Collection

2008 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Dean M. Aslam; Zongliang Cao; Cyrous Rostamzadeh

include the development of activecollaborations with education researchers for the formal conduction of education research which will be reported infuture publication.Acknowledgement This work was partly supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundationunder Award Number EEC-9986866.REFERENCES[1] Lipman, M. (1991). Thinking in education.New York: Cambridge University Press.[2] CTGV. (1992). The jasper series as an example of anchored instruction: Theory, program description, and assessment data. Educational Psychologist, 27(3), 291-315.[3] Krajcik, J. S., Blumenfeld, P. C., Marx, R. W., Bass, K. M., Fredricks, J., & Soloway, E. (1998). Inquiry in project-based science classrooms: Initial

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Kasprzak, Milliken Research Associates; Kevin Hulme, University at Buffalo - SUNY; Deborah Moore-Russo, Suny - Buffalo; Kenneth English, University at Buffalo - SUNY; Kemper Lewis, University at Buffalo - SUNY

situations using inquiry, project-based instruction, andincrease opportunities for student collaboration and communication. This paper describes theinnovative use of a motion simulation-based framework to provide active student participation inauthentic engineering experiences for learning about dynamic systems. The project’s theoreticalunderpinnings are based on situated learning where new educational material is presented in anauthentic context, and social interaction and collaboration are required for learning to occur.Through a learner-centered approach, students use physical simulation and large-scalevisualization to discover the impact that design decisions have on a dynamic system, whilegaining hands-on experience in configuring and operating

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 2

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Jessica Yellin, University of Washington; Yi-Min Huang, University of Washington; Brook Sattler, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

they were learning in class to actual engineering design problems.Often, he created design projects from his current research to better engage his students in theclassroom. He described “this obvious case study that people were familiar with would also giveit a little bit more immediacy.” As a result, the students were getting hands on experience withintheir individual group projects, Nathan “felt like it was a much more gratifying experience” forhim as the instructor. Furthermore, the students presented their project findings to otherresearchers (from industry, government and non-profit organizations) who were interested in thefindings. This strategy also created a much more authentic experience for Nathan’s students.In Fay’s case, she

Conference Session

Innovative K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelly Hutchinson, Purdue University; Lynn Bryan, Purdue University; George Bodner, Purdue University; Nicholas Giordano, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

last twodecades.9 On the other hand, the NSB projects indicate that there will be a 26% rise in scienceand engineering occupations from 2002-2012.9 Interest and achievement in K-12 science isvitally important to the engineering field as the students that most often pursue engineering as acareer are those students with strong abilities and interest in science and mathematics.Nanoscale science and engineering (NSE), with its cutting edge research and innovation has thepotential to pique the interest of students whose interest and desire to study science and/ orengineering might otherwise wane.The purpose of this study is to examine secondary (grades 7-12) students’ interests in nanoscalescience and engineering. Because of its inherent

Conference Session

Technical Capacity Bldg for Developing Countries & Service Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vinay Kumar Domal, University of Western AustraliaUWA; James Trevelyan, University of Western Australia

Tagged Divisions

International

confidently challenge the assumption that engineering education can beindependent of context because the technical content is universal, we need further research tounderstand how to set new objectives.Engineering Practice ResearchRecently published research has provided a foundation for this study based on 70 extensiveinterviews and field observations of engineers in several countries30-32. The frameworkconsists of 85 different aspects of engineering practice grouped as follows: 1. Managing self and personal career development 2. Coordination, working with other people 3. Engineering processes, project and operations management 4. Financial processes 5. Procurement, buying products or services 6. Human resource development, training

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Niewoehner, U.S. Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

, professional Page 13.917.15ethics would no longer describe the avoidance of evil, but the pursuit of the noble,excellent and good. We should explore beauty as an ethical duty, and virtue as the pursuitof beauty in our products and the effect they have on people. Hence, we might then notonly proscribe the unsafe and environmentally reckless, but also disdain the tawdry, dirty,ugly, or maliciously destructive. If Christians going into our fields were imbued with thissense of an engineer’s calling, it might shape their career choices and projects to whichthey devote their lives. If Christian scholars sought to further develop this understandingof

Conference Session

Creative Engagement and Developmental Tutoring Method

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Walden, University of Oklahoma; Cindy Foor, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Society and the American Society for Engineering Education.Cindy Foor, University of Oklahoma Assistant Director/Research Associate at the Research Institute for STEM Education (RISE) at the University of Oklahoma. Cindy received her M.A. in Anthropology from Western Michigan University. As an anthropologist, her research interests include ethnography of marginalized populations, cultural theory, issues of gender and underrepresented populations in STEM education and the cultural/historical construction of women’s cultural identities and roles in past and present societies, with special focus on emerging nationalist projects

Conference Session

Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in Manufacturing Education 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline Isaacs, Northeastern University; Jay Laird, Metaversal Studios; Seth Sivak, Carnegie Mellon University; Mark Sivak, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

achieve the highest profit and to achieve thelowest environmental detriment. A new interdisciplinary project funded by NSF has extendedthe development of the board game to create and assess a networked computer game.The game is played using stakeholders in the manufacturing supply chain in the automotiveindustry. In its current non-networked version, six students create a team of three suppliers:materials, parts, and cars. Within this team, two students take on roles for each of the threecompanies in the supply chain. During each round in the game, each company within the supplychain takes its turn to invest and select among different technologies in three areas for eachcompany: production, storage and waste disposal. There are tradeoffs in

Conference Session

Philosophy of Engineering Education: Epistemology and Ethics

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College-Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

in elementary education there should be no attempt to help precision orgeneralisation. Those who inspired the philosophy for young children movement have shownyoung children are quite capable of precision and generalisation54 but in their own terms a viewthat is supported by the work of Bruner. Furthermore as Crynes argued at an FIE conferenceengineering educators have as much to learn from elementary education as engineeringeducators have to give to it.55Applied to Whitehead’s theory the project method that has long been employed in primaryschools is relevant to the stage of generalisation in university education just as it is to first yearuniversity courses where in some programmes design rather than engineering science is theirchief

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joye Jepson, Antioch University; Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

AC 2008-1061: GENERAL TRENDS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION SUPPORTTHE PARTICIPATION OF WOMENJoye Jepson, Antioch University At the time this paper was written, Letha Joye Jepson was a student in Antioch University's Ph.D. Program in Leadership and Change. The research reported herein contributed to one of two required Individualized Learning Area projects. Joye is a computer engineer with The Boeing Company.Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering Norman Fortenberry is the founding director of the Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education (CASEE) at the National Academy of Engineering. CASEE is a collaborative effort dedicated to achieving excellence in

Conference Session

The Use of Computers in Teaching Mathematics

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna Carpenter, Louisiana Tech University; Brian Camp, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

into their course in avariety of ways. The calculus course coordinators generally cfxkug"vjcv"c"uvwfgpvÓu"YgDYqtM"grade count for no more than 10% of their overall course grade. In addition to WeBWorK, someof the calculus courses also utilize a web-based tutorial system called ALEKS, and somerctvkekrcvg"kp"vjg"wpkxgtukv{Óu"Uwrrngogptal Instruction Program.OpportunitiesTwo of the primary goals of this project were: 1) to increase student mastery of course content,and 2) to increase individual student accountability on out-of-class assignments. Whenhomework problems are assigned out of the textbook, students usually attempt each problemonce or twice. They will often spend more time on those problems which have an answer printedat the back of the

Conference Session

International CIase Studies: Collabs, Exchanges & Interactions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Borrelli, McMaster University; Susan Masten, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

International

Canadian Federation ofEngineering Students (CFES) each year. It was the Innovative Design category of thiscompetition that allowed a group of McMaster students to showcase their 4th year productdesign class project called the “CPR Glove”. The students received the second place award atthe 2007 CEC and now have started a business venture and are currently testing the prototype forwide-scale manufacturing. In May and November 2007 respectively, Popular Science9 andTIME Magazine10 selected the glove as one of the best inventions of the year. In both cases, itwas the only Canadian invention. Fourth-year electrical and biomedical engineering students Corey Centen and Nilesh Patel developed the CPR Glove, which measures the frequency and depth of

Conference Session

Sustainability and Environmental Issues

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Rosentrater, USDA-ARS; Elif Kongar, University of Bridgeport

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

described whole degreeprograms30; have explained various projects and experiences for students31, 32, 33, 34; and havediscussed educational modules35. All of these are very informative, and the reader is referred tothem for more information. Even though these articles do provide much insight, there is stillconsiderable room for innovative methods for achieving the aim of curriculum enhancement.Our goal was not to repeat these studies, but rather to provide a unique perspective on threetopics which, even though they may sound simple, can have profound implications for industrialpractice (across all engineering disciplines), and these concepts can readily be infused intoexisting curricula without adding substantial burdens to instructors.Essential

Conference Session

Student Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elif Kongar, University of Bridgeport; Mahesh Baral, University of Bridgeport; Tarek Sobh, University of Bridgeport

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Mr. Baral has worked as a Software Engineer at Personal Broadband Nepal Pvt Ltd., Nepal for one year between 2005 and 2006 where he designed and developed database software projects. His area of expertise and interests include .NET-MsSQL and PHP-MySQL. Mr. Baral has co-authored and presented various technical papers at several international conferences. He received the “Honorable Mention” award for his project entitled ‘Variation Analysis and Quality Control Chart Development for “Determination of Specific Heat of a Metal” Experiment’ at the ASEE Conference, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, in April 2007.Tarek Sobh, University of Bridgeport Tarek M. Sobh received the

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for International Practice

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Stanton, United States Military Academy; Eugene Ressler, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

International

.pdf4. Citris, “A Scalable Enabling IT Infrastructure for Developing Regions (ICT4B)”, NSF ITR Proposal: ICT4B,http://www.citris-uc.org/research/projects/.5. A. Ghani, “Kabul University Proposed IT Enabled Infrastructure,” Concept Paper, June 2005.6. Hall, Robert E., Jones, Charles, I. “Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker thanOthers?” March 11, 1998.7. J. Hebenstreit, “Computers in Education in Developing Countries.” 19848. R. Jones. “Engineering Capacity Building in Developing Countries,” American Society for EngineeringEducation, 2007.9. L. Osin, “Computers in Education in Developing Countries: Why and How”10. M. Potashnik, D, Adkins, “Cost Analysis of Information Technology Projects in Education: Experiences

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University-Great Valley; Danielle DeCristoforo, Lockheed-Martin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

-course graduate module focused on problem solving leadership and is currently investigating the impact of cognitive style on invention and design.Danielle DeCristoforo, Lockheed-Martin Danielle DeCristoforo is a Proposal Manager at Lockheed Martin TSS (Transportation & Security Solutions) on the MTA (Metropolitan Transportation Authority) Program in New York City. Prior to this position, Danielle worked as a Systems Engineer at LMTSS (since 2002), where she was also a member of the Engineering Leadership Development Program (ELDP) and acted as Deputy Program Manager for a final group project. Danielle received her Master's degree in Systems Engineering from the Great Valley School

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rose Marra, University of Missouri; Demei Shen, University of Missouri; David Jonassen, University of Missouri; Jenny Lo, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Vinod Lohani, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

AC 2008-150: FOSTERING ENGINEERING ETHICS PROBLEM SOLVINGTHROUGH COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY HYPERTEXT: AN APPLICATION OFMULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES, MAKING CONNECTIONS AND CRISSCROSSINGRose Marra, University of Missouri ROSE M. MARRA is an Associate Professor in the School of Information Science and Learning Technologies at the University of Missouri. She is PI of the NSF-funded Assessing Women and Men in Engineering (AWE) and Assessing Women In Student Environments (AWISE) projects. Her research interests include gender equity issues, the epistemological development of college students, and promoting meaningful learning in web-based environments.Demei Shen, University of Missouri DEMEI SHEN is a doctoral

Conference Session

Best of the NEE

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering; Tylisha Baber, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

other supporting resources). ‚ Materials that illustrate course content. (e.g., assignments, projects, exams, presentations). ‚ Materials that assess student performance and learning outcomes (e.g., samples of student work, student evaluations, student interviews).A fourth category can be related to the efforts to improve teaching: ‚ Materials that illustrate contributions to curriculum development. (e.g., workshops, seminars, courses, publications, description of teaching innovations, teaching awards). Page 13.577.7C. Who Should Evaluate?An important consideration in selecting a

Collection

2008 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Dominic M. Halsmer

. Competitive – Can it successfully compete in the marketplace of ideas?4Scientists and engineers typically have a very high regard for truth because they daily experiencethe value, indeed the profitability, of having an accurate representation of physical reality.However, they also understand that their representations are probably not perfect. Engineers areespecially in-tune to the idea that full and complete knowledge of all aspects of a project neednot be attained before decisions are made to finalize a “good-enough” design and get the product“out the door”. Samples confirms this same idea with regard to worldview decisions when hewrites, “No worldview is perfect in explaining reality. Instead, a worldview functions much likea scientific model in

Conference Session

Faculty Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Mativo, The University of Georgia; Maura Borrego, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

solving physical problems.K-12 members’ perceptions seem to hinge on building an understanding and appreciation ofwhat engineering is and how it impacts society, and of preparing and motivating students tobecome engineers. Open-ended responses provided phrases like integrating STEM intoactivities, projects, presentations, scoring rubrics, and assessment shared across the members. Abroader view included educating both students and the general public on the importance of,process of and implementation of engineering in the world today. K-12 members also viewedengineering education as a research field of teaching and learning. Members of this group wereopen to the PhD in traditional engineering with interest in teaching or a PhD in education

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Samples, University of Pittsburgh -Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

we are nowconcerned about the faculty’s currency in the discipline. So, researchers have to teach andteachers have to research – but we already knew that. There must be something else to thismodel idea.Before discussing the model further it is important to set the maximum and minimum parameterson the two functions of interest – teaching and scholarship. There is a difference betweenresearch and scholarship as research actually begets scholarship. Unfortunately, we haveclassified institutions of higher education by teaching and research, where scholarship is thedeliverable of a research project. Similarly, we have divided the primary parameter, teaching,along the same lines. It is not unusual for a faculty member at a “teaching” college to

Conference Session

Information Technologies Classroom Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Akram Al-Rawi, KFU; Azzedine Lansari, Zayed University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

, Deluxe ed., Wiley publishing,2006 http://www.cybex.comNote about the Textbook and ReferenceThe reference book may help the student pass the Security+ certification exam, however it is notwritten as a textbook. Students are encouraged to read both books simultaneously.Grading PolicyIn order to complete the course successfully, student must pass the Security+ certification exam(85% or better). The course grade components are calculated as follows: 1. Thirteen Chapter Quizzes (40%) 2. Lab Projects (20%) 3. CompTIA Security+ exam (40%)ConclusionsRevising the Information Technology curriculum and keeping it current to meet the demands ofthe IT market remains a challenging experience. Although passing a vendor specific certificationexam is

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

eqnngciwg"igvu"etgfkv."cv"ngcuv"kp"vjg"uwrgtxkuqtÓu"jgcf0" C. Fwtkpi"vjg"oggvkpi"ykvj"Ðvjg"dki"dquu.Ñ"kpadvertently let it slip that the colleague did not get the credit they deserved on a recent project. D. Inform the colleague as to what took place and let them take whatever action they desire.With a clear understanding of plagiarism and academic integrity, the studentsnevertheless did not feel compelled to call the supervisor to account. Rather, they fairlyconsistently thought the best course of action was to inform the injured party and allowthem to push for credit where credit was due. One comment suggested though thatfkujqpguv{"qh"vjku"pcvwtg"ycu"c"ÐecpegtÑ"vjcv"eqwnf"swkemn{"rgtogcvg"c"yqtmrnceg="vjg"colleague

Conference Session

Institutional and Curricular Reform

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Goldberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Andreas Cangellaris, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Michael Loui, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Raymond Price, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Bruce Litchfield, Univ Of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. (2008). Engineering for a changing world (Technical Report). Millennium Project, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 8. Grayson, L. P. (1993). The making of an engineer: An illustrated history of engineering education in the United States and Canada. New York: Wiley. 9. Goldberg, D. E. (1996). Change in engineering education: One myth, two scenarios, and three foci. Journal of Engineering Education, 85(2), 107–116. 10. Friedman, T. (2005). The world is flat: A brief history of the 21st century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 11. Pink, D. (2005). A whole new mind: Moving from the information age to the conceptual age. New York: Riverhead Books. 12. Florida, R. (2002). The

Conference Session

Approaches to Active Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Linsey, Texas A&M University; Austin Talley, University of Texas at Austin; Kristin Wood, University of Texas at Austin; Daniel Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy; Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Review of the Research,” Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 93, No. 3, 2004, pp. 223-231.[2] Carlson, L.E., “First Year Engineering Projects: An Interdisciplinary, Hands-on Introduction to Engineering,” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, pp. 2039-2043, 1995.[3] Aglan, H.A. and Ali, S.F., “Hands-on Experiences: An Integral Part of Engineering Curriculum Reform,” Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 327-330, Oct., 1996.[4] Regan, M. and Sheppard, S., “Interactive Multimedia Courseware and the Hands-on Learning Experience: An Assessment,” Journal of Engineering Education, pp. 123-131, April, 1996.[5] Catalano, G.D. and Tonso, K.L., “The Sunrayce ‘95 Idea: Adding Hands-on Design to an

Conference Session

Money and People; Resource Management for Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Lasich, Colorado School of Mines; Candace Sulzbach, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

presenter in the areas of leadership, communication, professional development, and gender issues.Candace Sulzbach, Colorado School of Mines Candace Sulzbach, Colorado School of Mines Candace Sulzbach earned her B.S. degree in Mineral Engineering (civil specialty) at Colorado School of Mines (CSM) in 1981. She worked as a Project Engineer for Exxon Co., USA until 1983 when she returned to Mines to teach in the Division of Engineering where she is currently a Lecturer. Candace is a Center for Engineering Education faculty representative, serves on the CSM Alumni Association Board of Directors, and is the Faculty Advisor for the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Tau Beta Pi, and the

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for International Practice

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilka Balk, University of Kentucky; G. Lineberry, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

International

population 25 years and older, according to Census Bureau estimates for 2006.2In 2007, the College conferred 337 undergraduate degrees.3 Engineering suffers from very highattrition rates, and ranks second highest among the sixteen colleges at the University. Only 31percent of students who start in engineering obtain an engineering degree within six years.4There are many reasons for the high attrition rate in engineering, such as: (1) a more stringentcurriculum that requires a solid basis in sciences and math; (2) lack of spare time for Page 13.628.2extracurricular and social activities, (3) lack of hands-on engineering projects in students’ firstyear

Conference Session

Professional Practice and AEC Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gouranga Banik, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

Frequently Comment Category Needs more hands on or practical training Same (11) (14)Q.3 Do graduates feel they were well-equipped for the workplace by their education?This final question is answered by the results from Fig. 2, which represents graduates' estimationof their achievement of essential skills and the effectiveness of university teaching to achievethose skills. These include an ability to work effectively in diverse teams and projects, an abilityto lead others effectively, creativity adaptability & flexibility and an ability to exerciseprofessional judgment.All these abilities are likely to be developed over a period of time through practical experienceand recent graduates therefore do

Conference Session

Software Engineering Course Content

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Sebern, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Henry Welch, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

university like MSOE, which has a primary focus on undergraduate education and industrytechnology transfer and thus does not have a population of full-time graduate students to supportresearch projects, it is difficult to acquire or develop faculty expertise in an area like formalmethods. While much information and many other resources are available, there is still a Page 13.619.9significant gap between the research centers and the faculty members who are trying to make Proceedings of the 2008 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2008, American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Teams

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ralph Ocon, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

styles, etc. • Identify a time frame for completing the in-class assignment or project • Have the team identify a team advocate who will introduce the team members and present the teams ideas/solutions to the class • Set aside time to allow the rest of the class to discuss the team ideas presented • Evaluate the effectiveness of each team • With each assignment consider alternating the membership of each teamThe author uses creative problem solving teams at different phases of the creative process and tosolve specific organizational/industrial problems.Using Creative Teams at Different Stages of the Creative ProcessUsing teams to teach creative thinking can be used at different stages of the creative problemsolving