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Displaying results 1381 - 1410 of 17518 in total
Conference Session
NSF Grantees' Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brian J Skromme, Arizona State University; Qiao Wang, Arizona State University; Paul Rayes, Arizona State University; John M Quick, Arizona State University; Robert Kenneth Atkinson, Arizona State University; Tim Frank, South Mountain Community College
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
with a joint appointment in the School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering in the Ira A. Schools of Engineering and the Division of Educational Leadership and Innovation in the Mary Lou Fulton Teacher’s College.Dr. Tim Frank, South Mountain Community College Page 23.1146.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Teaching Linear Circuit Analysis Techniques with ComputersAbstractWe describe recent progress in the development of a step-based computer-based tutoring systemto aid in the teaching of introductory linear circuit analysis courses, and
Collection
2011 Northeast Section Meeting
Authors
Cristian Craciun
Teaching Automation Using Real PLC’S and Virtual Factories Faculty Paper Innovations In Engineering & Engineering Technology Education and Curriculum Development Cristian Craciun, Instructor and Lab Engineer of Engineering Laboratories Fairfield University Fairfield, Connecticut1. Abstract It is a need to teach students in Engineering by showing the machines and tools used in industry, this can be accomplished by buying equipments and putting them in the labs, through field trips or creating virtual factories. The
Collection
ASEE Zone 1 Conference - Spring 2023
Authors
Martin Nieto-Perez, Pennsylvania State University
Paper ID #40566Pedagogical aspects of teaching nuclear fusion engineering basicsProf. Martin Nieto-Perez, Pennsylvania State University Martin Nieto-Perez got his bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from the Universidad Aut´onoma Metropolitana in 1997. He obtained a Fulbright Scholarship for postgraduate studies for the 1998-2000 period, which enabled him to get his Master’s (2001) and Docotral (2004) degrees in Nuclear Engineer- ing, both from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. He was a postdoctoral associate at the Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory from 2004 to 2006. From 2008 to 2021
Conference Session
Practical Teaching in Manufacturing
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Matthew Wettergreen, Rice University; Timothy J. Hinds, Michigan State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
]. Simplylecturing about these steps is insufficient to give students the experience necessary to effectivelyiterate in teams. Failure is one of the main reasons for iteration, but is difficult to teach about.The ability to identify and assess failures or other reasons for iteration can only be properlylearned through hands-on experience. Previous studies have highlighted the ability to teach suchconcepts using hands-on activities such as model building and laboratory exercises. Lemons etal. showed that model building helped students generate ideas, make ties between concept andphysical object, and finally make the students more away of their process-based strategies [6].Mackenchnie and Buchanan have employed hands-on activities in a laboratory class using
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Ann Beheler; Wayne Jones
Session 1526 Using Case Studies to Teach Engineering Technology Ann Beheler, Wayne A. Jones Division of Engineering Technology Collin County Community College District 9700 Wade Boulevard, Frisco, TX 75035AbstractEmployers have often communicated to the educational community the need for graduatesentering the workforce who have a thorough understanding of how to integrate technologies andsolve real-world problems. Critical thinking and problem solving skills are required essentialsand are not optional. Currently, the
Collection
2021 First-Year Engineering Experience
Authors
Tracy Anne Hammond, Texas A&M University; Shawna Thomas, Texas A&M University; Charles Patrick Jr, Texas A&M University; Pauline Wade, Texas A&M University; Donna Jaison, Texas A&M University; Janie M Moore, Texas A&M University; Lance Leon Allen White, Texas A&M University; Randy Hugh Brooks, Texas A&M University; Samantha Ray, Texas A&M University; Karen E Rambo-Hernandez, Texas A&M University; Karan Watson P.E., Texas A&M University
Paper ID #35518Creating a Supportive Space for Teaching-Focused Faculty to Write Abouttheir TeachingDr. Tracy Anne Hammond PhD, Texas A&M University Dr. Hammond is Director of the Texas A&M University Institute for Engineering Education & Innovation and also the chair of the Engineering Education Faculty. She is also Director of the Sketch Recognition Lab and Professor in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering. She is a member of the Center for Population and Aging, the Center for Remote Health Technologies & Systems as well as the Institute for Data Science. Hammond is a PI for over 13
Conference Session
Technical Session: Student Experience & Perspectives
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dylan Christenson, Texas Tech University; Daniel Baldwin; Maeghan Marie Brundrett, Texas Tech University; Paula Ann Monaco, Texas Tech University; Kevin A. Nguyen, Texas Tech University; Audra N. Morse, Texas Tech University
Tagged Divisions
Student
waterresources engineering curriculum. Both laboratory and lecture courses were assessed withstudents of varying grade levels. Better understanding of student and teaching assistantexpectations can provide valuable insight towards the design of graduate teaching assistanttraining and support programs to help foster a more beneficial and positive experience for boththe teaching assistants and their students.IntroductionIn addition to their coursework and research responsibilities many graduate students are giventhe role of teaching assistant (TA). Although the exact responsibilities of the TA role can varywidely across departments and courses, instruction of students via large lectures, small groups, orlaboratory settings is an included facet of the role
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Patricia M. Yaeger; Rose M. Marra; Francesco Costanzo; Gary L. Gray
. Ms.Yaeger has a M. Ed. degree in Evaluation Research and a B.S. in Quantitative Methods from the University of Illi-nois at Chicago.ROSE M. MARRARose Marra completed her Ph.D. in Instructional Technology at the University of Colorado at Denver in 1996. Priorto coming to Penn State, Dr. Marra worked as a software engineer for Bell Laboratories in Denver, CO. In her cur-rent role as the Director of Engineering Instructional Services and Assistant Professor of Engineering, Dr. Marraserves as the college’s "educational consultant", running faculty and TA workshops on teaching, introducing effec-tive uses of technology into the classroom, and assessing the impact of educational change. In 1998, Dr. Marra waspart of a faculty team awarded the Boeing
Conference Session
Instructional and Learning Assessment in Chemical Engineering
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David L. Silverstein P.E., University of Kentucky; Margot A Vigeant, Bucknell University; Mary Staehle, Rowan University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
survey characterized the current offerings of processcontrol as marked by transition. Both Laplace and time domain approaches are being utilized,computing tools and modern pedagogies are changing teaching approaches, and increasingenrollments are challenging the incorporation of physical laboratory exercises. Even with thecommonalities the course shares across implementations, like many chemical engineeringcourses there remains a wide range of approaches to teaching the course and a diverse selectionof topics taught.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank all of the instructors who completed this survey; the departmentchairs who forwarded the request; Frances Petrozelli who collected online information aboutcourse instructors of record
Collection
Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference
Authors
Kevin A. Waters P.E., Villanova University; Virginia Smith, Villanova University
world. Here we describe a course that creates a platformfor using software as an innovative teaching strategy to facilitate active learning andcollaborative innovation, highlighting real-world connectivity between the classroom,workplace, laboratory, and the infrastructure systems that engineers seek to analyze and design.This course addresses challenges in linking the classroom and real-world application byengaging with students through innovative teaching activities that foster understanding,application, and creativity while also providing a safe environment for mistakes and opendiscussion.This course leverages projects for transfer of knowledge. Previous studies have shown thebenefits of project-based courses to CEE education; helping to
Conference Session
Makerspaces
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Avneet Hira, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Chanel Beebe, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kayla R. Maxey, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Morgan M. Hynes, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education
Paper ID #23657”But, What Do You Want Me to Teach?”: Best Practices for Teaching in Ed-ucational Makerspaces (RTP)Miss Avneet Hira, Purdue University, West Lafayette Avneet is a doctoral student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. Her research interests include K-12 education and first year engineering in the light of the engineering design process, and inclusion of digital fabrication labs into classrooms. Her current work at the FACE lab is on the use of classroom Makerspaces for an interest-based framework of engineering design. She is also interested in cross-cultural work in engineering
Conference Session
Teaching Styles and Peer Review
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Malgorzata Zywno
Page 8.500.13 Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2003, American Society for Engineering Education New Information Technology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, (1993).20. Reed, P.A., Learning Style and Laboratory Preference: A Study of Middle School Technology Education Teachers in Virginia, Journal of Technology Education [online], Vol. 13 (1), (2001). Online at: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n1/reed.html.21. Fuller, D., Norby, R.F. & Pearce, K, Internet Teaching by Style: Profiling the On-line Professor, Educational Technology and Society [online], Vol. 3 (2), (2000). At: http://ifets.ieee.org/periodical
Conference Session
Technological Literacy and Technological Policy
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Boz Bowles, Louisiana State University; Paige Davis, Louisiana State University; Warren N. Waggenspack Jr., Louisiana State University; Barbara A. Heifferon, Louisiana State University
Tagged Divisions
Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering
AC 2012-3428: USING TECHNOLOGY TO TEACH COMMUNICATIONSAND COMMUNICATIONS TO TEACH TECHNOLOGY IN A STUDY-ABROADLEARNING ENVIRONMENTMr. David Bowles, Louisiana State University David (Boz) Bowles is a Technical Communication Instructor in the Engineering Communication Studio at Louisiana State University. He earned a bachelor’s degree in English and a master’s of fine arts in creative writing from Virginia Commonwealth University.Paige Davis, Louisiana State University Paige Davis has 22 years of experience in the College of Engineering at Louisiana State University. For the past two years, she has directed a study abroad program specifically designed for engineering students. In addition to teaching, she assists with
Conference Session
Perspectives on Engineering Education During COVID-19
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Ahmed Dallal, University of Pittsburgh; Mohamed A. S. Zaghloul, University of Pittsburgh; Amr Hassan, University of Pittsburgh
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
received his B.E. degree in Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering in 2009, and his M.Sc. degree in Engineering Physics in 2012, both from the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University. In 2019, he received a Ph.D. from the Electrical and Computer Engineering department of the University of Pittsburgh, in developing optical fiber sensors for monitoring harsh environments. Since 2019, he has been appointed as an Assistant Professor in the same department of the same school. Zaghloul is a recipient of multiple research and teaching awards, and since 2016 he has been appointed to the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) administered through Oak Ridge Institute
Collection
2021 ASEE Pacific Southwest Conference - "Pushing Past Pandemic Pedagogy: Learning from Disruption"
Authors
Shamim Mirza, California State University at Long Beach
students to get proper education. E-learning can be achieved in three modes: (1) virtual face-to-face, i.e., synchronous, (2) lecturesare recorded and uploaded for the students, i.e., asynchronous, and (3) hybrid which combinesboth face-to-face and synchronous/asynchronous learning. However, teaching an engineeringlaboratory class is not suitable in the first two modes as laboratory classes are designed to givehands-on experience to the students. Hybrid method which includes hands-on experimentalcomponent is more appropriate for the lab classes. However, due to the pandemic, only fewstudents could participate during the face-to-face session while others observed the experiment inthe virtual classroom. Therefore, this added difficulty for majority
Conference Session
Mechanics Division Technical Session 5
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Sonya Dick, California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo; Jay Tyler Davis II, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Bradley Wash, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
Paper ID #25896Teaching Mechanics Concepts Using a Motion Analysis SystemDr. Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Brian Self obtained his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Mechanics from Virginia Tech, and his Ph.D. in Bioengineering from the University of Utah. He worked in the Air Force Research Laboratories before teaching at the U.S. Air Force Academy for seven years. Brian has taught in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo since 2006. During the 2011-2012 academic year he participated in a professor exchange, teaching at the Munich University of
Conference Session
Innovation and Measuring Success in Graduate Education
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert Brooks, Temple University; Tony Singh, Temple University; Hossein Rostami, Philadelphia University; Fernando Tovia, Philadelphia University; Amithraj Amavasai, Temple University
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
AC 2010-264: INNOVATIVE TRAINING STRATEGY (ITS) FOR TEACHINGASSISTANTSRobert Brooks, Temple UniversityTony Singh, Temple UniversityHossein Rostami, Philadelphia UniversityFernando Tovia, Philadelphia UniversityAmithraj Amavasai, Temple University Page 15.744.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Innovative Training Strategy (ITS) For TAsAbstractThe Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Temple University offers anEnvironment Course to approximately 400 students (20 sections) every semester. An experimentwas carried out during Fall 2007. During that semester, a control group of 8 teaching assistants(TAs) were given a manual on the 3
Conference Session
Issues in Mechanical Engineering Technology II
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jorge Rodriguez P.E., Western Michigan University; Alamgir A. Choudhury P.E., Western Michigan University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
-2770.6. Choudhury, A. and Rodriguez, J., 2017, A New Curriculum in Fluid mechanics for theMillenial Generation, IEEE-RITA, vol. 12, No.1.7. Flexible Process Control Laboratory Kits: Teaching Process Control Synthesis, NSFGrant# 0127231, http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=01272318. Kolb, D., 1984, Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning andDevelopment, Prentice-Hall.9. Moor, S. and Piergiovanni, P., 2003, Experiments in the Classroom: Examples of InductiveLearning with Classroom-Friendly Laboratory Kits, ASEE Annual Conference Proceeding.10. Hands on the Human Body, NSF Grant# 0088437,http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=008843711. https://www.hydraulicspneumatics.com/waste-management
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yongpeng Zhang, Prairie View A&M University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
. His research interests include control system, mechatronics, motor drive, power electronics, and real-time embedded system design. As the Principal Investigator, his research has received significant sponsorship from Army Research Office, NSF, ED, and industry. Page 26.1467.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Teaching and Research Initiatives in Power Engineering TechnologyAbstract The existing centralized, producer controlled generation, and uni-directional transmissionand distribution network has been gradually shifting to distributed generation with
Conference Session
MIND Education Trends
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Fred Hudson, University of Texas-San Antonio; Dawnlee Roberson, University of Texas-San Antonio
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
2006-2482: BIOMECHANICS AS A TOOL FOR TEACHING MINORITYSTUDENTSDawnlee Roberson, University of Texas-San Antonio Dr Roberson is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. She received a Bachelors in Biology and a Masters in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at San Antonio, and her PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin.Fred Hudson, University of Texas-San Antonio Page 11.276.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Biomechanics as a tool for teaching minority students
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alan Kalish, Ohio State University; David Tomasko, Ohio State University; Jerry Masty, Ohio State University; Steve Acker, Ohio State University; Sally Rudmann, Ohio State University; Jennifer Forbush, Ohio State University
Page 11.525.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Electronic Course Portfolios for Peer-Evaluation of TeachingIntroductionAn increasingly common requirement for promotion and tenure at Colleges and Universities issome type of peer-evaluation of teaching.1-4 This paper will discuss efforts by aninterdisciplinary group of university faculty to develop a mechanism for authentic, efficient peer-evaluation and assessment through shareable, electronic “course portfolios”. The courseportfolio is a more manageable amount of effort in comparison with a full teaching portfolio asdescribed in the literature.5,6 The system we have explored is easily compatible with theincreasing use of course delivery software such as WebCT and
Conference Session
Innovative Teaching/Learning Strategies
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Mohammoad Saifi; Julie Wang
students involved, we have developed several teachingmethods for student active learning from the lectures of engineering fundamentals courses tohands-on design laboratory courses. The methods include teamwork, class/group discussion, peertutoring/teaching, and problem solving skills. In each activity, students can be a learner or can bea teacher, to lead or to be led. It creates interaction between teacher and students. The hands-onlaboratory courses reinforce the basic concepts that the students have learned from the lectures.To enhance the students’ laboratory experiences, computer-based design software has been usedin the measurement and the design process. The student design projects are interdisciplinary. Theprojects integrate the knowledge
Conference Session
Panel on Entrepreneurship Education
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
Norman Kaderlan; Mary Ann Rankin; John Butler; Steven Nichols
discusses the educational and philosophical approach to development of themulti-disciplinary course (titled "The Enterprise of Technology: From Lab to Market")as well as considerations in the implementation of the course. Page 7.1073.1 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2002, American Society for Engineering Education1. Introduction. In the wake of the tech market bust … universities remain committed to teaching entrepreneurship, students are advancing novel technological solutions to age-old
Collection
2013 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Yaseen Mahmud; Masud Salimian
Digital Media Enhances Manufacturing Processes Teaching and Learning Mr. Yaseen Mahmud, Dr. Masud Salimian Yaseen.mahmud@morgan.edu Masud.salimian@morgan.edu Morgan State University Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. School of Engineering 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane Baltimore, Maryland 21251 $EVWUDFW The challenge of teaching a population of digital natives in the contemporary brick and mortar campus requires the use of innovative techniques not only to maintain student interest
Conference Session
Energy Education Courses, Labs, and Projects
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gene Yeau-Jian Liao, Wayne State University
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
energy storage laboratory.The motivation of this project is to develop an interactive and computer-controlled test systemfor three different electric energy storage units that serve as a teaching-aid. This paper presents Page 25.1261.2a funded project that develops, designs, and implements an electric energy storage educationallaboratory. The laboratory is capable of demonstrating and displaying the principles,performance characteristics, and applications of electro-chemical batteries, electro-mechanicalflywheel (or flywheel battery) and supercapacitors (or ultracapacitors). The integrated systemis computerized for measurement and control hence
Conference Session
ECE Pedagogy and Assessment II
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aurenice Oliveira, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
enter engineering programs asfreshman do not earn an engineering degree.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the main challenges and to share teaching methodsthat the author has used to encourage active learning and engagement among non-EEmajor students. The author addresses the use of technology for teaching, the use oflecture time effectively, the importance of well designed laboratory experiments, and useof basic simulation tools. Assessments of an introductory electrical engineering coursetaught following the author’s guidelines were performed to evaluate the teachingeffectiveness, and they indicate that the teaching methods have been successful inmeeting their objectives
Conference Session
Developing Teaching and Mentoring Skills
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Hyun Hannah Choi, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Yuting W. Chen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; A. Mattox Beckman Jr., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Lucas Anderson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Blake Everett Johnson, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Matthew D. Goodman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Chris Migotsky, University of Illinois; Nicole Johnson-Glauch
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
Dr. Blake Everett Johnson received his doctorate in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2012. Dr. Johnson now works as a lecturer and lab manager in the De- partment of Mechanical Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois. While remaining interested and active in the field of experimental fluid mechanics, he has chosen to spend most of his professional energy on improving the teaching of thermo/fluids laboratory courses through the development of en- gaging and intellectually-stimulating laboratory exercises, as well as improving introductory mechanics education and design courses in the MechSE department.Dr. Matthew D. Goodman, University of Illinois
Conference Session
DEED Poster Session
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Don Dekker, University of South Florida; Stephen Sundarrao, University of South Florida; Rajiv Dubey, University of South Florida
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
AC 2008-426: IT TAKES TWO TO TEACH CAPSTONE DESIGNDon Dekker, University of South Florida Don Dekker is currently an Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of South Florida. He is currently teaching three of his favorite courses Mechanical Engineering Laboratory I, Internal Combustion Engines, and Capstone Design. Before his retirement in 2001, Don taught at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. He first joined ASEE in 1974 and some of his ASEE activities include Zone II Chairman (86-88), Chairman of DEED (89-90), and General Chair of FIE ‘87. His degrees are: PhD, Stanford University, 1973; MSME, University of New Mexico, 1963; and BSME, Rose Polytechnic Institute
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Sawyers, Ohio Northern University; John-David Yoder, Ohio Northern University
AC 2007-272: TEACHING PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL METHODS ASCONCURRENT COURSESDavid Sawyers, Ohio Northern University DAVID R. SAWYERS, JR. is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Ohio Northern University, where he teaches courses in General Engineering and in the Thermal Sciences. He received a BSME degree from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and the MS and PhD, both in Mechanical Engineering, from The University of Notre Dame.John-David Yoder, Ohio Northern University JOHN-DAVID YODER is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at ONU. His Doctorate is from the University of Notre Dame. Research interests include education, controls, robotics, and information
Conference Session
Architectural Engineering Education I
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Daniel Davis
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: CREATING A MORE EFFECTIVE TEACHING FACILITY Daniel Davis Associate Professor Department of Architecture College of Engineering, Technology, and Architecture University of Hartford Phone: 860.768.4094 / Fax 860.768.5074 ddavis@hartford.eduAbstractUniversity professors are generally creative, inventive, resourceful people. And when it comesto many university facilities, even some newer ones, it is a good thing that professors are asingenious as they are. Professors often