Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Projects and Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Antonio Francisco Mondragon, Rochester Institute of Technology; Adriana Becker-Gomez, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

architectures; platforms that could beprogrammed very efficiently in assembly language and others using very high level languages;platforms that do not have any open source libraries to perform input/output interfaces and otherones that have a complete set of libraries, and platforms that hide all the microcontrollerarchitecture and just focus on applications.What is a platform that could offer good exposure to microcontroller architectures and stillsatisfy these criteria: ease to program in assembly language and high level languages; ease toperform graphical system programming and configuration; and the possibility for students toapply it in project based learning. In addition there are a couple of other very important factors toconsider. Is the

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Kathryn Thompson, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; Beunguk Ahn, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Page 25.11.2computer-assisted and web-based grading rubrics have led to the development of online tools forthe assessment of student design work like those offered by the IDEALs project13.However, these systems still do not fully address the problems of real and perceived teacher biasin grading14, grade inflation15, and professor pleasing. For example, 51% of respondents in a2004 faculty survey on capstone design courses rated their perception of grading fairness as only“(3) fair - I seldom hear complaints” and none rated their perception as a “(5) all bias anddistortion have been eliminated”16. These types of concerns have led many students to prefer thatdesign projects be evaluated by external jurors because they “want the jury process to be

Conference Session

Service as an Element of Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malinda S. Zarske, University of Colorado, Boulder; Janet L. Yowell, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel W. Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Travis O'Hair, Skyline High School

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

member in 2011. She was awarded NAE’s 2008 Gordon Prize for Innovation in Engineering and Technology Education.Dr. Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder Angela Bielefeldt is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering at the University of Colorado, Boulder. She has incorporated service-learning projects into the senior capstone design course for environmental engineering since 2001. Her engineering education research interests include sustainable engineering, ethics, and retention of female students.Dr. Daniel W. Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder Daniel W. Knight is the engineering Assessment Specialist at the Integrated Teaching and Learning Pro

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory,’ Proceedings of 2011 ASEE Southeast Section Conference5. Jang, S., Markowitz, K., ‘Initiating the Undergraduate Research Study through NYC-LSAMP Summer Fellowship Program,’ Proceedings of 2010 ASEE Southeast Section Conference6. The Peach State Louis Stokes Alliance at Southern Polytechnic State University http://pslsamp.spsu.edu/index.html, last visited on Dec 7, 20117. Anderson, J., ‘Introduction to Flight,’ McGraw Hill Companies, 20011, ISBN: 00733802458. Butler, M. W., Terpenny, P. J., Goff, R. M., ‘An Experiment in Learner – Centered Instruction in Aerospace Engineering capstone design, 2010 ASEE Southeast Section Conference9. Sinha, A., ‘High Altitude Student Ballooning Project: An

Conference Session

Sustainable Product Development and Manufacturing

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rex C. Kanu, Ball State University; Tyler Steven Steward, Ball State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

pressures had the least effect on part warpage. Main Effects Plot for Warpage Data Means Alpha Back Pressure 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.009 Mean 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 Low High 75 150 Figure 5. The relative effects of PP thermal diffusivity and back pressure on part warpageAssessmentThis work started as a capstone project for a student and was continued as

Conference Session

Hands-on Laboratory and Design Experiences in Environmental Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Drexel University; Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University; Dunia Tania Periverzov, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

project is an underway project for MET 421/422/423 (Senior Project Design), preformed by Page 25.120.5a team of four students, two electrical and two mechanical seniors. MET 421/422/423 is asequence of three-quarter capstone project design courses required for all the BSET majors. Thecourse focuses on planning, development, and implementation of an engineering design project,which includes formal report writing, project documentation, group presentations, and projectdemonstrations. The goal of these courses is to demonstrate the ability to manage a major projectinvolving the design and implementation of products with a mixture of electrical and

Conference Session

Broadening Participation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Wade H. Goodridge, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Society for the Study of Education, Toronto, ON, 2004.[17] Butler, D. and Winne, P., “Feedback and self-regulated learning: A theoretical synthesis,” Review of Educational Research, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 245-281, 1995.[18] Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Accreditation Commission, Criteria for Accrediting, Effective for Evaluations During the 2010-2011 Accreditation Cycle, ABET, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland.[19] Jain, V. K. and Sobek, D. K. Process characteristics that lead to good design outcomes in engineering capstone projects, 2003. Retrieved July 31, 2005, from http://vmw.coe.montana.edu/IE/faculty/sobek/CAREER/VDOEjpaper.DOC[20] Dym, C. L., Agogino, A. M., Eris

Conference Session

Design Across Disciplines

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Gennert, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Taskin Padir, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

engineering in 1987 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Gennert is interested in computer vision, image processing, scientific databases, and programming languages, with ongoing projects in biomedical image processing, robotics, and stereo and motion vision. He is author or co-author of more than 100 papers. He is a member of Sigma Xi, NDIA Robotics Division, and the Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council Robotics Cluster, and a Senior Member of IEEE and ACM.Dr. Taskin Padir, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Taskin Padir is an Assistant Professor of electrical and computer engineering at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He is also a faculty member in the Robotics Engineering program. He advised capstone

Collection

2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

 Use an exit survey, university wide alumni survey that allows to add CM specific questions, and an employer’s survey  A comprehensive Capstone project provides assessment  Use course assessment tools for evaluating program  Use Building Thesis class and several other survey type measurements  Use individual Capstone projects in which each student must demonstrate his/her proficiency in estimating, scheduling, safety, and project planning  Have own internal tools for assessment  Gather industry feedback and input at different venues, including career fair questionnaire and Capstone presentations to industry and collecting feedback  Exit interview, alumni surveys; input from our

Collection

2012 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

 Use an exit survey, university wide alumni survey that allows to add CM specific questions, and an employer’s survey  A comprehensive Capstone project provides assessment  Use course assessment tools for evaluating program  Use Building Thesis class and several other survey type measurements  Use individual Capstone projects in which each student must demonstrate his/her proficiency in estimating, scheduling, safety, and project planning  Have own internal tools for assessment  Gather industry feedback and input at different venues, including career fair questionnaire and Capstone presentations to industry and collecting feedback  Exit interview, alumni surveys; input from our

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey L. Schiano, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

capstone design course. The freshman courseintroduces students to the process skills associated with engineering design. Emphasis is on teamwork, communications skills, and computer-aided analytical tools. Activities include prototypebuilding and testing with industrial collaboration. As students complete this course beforechoosing a major in the College of Engineering, the technical content is general and does notfocus on a particular engineering discipline. In contrast, the senior capstone design courserequires students to apply the tools acquired in both required courses and technical electiveswithin our department. By blending professional engineering topics and project activity, theexisting capstone design course dilutes both these components

Conference Session

How Are We Preparing Our Students for the 21st Century Workforce?

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Mikesell P.E., Ohio Northern University; David R. Sawyers Jr., Ohio Northern University; Jed E. Marquart, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

, residential institution in the Midwest. At the same time, these competitions havecome to play an important role in achieving the educational objectives of the department. Thispaper will review several such competitions, evaluate the degree to which they contribute to theeducational experience of the students, and discuss some of the advantages and limitations ofthese activities.While traditional lectures, tutorials, and structured assignments are still essential to providing thefoundation for an understanding of engineering science and the skills required to solve math- andphysics-based problems, many of the abilities required by accrediting bodies and potentialemployers are difficult to achieve using these methods. Senior capstone projects and

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Eric C. Pappas, James Madison University; Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University; Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

) pedagogy, students also learn and apply engineeringdesign tools and methods to a two semester, real-world, problem-based, service learning project.This pedagogy continues in the capstone design experience (Engineering Design III through VI)where students are provided with important instruction concurrently with their capstone designexperience, in which they work in groups with one or more faculty advisors on a four semester,two-year project. In this four-semester sequence, students start by applying the engineeringdesign process as well as the design tools and methods learned during the sophomore designcourses to their new projects, but also are exposed to a variety of advanced design topics anddesign challenges that aid is helping students

Conference Session

Lessons learned

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ibrahim F. Zeid, Northeastern University; William L. DUPE Chan, Josiah Quincy High School; Kristina Buenafe, Josiah Quincy High School; Jessica Chin, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

teacher at Josiah High School. He has been teaching technology courses. He attended the CAPSULE professional development for teachers in summer 2010. He implemented a capstone project in his technology class by getting his students to design a low cost and portable USB power charger to charge cell phones.Ms. Kristina Buenafe, Josiah Quincy High School Kristina Buenafe is teacher at Josiah High School. She has been teaching mathematics courses. She at- tended the CAPSULE professional development for teachers in summer 2010. She implemented capstone projects in her geometry class by getting his students to design a three-legged chair.Ms. Jessica Chin, Northeastern University Jessica Chin is a Ph.D. candidate. She has

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin P. Arnett P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Craig E. Quadrato, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

noted above, BIM as a field of knowledge is often relied up in the field of sustainable design.(13) BIM tools and concepts produce significantly better information for use in sustainabledesign, and there is the benefit of compatible software that can further analyze the data providedfrom a BIM model. This field is the perfect piece of a multi-disciplinary capstone project, whichmay be the best and/or only time an undergraduate program can address the material.Project ManagementIn many ways you could argue that BIM is a preeminent project management tool. In addition tosupporting project management specialties such as estimating, scheduling, and producingquantity take offs which inform management decisions (all mentioned above), BIM is also

Conference Session

The Teacher as Manager: Best Practices for Culminating Design Experiences

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tonya Lynn Nilsson P.E., Santa Clara University; Kevin D. Hall, University of Arkansas; Ronald W. Welch, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

25.967.2For any department looking to create or revise a major design experience, determining the scopeof projects, assessment methods, unit requirement, team size requirements, etc. can beoverwhelming. What is appropriate for one school may not be appropriate for others. Toprovide a tool to assist Civil Engineering departments as they develop their experiences, thispaper presents the results of a national survey regarding the capstone design in CivilEngineering. The paper does not evaluate or assess the effectiveness of any one method butrather attempts to provide a comprehensive look at the variations and possibilities within a majordesign experience. Where possible, comparisons to the 1994, 2004 and 2005 surveys are offered.Survey MethodologyThis

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derrick Wayne Smith, University of Alabama, Hunstville; Monica Letrece Dillihunt, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Phillip A. Farrington, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Michael P.J. Benfield, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Matthew William Turner, University of Alabama, Huntsville

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

perspectives, (8) integrated assessment throughout, (9)polished products, and (10) multiple interpretations and outcomes.6 Therefore, the AccreditationBoard for Engineering and Technology in criterion 5, specifies the following requirements withregard to engineering capstone project experiences: "Students must be prepared for engineeringpractice through a curriculum culminating in a major design experience based on the knowledgeand skills acquired in earlier course work and incorporating appropriate engineering standardsand multiple realistic constraints.”7A 2005 survey of capstone design courses nationwide found that 98 percent of engineeringdepartments have some form of a capstone design course.8 However, reviewing the results of thesurvey indicates

Conference Session

Current Issues in Construction Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Ilyas Bhatti, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Construction Impacts • Junior Year – Development of a Mitigation Plan • Senior Year – Capstone project must incorporate implementation strategies for mitigating construction impacts.These topics could be embedded into courses such as Heavy Highway Construction, PublicInfrastructure Project Management or a new course that could be created to combine variousaspects of project management including analysis of construction impacts, strategies forminimizing impacts, negotiation skills etc. The course could also be called Contemporary ProjectManagement in the 21st Century.Curriculum Development: Any course that is developed to address the above aspects of designand construction must start with an Impacts Analysis & Mitigation

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Ieta, Oswego State University College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

Professor in the Department of Physics, State University of New York at Oswego. Ieta is a member of Professional Engineers of Ontario. Page 25.729.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012IMPLEMENTATION OF AN UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH COURSEA capstone course comes as the peak experience for students in higher education programs. Thechallenge may sometime extend to their advisors as well. We report our experience with teachinga senior research project course to Physics students at a teaching university using a recently setup Applied Electrostatics Laboratory. The design of the course allowed

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University; Eric C Pappas, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 25.990.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 On a Client-Centered, Sophomore Design Course SequenceAbstractOften engineering design instruction based on real-world, client-based projects is relegated to afinal year capstone course. Our engineering program, however, emphasizes these real-world,client-based design experiences, and places them throughout our six-course engineering designsequence. Our six-course design sequence begins with a two-course sophomore design sequencethat is meant to enable mastery through both directed and non-directed learning and explorationof the design process and design tools. At the sophomore level, we aim to provide students withthe foundational

Conference Session

Improving the Pedagogy of Laboratory Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Marshall, University of Southern Maine; William Marshall, Alief Independent School District

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

industries. The discussion will also identify how the “need” for thistype of project based curriculum became obvious. Four prerequisite courses are brieflydescribed before focusing on the project based capstone course. These four coursesprovide the students with the technical skill sets needed to succeed in the senior levelcapstone course. Accomplishments and outcomes from the student perspective, theUniversity perspective, and the industry perspective will also be shared.Our advancing world of computer integration, process control, industrial automation, andtelecommunications requires technical problem solvers and knowledgeable decisionmakers. “The activities of problem solving and decision making are closelyintertwined”,1 and both skills can

Conference Session

Lessons learned

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ibrahim F. Zeid, Northeastern University; Ramiro g Gonzalez, Boston Arts Academy High School; Cassandra Wallace, Boston Arts Academy High School

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

teacher at Boston Arts Academy High School. He has been teaching chemistry courses for the past 35 years. He attended the CAPSULE professional development for teachers in sum- mer 2010. He implemented capstone projects in his chemistry class by getting his students to design solar-powered filter and lava lamp wall.Ms. Cassandra Wallace, Boston Arts Academy High School Cassandra Wallace is teacher at Boston Arts Academy High School. She teaches mathematics courses. She attended the CAPSULE professional development for teachers in summer 2011. She implemented capstone projects in her mathematics class by getting her students to design a rocket launcher

Conference Session

TAC/ABET-related Outcome-based Assessment Methods and Models

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anca L. Sala, Baker College, Flint; James Riddell, Baker College, Flint

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

through direct assessments administered in several courses. Figure 1 illustrates therelationship between the various outcomes. Program Educational Objectives - PEO 1, …, PEO 6 Program Outcomes - PO a., …, PO m. Program Courses – Student Learning OutcomesFig.1 Relationship between Student Learning Outcomes, Program Outcomes, and ProgramEducational ObjectivesOne important curriculum change implemented by the program just before the ABET visit in2009 was to introduce a Capstone Project course at the end of the program requiring students tocomplete and present a hands-on project utilizing the knowledge and skills acquired throughouttheir studies. The

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey L. Schiano, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

design course and a senior capstone design course. The freshman courseintroduces students to the process skills associated with engineering design. Emphasis is on teamwork, communications skills, and computer-aided analytical tools. Activities include prototypebuilding and testing with industrial collaboration. As students complete this course beforechoosing a major in the College of Engineering, the technical content is general and does notfocus on a particular engineering discipline. In contrast, the senior capstone design courserequires students to apply the tools acquired in both required courses and technical electiveswithin our department. By blending professional engineering topics and project activity, theexisting capstone design course

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael S. Trevisan, Washington State University; Denny C. Davis, Washington State University; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow; Jay Patrick McCormack, University of Idaho; Phillip L. Thompson, Seattle University; Paul R. Leiffer, LeTourneau University; Howard P. Davis, Washington State University; Susannah Howe, Smith College; Jennifer E. LeBeau, Washington State University; Robert E. Gerlick, Pittsburg State University; Patricia Brackin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; M. Javed Khan, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, including the Integrated Design Engineering Assessment and Learning (IDEALS) project, which seeks to enhance learning and assessment in design. Davis has taught multidisciplinary de- sign that integrates engineering and business development skills. He is a Fellow of the American Society for Engineering Education.Dr. Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow Steven Beyerlein is professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Idaho, where he coordinates the capstone design program and regularly participates in ongoing program assessment activities. He re- ceived a Ph.D. in M.E. from Washington State University in 1987. His research interests include catalytic combustion systems, application of educational

Conference Session

Lessons Learned through Community Engagement of Engineering Students

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lynne A. Slivovsky, California Polytechnic State University; James M. Widmann, California Polytechnic State University; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University; J. Kevin Taylor, California Polytechnic State University; David W. Hey, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

two multidisciplinary service-learning programs: the Access by Design project that has capstone students design devices for people with dis- abilities to participate in adapted physical activity, and Organic Twittering that merges social media with sustainability.Dr. James M. Widmann, California Polytechnic State University Jim Widmann is a professor of mechanical engineering at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. He received his Ph.D. in 1994 from Stanford University. Currently, he is a visiting Fulbright scholar at Kathmandu University in Nepal. He teaches mechanics and design courses. He conducts research in the areas of machine design, fluid power control, and engineering

Collection

2012 St.Lawrence Section Meeting

Authors

Junichi Kanai; Mark Anderson

Redmine in an Academic Setting Junichi Kanai and Mark Anderson The Design Lab at Rensselaer, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteAbstractA web-based collaboration system called Redmine was introduced for use in our capstone designprogram. Many project teams effectively used both the project's wiki, discussion forums, and arepository tool for recording and communicating their design work. The students also learned touse the discussion forums and the issue tool to manage their projects. On the other hand, varioususer statistics obtained from the system allowed the faculty advisors to monitor the frequency ofeach student's contributions and to quickly review the

Conference Session

Course and Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald G. Kander, Philadelphia University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

  Arts/Culture   Business  Models   Capstone  Project   History/Language   Business   Systems  Analysis   Humanities   Design   Research  Methods   Integrated  Teams   Seminars/Capstone   Engineering   External  Customers   Real  Deliverables   First, College

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Che, Geneva College; David Allen Clark, Geneva College; David W. Shaw, Geneva College; James S. Gidley, Geneva College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

of a SAE Baja team tobe formed and financed was a distant one. But a series of events happened in the 2008/2009academic year that prompted the birth of the college‟s first ever SAE Baja team. It was quite ajourney for all involved. We started from scratch with no experience and little resources. Thelearning curve was steep during the first year, and there were crisis moments during the secondyear. And now we are on our journey of a third year.It was set up as a two semester senior capstone design project since its start. We soon realizedthat it was not all vehicle dynamics that we had to deal with, but also team/group dynamics.Lessons were learned in building a successful team and the importance of team work, individualaccountability and

Conference Session

ABET Accreditation, Assessment, and Program Improvement in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Larry L Wear, University of Washington, Tacoma; Orlando R. Baiocchi, University of Washington, Tacoma; Matthew Alden, University of Washington, Tacoma; Robert Gutmann, University of Washington, Tacoma; Jie Sheng, University of Washington, Tacoma

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

 statics,  we  documented  how  his  capstone  project  involved  learning  and  applying  probability  theory  to  a  design  problem.  Be  sure  your  student  advising  records  document  any  discrepancies  between  what  students  have  done  and  what  they  were  suppose  to  do.    Program  Objectives    Assessing  how  well  your  graduates  have  achieved  your  program  objectives  is  usually  difficult  for  programs  that  have  only  produced  one  or  two  graduating  classes.  In  our  case,  we  had  one  group  of  graduates  who  had  one  year’s  experience.  With  so  little  experience  it  was  not  surprising  that  only  a  few  of  the  graduates  had  achieved  some  of  the  program  objectives.  However,  we  were