must effectively engage with peers [7], and as noted by Passow [7], teamworkand communication are among the most valuable skills in the engineering industry. Byresearching these benefits, educators can capture and incentivize the positive attributes ofstudents’ interactions. Further, such research often requires methods, like SNA, forcharacterizing interactions of the research participants.Social Network

Conference Session

Computers in Education Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Neelam Soundarajan, Ohio State University; Swaroop Joshi, Ohio State University; Rajiv Ramnath, Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. Page 26.1763.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Work-in-Progress: Conflict-Driven Cooperative-Learning in Engineering Courses Abstract Conflict and cooperation would seem to be ideas that are diametrically opposed to each other. But, in fact, classic work by Piaget on how children and adults learn shows that when learners engage with peers in critical discussion of ideas concerning which they have different understandings, that contributes very effectively to learners developing deep understanding of the concepts involved. At the same time, getting students in undergraduate engineering

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Behzad Beigpourian, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

collaboration, quality of peer evaluation, the strategy of teamformation, and communication among team members can raise issues related to the genderand race. These problems can be solved by educating students to deal with possible issuesand understand the importance of diversity. Also, facilitating teams during the semester isessential for reducing any conflict related to gender or race. But, the most important one isthe perception of professors because no problem can be solved if professors do not believethe importance of gender and race in teamwork AcknowledgmentWe would like to thank Dr. Godwin for her guidance in writing this paper. We also want tothank Maizey Benner for her contribution

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy J. Garrison, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

overten percentage points. This paper describes the restructuring of the course to integrate the lecture,lab, and recitation components. It also covers how the traditional laboratories have been replacedwith interactive laboratories and includes methodologies and best practices. The paper addressesthe peer instruction method (also known as think-pair-share) including formation of conceptquestions and best practices. Five years worth of pre- and post-class assessment data arepresented and show that significant performance gains were achieved as each of the elements(blended lecture and lab, interactive laboratories, and peer instruction) were incorporated. Lastly,the paper describes the current initiative to remove the remaining lecture component

Conference Session

Professional Skills and the Workplace

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Huyck, Illinois Institute of Technology; daniel ferguson, Illinois Institute of Technology; Elizabeth Howard, Illinois Institute of Technology; June Ferrill, Rice University; Lisa Getzler-Linn, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

evolved over the past decade focusingon professional skills, such as ethical awareness, and from the reports by the National Academyon the attributes of the engineer of 20202 3. While most engineering students have presumablybeen exposed to an engineering Code of Ethics, it has not been established that this exposure hasa great impact on their future decision making. The ideal outcome, presumably, is that allstudents would be able to recognize a situation, in professional or personal life, that presented anethical dilemma, would be able to analyze the challenge from a variety of perspectives anddiscuss it with relevant peers, and make an informed decision, recognizing the ways in whichthey were adhering to some codes of ethics but perhaps not to

Conference Session

Communication and Collaboration

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University; Are Magnus Bruaset, Simula Research Laboratory; Melissa Marshall, Pennsylvania State University; Marianne M. Sundet, Simula Research Laboratory; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

in Norway has collaborated with faculty fromPennsylvania State University to pilot a national workshop (given in English) forNorwegian Ph.D. students on communicating scientific research. Funded primarily byNorwegian industries, the 3-day workshop was divided into three segments: (1) makingresearch presentations to a technical audience, (2) writing research papers anddissertations to technical audiences, and (3) making research presentations to generalaudiences. The first two segments, on making research presentations and writing researchdocuments to technical audiences, were based on a workshop series that was developed atnational laboratories in the U.S., taught to more than 1000 professionals and graduatestudents, and formally

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claire L. A. Dancz, Clemson University; Elizabeth A. Adams, Cuesta College; Nihal Orfi, Fresno City College; Carol Haden; Yushin Ahn

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

, including those who remain in theprogram after transfer, are supported with annual scholarships of up to $6000, depending onfinancial need. In addition to scholarship money, students participate in a variety of programactivities throughout the school year in the form of academic seminars, extracurricular events,professional development, faculty mentoring, peer mentoring, academic advising, andundergraduate research opportunities. Noteworthy elements of the program in years three and fourinclude 1) the selection and award of the fourth and final cohort entering the program, 2) atransition of leadership to a new principal investigator for the program at the two-college, and 3)the increase in number of students who have continued with the program

Conference Session

Intro to Engineering: Not Just 1st Year Engineers

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Suzanne Keilson

theirreading and writing in class discussions. In addition, scholastic conversation among peers inmore informal settings is encouraged during casual get-togethers. Students often don’t knowhow to create opportunities that allow them to get excited about discussing ideas. A selection ofvideos on appropriate engineering topics (Building Big, To Engineer is Human, Miracles ofDesign, NOVA) is already available at the Loyola-Notre Dame Library, which makes anexcellent starting point for such discussions.Engineering decision-making is practiced under conditions of uncertainty, risk, and moralambiguity. It is therefore natural for controversies to surround both engineering successes andfailures. Critical understanding of the technical and non-technical

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Barbara Mirel; Atul Prakash; Leslie A. Olsen; Elliot Soloway

to timeconstraints of a school term, and to bring the course more in step with industry approaches by thefollowing:• educating students on techniques for defining a vision of the product (what is it doing and for whom),• placing greater emphasis on the client’s and user’s perspective, the interface design, and interface’s effects upon the rest of the code, and• conducting iterative usability testing, starting early in the project cycle.From inception to completion of the software, these important issues are addressed by teachingstudents to write well-reviewed specifications and user documentation, by beginning this early inthe term, and by using these documents to inform the design.Problem With Software Design CoursesIn the computer

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Sub Ramakrishnan; Mohammad B. Dadfar

formats acrossheterogeneous computer systems. RPC integrates well within the course framework.The second project is an extension of the local programming paradigm. The students built anapplication to provide remote file service with functionality similar to that of NFS. It includedprimitives for remote file manipulation: open, read, write, and close. Like NFS, the applicationis stateless. This project helped them appreciate the need for a network representation and thesimplicity and power of stateless servers. Further, they realized that the classroom instructionprovides practical concepts useful in building real world applications comparable to popularservices like NFS.3. A Client-Server Project in JavaClassroom instruction provides the

Collection

2007 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Adriana Popescu

critically and effectively about scientific articlesin the students’ own area of research. By using the specific topics that the students chose to write about,the major tools for locating journal literature have been reviewed and discussed in detail.Internet search engines are the preferred starting point for conducting literature searches, with Google,being the favorite. Very few students however were familiar with Google Scholar, the tool developed byGoogle to search and index scholarly publications, such as peer-reviewed papers, theses, preprints,abstracts, and technical reports from all disciplines of research. While search engines can be valuabletools to quickly locate some needed information, it was pointed out to the students that they don’t

Conference Session

Pre-College: Techniques and Programs for Promoting Engineering Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen B. Wendell Ph.D., Tufts University; Chelsea Joy Andrews, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

curriculum materials to create a learning environment where all students canfully participate in engineering design? What kinds of classroom norms do we need to establishfor productive engineering work to take place? These questions may be especially important inschools where students do not frequently have opportunities to engage with their peers in thekind of collaborative decision-making required by engineering design.    To begin to answer these important questions, we are conducting a multi-year design-basedresearch project investigating engineering language and literacy demands, resources, andsupports in economically disadvantaged urban U.S. elementary classrooms using the EiEcurriculum. This work involves identifying more and less

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Alex Birdwell, Northwestern University; Michael Peshkin, Northwestern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

 equations,  drawn  on  chalkboards  or  whiteboards.  In  capturing  lectures  on  video  however,  these  traditional  props  become  liabilities:  the  presenter  must  turn  away  from  the  audience  to  write  or  draw  on  the  board,  and  the  presenter’s  body  often  obscures  the  material.        We  developed  the  Lightboard  to  create  visually  compelling  videotaped  lectures,  to  avoid  the  liabilities  of  chalkboards,  and  furthermore  to  be  able  to  produce  upload-­‐ready  video  segments  with  no  post-­‐production.    The  Lightboard  is  a  glass  board,  carrying  light  internally  from  LED  strips  along  its  edges.  A  video  camera  captures  the  presenter  and  his/her  writing  by  viewing  through  the

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Marilyn Dyrud

anexpressed interest in ethics, a willingness to participate, and openness about sharing materialswith departmental peers. During the first year, participants hailed from our School ofEngineering and Industrial and Technologies (engineering, engineering technology, andbusiness). The second year drew from the School of Health and the Arts and Sciences(communications, social sciences, mathematics, physics, natural sciences, dental hygiene, andmedical imaging). And for the past two years, faculty were invited from all of these fields. Inaddition, administrators have attended, including the deans from both schools as well as theprovost. Conspicuous administrative involvement has lent support to the whole venture andgiven a tacit seal of approval.I have

Conference Session

Web Based Laboratories and Classes

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Helen Grady

, showing interrelationships distinguish, examine, experiment, identify, inventory, justify, organize, present, question, resolve, select, separate, test Synthesis - bringing together Alter, argue, arrange, assemble, change, collect, combine, compose, parts of knowledge to form a construct, create, derive, design, develop, discuss, expand, extend, whole and solve a problem formulate, generalize, manage, modify, organize, plan, prepare, propose, rearrange, recombine, reconstruct, regroup, relate, restate, reorder, set up, summarize, synthesize, write Evaluation - making Agree, appraise, argue, assess, assume

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Postcard Session (Best of WIPs)

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Gordon Browne, The University of Illinois Chicago; Anthony E. Felder, The University of Illinois Chicago; Adrian P. Defante

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

entering industry, but recognition only represents base knowledgeacquisition based on Bloom’s Taxonomy principles. Here we describe a set of curricular modulesto enhance students’ understanding of standards in engineering practice that reflect learning at alllevels of Bloom’s Taxonomy (i.e. recognition/understanding, application, revision, and creation).The modules and their implementation will enhance students’ understanding of standards,including 1) searching and identifying appropriate standards, 2) writing appropriate protocols forthe verification of standards, 3) proposing revisions to standards, and 4) developing newstandards. With this methodology applied to different engineering/technical disciplines, we hopeto establish a distinct value

Conference Session

Professional Skills and Community Building in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Eva Chi, University of New Mexico; Abhaya Datye, University of New Mexico; Yan Chen, University of New Mexico; Sang Han, University of New Mexico; Catherine Hubka, University of New Mexico; Jamie Gomez, University of New Mexico; Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Susannah Davis, University of New Mexico

, 2021, doi: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00479.[51] M. Miletic et al., "Student retention barriers in a chemical engineering program," Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 2020, doi: 10.18260/1-2--35239.[52] C. Hubka et al., "A writing in the disciplines approach to technical report writing in chemical engineering laboratory courses," Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 2019, doi: 10.18260/1-2-- 32019.[53] C. Hubka, E. Chi, and V. Svihla, "Peer review and reflection in engineering labs: Writing to learn and learning to write," Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Trends in Accreditation and Assessment

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca A. Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Cheryl Allendoerfer, University of Washington; Ronald R. Ulseth, Itasca Community College; Bart M. Johnson, Itasca Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

students to show theyunderstand were first developed by National Academic Advisory Board member Denny Davisand then revised with feedback from other board members, faculty, the TCE Industry AdvisoryBoard and students. Figure 2 is the poster shown on Twin Cities Engineering walls andpresented to all students during incoming student orientation. It is also used as the cover pagefor student portfolios, so is revisited through each of their four semesters as they gather portfolioevidence for each outcome.In gathering portfolio evidence, students go beyond the straightforward administrative task ofgathering copies of work they have done and write a brief statement that reinforces theirlearning. The statement should assert in what way this particular

Conference Session

Software Engineering Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vignesh Subbian, University of Cincinnati; Carla C. Purdy, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

this hypothesis, wehave developed a novel pedagogical strategy called UnLecture that uses concepts from activelearning and peer instruction to fully integrate students' co-op experiences into their classroomactivities. This technique can also be applied in courses where students have worked ininternships.UnLecture Overview An UnLecture consists of a reflective writing component and a participant-driven discussion.Each UnLecture session is based on a theme directly related to one of the course topics.Typically, an UnLecture on a topic is scheduled after that topic has been covered in an in-classlecture. A rubric is provided to the students a few days prior to the session. The rubric is thecentral element facilitating various components of

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Education 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Khairiyah Mohd-Yusof, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Fatin Aliah Phang, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Aziatul Niza Sadikin, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Syed Ahmad Helmi, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Mohd Johari Kamaruddin, Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

).  Each team will be given 10 minutes to present. Everyone must present. (see presentation rubric on evaluation)  Summaries and analyze the points in a 2-page report – due Sept 24  Write a 1 page reflection journal and submit it online (Sept 27)  Please also fill in the peer rating form (Sept 27) Page 24.382.5 Figure 1. Instructions for the Engineering Overview AssignmentReferring to Figure 1, the next step after reading the literature and peer teaching is theprogress check. The purpose of this step is to ensure that students have managed to findsuitable engineers to interview, and to provide feedback on their understanding from

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yanko Kranov; Robert T. Bailey P.E., Loyola University Maryland; Suzanne Keilson, Loyola University Maryland

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

, a portfolio approach isalso being implemented this term. For the learning module materials, each student completes apre-exercise survey asking about their prior knowledge, provides evidence of their attempts toperform the exercise, and then writes a reflection about what they have learned.The opportunity has presented itself to use CATME [12] to create and assess student teams. Thissoftware, developed at Purdue University, has three elements: one for team creation, another forpeer evaluation, and a third for students to practice peer evaluation on “standardized studentteam members” which allows for some rater norming and reliability. This tool is not being usedin EG397 during the Spring 2023 term but is being examined for future

Conference Session

Computer Education Innovations

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Cochrane, University of Canterbury

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

technical material. To tackle this problem and improve presentation skills, aprogram called Virtual-i Presenter (ViP) was created. ViP allows students to create, review, andevaluate oral presentations using a webcam and a PowerPoint presentation outside of lecturetime and still receive peer and academic feedback. The program has NO video or audio editingcapabilities and thus the presentation becomes closer to how live presentations are given. ViPfeatures a system to evaluate presentations, enabling the presenter to receive both technical andpresentation skills feedback from peers and lecturers. ViP was successfully tested in classes of19 natural resources and 78 civil engineering students. Survey results showed that studentsrepeated (practiced

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Curricula and Pathways

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Pool, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Rohit Bhargava, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; P. Scott Carney, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Dipanjan Pan, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Andrew Michael Smith, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, which are presented withoutconnecting the use of concepts to real-world problems. Currently, less than half of the threemillion students entering higher education to pursue a STEM field persist to earn a STEMdegree3. The drop-out rate from STEM is even more prominent in minorities and women4;however, participating in undergraduate research and developing a strong peer network has beenshown to increase persistence5,6,7,8,9. While we seek to engage students in research experiences toencourage persistence, in the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign’s (UIUC)Bioengineering Department attrition is not a major problem, but by engaging students in focusedresearch experiences we seek to increase persistence in scientific research after graduation

Conference Session

Factors Influencing Curriculum Development: International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Johnny Crayd Woods Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Maia Greene-Havas, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Abram Diaz-Strandberg, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Sophia Vicente, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

. just communicate, just um, have a little bit problem.”Making Experiences of interactions and “In engineering especially, it is soFriends relationships with U.S students. hard to get close with people because you start talking to them and the subject just does not get any deeper.”Working in Academic experiences in “I was in high school we write ourTeams collaborating with U.S. peers in group paper by our own, and when I go here projects

Conference Session

The Teacher as Manager: Best Practices for Culminating Design Experiences

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tonya Lynn Nilsson P.E., Santa Clara University; Kevin D. Hall, University of Arkansas; Ronald W. Welch, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

26% Other“it depends on the project” and“course director, faculty and Figure 10: Primary advisor or mentor of studentsindustry mentor”. Figure 10shows the complete breakdown of responses. Page 25.967.8Course Content and AssessmentEighty-five departments are using the major design experience as an opportunity to teach a widevariety of topics, including the ‘soft skills’ required by ABET. Over 80 percent of the 85departments report teaching project management, teaming skills, oral communication, andtechnical writing or written communication. It should be noted, however, that one schoolreported

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention, and First-year Programs in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wilczynski, University of Southern California; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Michael Crowley, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

useful experience for learning what it’s like to work in a team. Completing the project, seeing it work, and seeing everyone’s part come together, was actually quite satisfying, and I very much enjoyed the moment where I realized I was proud of what we’d finished.” However, not all the comments were positive. Some students felt they were overworked; some mentioned they didn’t like the peer pressure; one thought the C3/C4 linkage was not consistent with the “university stand-alone class” organization.• Was the management experience worthwhile? Managers write reports on their experience. They detail meeting behavior, how effective their teams were in meeting deadlines, as well as documenting problems and how problem students were