Conference Session

Technical Sessions 3

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Aiman Said Kuzmar, P. E., Islamic University of Madina, Saudi Arabia

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

for thediscussions. Required standard academic qualifications to teach engineering courses will bebriefly stated through a review of current practices at colleges and universities in the US and insome other parts of the world in conjunction with personal observations and interviews madesporadically over the years by the author. As will be shown later, despite proven and numerousreal advantages of such a practice, legitimate concerns and possible fundamental flaws exist aswell.Connection between Mathematics and Science; and Engineering:Engineering is highly intertwined with science and mathematics. The connection betweenengineering with science and mathematics manifests itself in so many ways and at variousdomains [1]. It starts with K-12

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Isaiah Adu, Carnegie Mellon University; Rachel Burcin, Carnegie Mellon University; Micah Nye, Carnegie Mellon University

. Identification of Examples of Positive Change Acknowledgments: References: Incomplete educational landscape data both The RISS Participatory Action Research Team would like to thank our colleagues at Carnegie [1

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Sydney Simpkins, Farmingdale State College; ZsayKaryzmh Harris, Farmingdale State College

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Glenda Giordani, New Paltz State University of New York

. Dev 0.0026 preventing structural damage caused by Hempcrete Block Lime bindera 2A current test for 2h per trial and Table 1. A snapshot of thermal conductivity data after the steady moisture over time. The combinedapply the equation below to calculate (d) Hempcrete block

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Chloe Chan, Villanova University; Brianna Fan, Villanova University; Henry Pei, Villanova University; David Shen, Villanova University; Christopher Song, Villanova University; Chenhao A. Zhao, Villanova University

• Students’ interest in STEM was slightly improved from 3.8 to 4.•At the same time, it was mentioned by the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and ➢ Example questions for ChatGPT on each ODE model • Students generally agreed that ChatGPT is helpful in facilitating their learning Technology that: “there is a need for the United States to produce approximately 1 million ➢ Example questions for ChatGPT on learning basic Python programming college graduates with STEM backgrounds over the next decade in order to retain its historical ➢ Example questions for ChatGPT on implementing ODE models with Python in Google Colab. preeminence in science and technology

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 3

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Rachmadian Wulandana, State University of New York at New Paltz

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

, FEM was designed to solve complexstructural problems that were challenging to address using traditional methods. Over the years,thanks to the growth in computer power, FEM has grown in sophistication, becoming indispensablefor various fields of engineering, from civil to mechanical and even biomedical applications [1].Recent reviews have highlighted the diverse contributions of researchers like Turner, Argyris, andZienkiewicz, marking the development of FEM into a comprehensive tool used across industries forsolving complex engineering problems [2]. In the mechanical engineering industry, FEM is criticalfor optimizing design processes, enhancing efficiency, and improving product safety. Engineers relyon FEM to reduce costs, decrease

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 3

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, SUNY - Farmingdale State College

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

’ Ability to Solve Conceptual Power Series Questions 1 Emre Tokgöz tokgoze@farmingdale.edu State University of New York, Farmingdale, New York, 11779, USAAbstract. Success at university-level calculus and more advanced concepts require extensive timeand effort due to the building blocks of the associated sub-concepts. Critical thinking is an essentialpart of demonstrating calculus knowledge in STEM fields to make a connection between the theoryand practice. Establishing such a connection requires training learner’s mind over time to developa well-established theoretical background. In this work, Conceptual

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 3

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Arzu Susoglu, SUNY Farmingdale

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

, classwork, and assessments.In a traditional college course, students attend lectures, take notes at school, and then completeassignments at home. Educators have been developing active learning strategies to enhance thelearning experience.According to Canavesi and Ravarini (2024), the most effective active learning strategies includewriting, large group discussions, group work, peer assessment, case studies, flipped classroom,quizzes, gamification, game-based learning, business simulations, role-playing, jigsawdiscussions, problem-based learning, project-based learning, site visits, learning by doing, anddebate [1]. Blended learning would be a great addition to this list. In the following sections ofthis paper, a few of these major strategies will

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 2

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Sarath Chandra Kumar Jagupilla P.E., Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Elizabeth O'Connell, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Muhammad R Hajj, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

, possibly due to small sample sizes. Student athletes, on theother hand, had almost the same average GPAs among those who attended events and those whodid not. The data indicates participation in out of classroom engagement activities and studentacademic performances have a strong association. Tracking temporal trends over multiple yearsmay provide valuable information that could aid in supporting increased student success.IntroductionEngagement is defined as a measure of students’ involvement, connection, and commitment toacademic and social activities in school [11]. Research proposes a correlation between studentengagement and retention [1]. Simmons et al. [2] suggested that out-of-class engagement has animpact on students’ development, which

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Graham Werner

higher soluteWater Resources: concentrations. • 29% (2.2 billion) of the world population lacks Diffusiophoresis shows potential to provide a decentralized and low-cost safe drinking water resources [1]. • Microplastics like polystyrene are found water filtration technology to separate micrometer sized colloids such commonly in wastewater effluent [2] and in

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel E. Gehr, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tamara J Moore, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kerrie A Douglas, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

Understanding and Awareness (Work in Progress)Microelectronics and semiconductors have become vital to society due to their prevalence inpersonal, consumer, business, and military technologies. The microelectronics market isestimated to increase by 20% in 2024 [1], yet there continues to be a shortage in the supply chain[2]. Recognizing this need, the US is making a major economic shift from being primarilypurchases of microelectronics and semiconductor components to being manufacturers [3, 4]. Asthe US builds its microelectronics workforce, the number of job opportunities is exponentiallyincreasing. There will be an anticipated 114,800 industry jobs available by 2030 with trainingrequirements ranging from certificates or two-year degrees to PhDs [5

Conference Session

Instructional Showcase

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamara J Moore, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Siddika Selcen Guzey, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Greg J Strimel, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Morgan M Hynes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kerrie A Douglas, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Molly H Goldstein, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Rachel E. Gehr, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Emily M. Haluschak, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Azizi Penn, Purdue Engineering Education; Breejha Sene Quezada, Purdue Engineering Education; Deana Lucas, Purdue University, West Lafayette; JaKobi Burton, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mary K. Pilotte, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rena Ann Sterrett, Purdue Engineering Education

Tagged Topics

Professional Interest Council (PIC)

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

. The project works with Teacher Fellows in each district to develop curricular units that are implemented and tested in their classrooms with the support of a classroom coaching structure. Drafts of these curricular units are hosted on nanoHUB with online professional development for widespread access. SCALE K-12 Curriculum 1 Stressed Out! (10th – 12th, Pre-Calculus & Algebra II) ME Fuse: pulse sensors connected to micro:bit to collect data on human heartbeat Goal: Design a stress intervention method using heartrate as an input 2

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy B Chan Hilton, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

inferencesto inform actions and changes to achieve a goal, which for this project is improving studentsuccess and retention in early STEM courses [1]. Learning analytics is an emerging approach tomotivating STEM faculty to implement evidence-based teaching practices.The project also builds and strengthens faculty communities and develops a culture of inquiryand conversations that are data-informed – all to build readiness for transformation. We areexploring how a change framework for intentional capacity building by creating facultycommunities with similar interests across disciplines and course-level data dashboards canestablish the foundation for implementing change in their instructional practices and curriculum,with faculty members becoming change

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy B Chan Hilton, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

implemented to help address challenges fromboth project development and practical perspectives, with the goal of enhancing participants’ability to effectively use institutional data in their S-STEM proposals and other efforts withsimilar goals. The project goal is to enhance the capacity in faculty PIs’ use of institutional datain support of their S-STEM proposals. In particular, the project seeks to increase faculty PI’sknowledge of and confidence in using data to better understand their institution’s STEMenrollment, retention, and graduation landscape for low-income students with academic potentialand ability. Thus, the project objectives are to: 1) develop and implement a virtual workshop series focused on the institutional student data

Conference Session

Flanders' Fellowship: Building STEM Community Impact, Hi-Diddly-Ho!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Senay Purzer, Purdue University; TABE AKO ABANE, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

, multicultural ingenuity, and ethicalintegrity). Further, this framework argues that conscientious negotiation of risks and benefits forthe betterment and transformation of societies is underpinned by four reasoning quadrants(experiential reasoning, trade-offs reasoning, first-principles reasoning, and future reasoning),fluently examined through the core practice of multicultural ingenuity and ethical integrity. Thispaper details the theoretical foundations of the socially transformative framework and providesexamples of its pedagogical translations to guide pedagogy practices.IntroductionEngineering, as commonly understood, is the practical application of scientific and mathematicalprinciples [1], the creation of new products [2], and the procedures

Conference Session

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hariharan Naganathan, Wentworth Institute of Technology; John Kim, University of North Florida

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

drones, which are an emerging technology in academia. A drone, also known as anunmanned aerial Vehicle (UAV), is a small flying platform capable of carrying a light payload,such as various sensors, cameras, and computer devices. The drone can be operated without ahuman pilot on board and instead uses a remotely controlled operator at a distant location. Theprimary advantages of using drones are mobile accessibility within a wireless control signalrange, economic affordability, and versatility [1]. Due to continuously advancing technologies,sensors have become smaller, lighter, and more affordable. Digital cameras, LiDAR, andonboard computers with data storage/transmission are integrated with a drone, covering the areawith an accurately

Collection

2024 ASEE-GSW

Authors

Ravi S Thyagarajan, Texas A&M University; Shadi Balawi, Texas A&M University; Arun R Srinivasa, Texas A&M University

of materials, manufacturing, and design. His interests are in the areas of Engineering Design for Disciplinary STEM Educational Research, Team Formation and Team Skill Education. Dr. Balawi earned his PhD in Aerospace Engineering from University of Cincinnati with research focus on experimental design and testing of solids for honeycomb core materials. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 1 Session XXXX Teaching Concepts in STEM to Two Generations through Senior Capstone Projects

Conference Session

Project/Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, Central Connecticut State University; Thomas SJ Kim, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Jiyong Choi, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

, enabling students to apply the comprehensive array of skills they haveacquired throughout the CEM curriculum to simulate pre-construction and constructionprocesses. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for developing a senior capstone courseusing the scenario-based learning approach.IntroductionIn today’s rapidly evolving construction industry, where advancements in technology andsustainability considerations are reshaping project landscapes, the demand for graduatesequipped with critical thinking and problem-solving abilities has never been greater [1].Construction Engineering and Management (CEM) programs play a crucial role in preparingstudents to meet these demands by providing them with practical knowledge and skills essentialfor success

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 5

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Daniel Jones, Texas A&M University; Michael S Rugh, Texas A&M University; Meet Mahesh Gamdha, Texas A&M University; Tristen James Norman, Texas A&M University; Rose Myers, Texas A&M University; Kailee Meek, Texas A&M University; Amir Hossein Khazaei, Texas A&M University; Sherry Minh Nguyen, Texas A&M University; Ethan Thai Nguyen, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

significantly before presenting our work inprogress. As more EVGs are used within curriculum, the creation of a useful EVG database willserve as an important resource—a tool for bolstering educational efficiency and access toresources for faculty and instructors.Literature ReviewToday’s students grow up as part of the first generation of learners immersed in digitaltechnology and are therefore more tech-savvy in how they think and learn [1]. The 2003movement for video games in education and training, known as serious games, shaped the wayeducators approached educational instruction to meet the needs of an emerging networkgeneration [2], [3]. EVGs have impacted various fields including firefighting [4], healthcare [5],and business [6]. EVGs are

Collection

2024 ASEE PSW Conference

Authors

Sunai Kim, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Yasser Salem; Tamer Omar, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Deify Law

House, which is an energy efficient, resilient, sustainable, andaffordable single-family residence for the California housing market. It is a design-build of a prototypehouse that responds to two major challenges of OCSD23: (1) global warming with its devastating effects,increasing extreme weather events such as wildfires, flooding, and drought that are displacing millions ofpeople; and (2) California’s rising cost of housing that, compared to the national affordability index of 2.7(ratio of the median home price to median income), is 6 to 10+, making California the epicenter for lack ofaffordable housing.BackgroundCal Poly Pomona: Our campus is located 30 miles east of Los Angeles in California, offering an affordableeducation in a vibrant and

Conference Session

Meet at Springfield Middle: Where Engineering Meets Education, Woozle Wuzzle!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zeynep Gonca Akdemir, Purdue University; Muhsin Menekse, Purdue University; Erica W. Carlson, Purdue University; Nicholas Dang, Purdue University; Mahdi Hosseini, Northwestern University; Dongyang Li, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

American Society for Engineering Education. He is also selected as an NSF SIARM fellow for the advanced research methods for STEM education research. Dr. Menekse received four Seed-for-Success Awards (in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021) from Purdue University’s Excellence in Research Awards programs in recognition of obtaining four external grants of $1 million or more during each year. His research has been generously funded by grants from the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), Purdue Research Foundation (PRF), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).Dr. Erica W. Carlson, Purdue University Erica Carlson is a Professor at Purdue University in the Department of Physics and Astronomy

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly LeChasseur, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Fiona Levey, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Ahmet Can Sabuncu, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Alireza Ebadi, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; John McNeill, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED)

provide an important bridge between education and employment inengineering and providing marketable skills is a major function of the experience [1]. There isgrowing consensus around capstone projects as a potential site for teaching students professionalskills, such as problem solving and teamwork [2]. Yet there remains a gap in skills betweenemployer expectations and the graduates they hire [3], suggesting that not all capstone coursesare providing sufficient support for developing these skills. For example, [4] found limitedgrowth in professional skills in small, short-term project experiences.One potential amplifier of developing professional skills is self-efficacy. The central premisebehind self-efficacy theory is that having knowledge and

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael James McGinnis, LeTourneau University; Matthew G. Green, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

of the existing literature is described that uses a key-words/issuesapproach to identify the most impactful issues and strategies in this space to lead to morepositive outcomes. The authors have served in multiple interim and permanent engineeringeducation leadership roles across multiple institutions, and the paper concludes with a case-studysummation of their lessons learned across these roles and responsibilities.IntroductionWe’ll start this paper with a confession – we really wish that we had done this research and readthis paper before serving as interim deans. With the average lifespan of a Dean being five yearsor less ([1], [2], [3]) it would seem prudent for those in the academy who are even contemplatingserving in a leadership role

Conference Session

Integrating Hands-On Technology and Project-Based Learning in Engineering Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Connor Daniel Olsen, University of Utah; Amy Verkler, University of Utah; Daniel S. Drew, University of Utah; Jacob A. George, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

require students to understand C (typically learned during junior year) or requirepart of the course to teach coding syntax. In order to introduce robotics and cyber-physicalsystems earlier in the curriculum, we have developed an interface to allow students to remotelycontrol a wireless microcontroller (e.g., Arduino MKR 1010) using MATLAB. This interfacecomprises two halves: 1) a MATLAB class that abstracts UDP commands transmitted over Wi-Fi, and 2) a custom C++ library for receiving, parsing, and responding to commands over UDP,as well as streaming data back to the client. The interface leverages students’ existing knowledgeof MATLAB and bypasses the need for C programming, allowing students to get early exposureto hardware-software

Conference Session

Transfer issues between 2-year colleges and 4-year Engineering and Engineering Technology programs 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Dillon, University of Washington; EC Cline, University of Washington Tacoma; Emese Hadnagy, University of Washington Tacoma ; Sarah L Rodriguez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Amanda K Sesko, University of Washington Tacoma; Rebecca N Sliger, Tacoma Community College; Noelle Wilson

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College Division (TYCD)

a four year institution is a well documented challenge forSTEM students [1]. Engineering is a difficult major, and full of systemic barriers for students fromhistorically excluded groups [2,3]. High impact practices have been shown to support students inengineering and STEM disciplines to persist in the major [4,5].Undergraduate research experiences are a type of high impact practice that have consistently been shownto offer benefits to students, including retention. Research experiences for undergraduates are a wellestablished method to support underrepresented students [6–8]. A CURE is a research experience that isincluded in an undergraduate class with the goal of providing an authentic research journey to students[9].Our research team

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 2: Disaggregating data from peer-led, small group discussion workshops for engineering and computer science undergraduates: Examining "belonging" and "mentorship" outcomes for underrepresented student populations

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Ryan Sauve, Cornell University; Celia Evans PhD, Cornell University; Lisa Schneider-Bentley, Cornell University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

inthese courses. Disaggregating outcomes data based on underrepresented student identitiesprovides information with which we can improve peer educator training to increase engagementand continue to reduce systemic inequality faced by these groups. This IRB approved researchexamines: 1) the relative representation of student demographic groups in peer-led workshops, 2)whether perception of belonging and mentorship in workshops are similar for students amongdifferent demographic groups, and 3) the effect of the intersection of workshop facilitators'identities and identity of students in the workshops on indicators of a sense of belonging. Toexamine these questions, we use University collected demographic data from enrollment, andLikert-scale data

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Osama Desouky, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Yasser M. Al Hamidi, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Marwan K. Khraisheh, Texas A&M University at Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

: A METHODOLOGYAbstractThis paper introduces a methodology for teaching the Design of Experiments (DoE) MechanicalEngineering course. The concept centers on three principles: a multidisciplinary approach, studentempowerment, and real-life engineering challenges. The DoE course curriculum centers aroundtwo phases, Project 1, and Project 2, with critical problem-solving as the core focus. Project-basedlearning involves teams selecting real-life challenges and adopting a connection between students'missions and global issues. It progresses through establishing project needs, cultivating ownershipthrough role-playing, and developing technical knowledge. Work Plan Development encompassesdrafting experimental plans, data collection strategies, and

Conference Session

Flaming Moe's Influence: Bio-Inspired STEM Explorations, Hot Stuff!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holly M Golecki, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Nathan Yoonsuh Chung, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Thomas Tran, University of Chicago; Phillip Liang, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

perceptions of the activity. Datacollected through Institutional Review Board approved surveys reveals positive attitudes towardthe activity, student perceptions of robotic hands and the importance of realistic finger structures,specifically for students interested in bioengineering, and new ideas about how students relaterobotics to human-centered design. The results from this study provide insight into (1) creatingaccessible outreach curricula, (2) expanding the applications of robotics in outreach, and (3)building pre-college curricula that impact student perceptions of and interest in engineering. Thegoal of the new outreach tool is to highlight human-centered applications of robotics and toenable remote outreach, broadening access to engineering

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeyoung Woo, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Jinsung Cho, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Winny Dong

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Mechanical Engineering) participated in this program, assisting in the transitionand ensuring academic/career success by enhancing transfer students’ sense of belonging, andaddressing course content gaps between institutions. From the analysis of the pre-/post-surveysof the Engineering BRIDGE Program, the program significantly improved—in terms of transferreadiness—students’ conceptual understanding, technical communication, and higher-ordercognition.IntroductionIn the U.S., approximately 47% of graduating engineering students received their universitydegree after transferring from a community college [1]. However, the State of California, whichhas the largest four-year public university system in the United States, does not have anAssociate Degree

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Graffin, Curtin University of Technology; Rachel Sarah Sheffield, Curtin University of Technology; Rekha Bhan Koul

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

University of TechnologyRekha Bhan Koul ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Exploring coaches’ use of engineering notebooks in the FIRST LEGO League Challenge robotics competition (Work-in-Progress)IntroductionThe FIRST LEGO League (FLL) Challenge is one of the world’s largest pre-collegeeducational robotics competitions, involving over 225 300 students (aged 9-16) from 92countries [1]. Educational robotics competitions are typically designed to support students’development of 21st Century skills through their application of real-world engineeringpractices to collaboratively design solutions to real-world problems, such as transportationlogistics, space