Conference Session

Introducing New Methodologies and the Incoming Students to Engineering Programs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salahuddin Qazi, State University of New York, Institute of Tech.; Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University (ENG); Qaiser H Malik, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Pakistan University

Tagged Divisions

International

learning is not only knowledgeacquisition or participation in a social community but also about knowledge creation as in thecase of project based learning. Similarly the new developments in electronic media are leading toenormous challenges for teachers in regards to the role digital devices can and should play in thelearning process. For some educators, the view is that technology should only be utilized as atool to help facilitate student understanding and mastery of the current curriculum. Whereas forother educators, technology is as fundamental to learning as reading and writing and thereforemust become an integral segment of the school curriculum. The paper also discusses new trendsand teaching methodologies to help improve the state of

Conference Session

FPD 5: Transitions and Student Success, Part I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Skurla, Baylor University; Steven R. Eisenbarth, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

during thetime that they otherwise would spend working to support themselves through school5. The goalsof these programs are to provide students with the skills, support, encouragement, and guidancethat will allow them to develop a passion for their field, which, in turn, will allow them to makeand keep their focus on long-term career goals and short-term academic goals. In the case ofwomen and underrepresented minorities, building connections to peers, faculty, industryrepresentatives, and to the university community6 are vitally important themes in how thesestudents learn and incorporate themselves into a culture. Due to the lack of minority role modelsin engineering and computer science, women and minority students often have trouble

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Ieta, State University of New York at Oswego; Rachid Manseur, Oswego State University College; Thomas E. Doyle, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

second runof the course, student projects were grouped so that two students focused on the same topic.Although the topics were different, the intention was to facilitate student cooperation and peer- Page 23.271.3learning among all students, irrespective of project. All students were familiar with andcontributed partially to all projects. They helped their peers and followed their projects‟development. In addition, they had joint presentations in preparation for conferences and thefinal talk, open to all interested. Moreover, students sometimes had to share resources andcoordinate with their colleagues. This brought more attention to and respect

Conference Session

...by Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber Kendall, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach; Merredith D Portsmore, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

different ways of connecting LEGOTM pieces together.For the engineering design challenge portion of the lesson, students worked in pairs throughelements of the engineering design process such as planning, building, testing, and as timeallowed, revising the solution. At the end of the process, the lesson reviewed a sample seven-step EDP, synthesized from several sources15, 16: Ask, Imagine, Plan, Create, Test, Share, andImprove. The lesson materials given to the teachers during the professional developmentincluded a worksheet for “Draw Yourself as an Engineer” with space to draw and write, aworksheet for planning with space to draw and write, and a rubric with the six requirements forcompleting the “Build a Chair for Mr. Bear” challenge (See

Conference Session

Micro-Technology and Nanotechnology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher E. Rizkalla, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Mangilal Agarwal, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Sudhir Shrestha, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Hazim A El-Mounayri, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Kody Varahramyan, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

simulations, and realization using AFM. Dr. El-Mounayri has worked as consultant for and conducted R&D for a number of lo- cal companies in the areas of CAD/CAM, CNC machining, and process development/improvement. Dr. El-Mounayri is a member of ASME, ASEE, and SME. He has published over 60 technical papers in Page 23.691.1 renowned peer-reviewed journals and technical conferences in his field and gave presentations at various national and international conferences.Dr. Kody Varahramyan, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis c American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Software Engineering Outreach: Industry, K-12

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clare McInerney, Lero - the Irish Software Engineering Research Centre; Mike Hinchey, Lero-the Irish Software Engineering Reseaach Centre

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

to arise in the ICT sector with growth at 6.1%annually over the period of 2005-2010, translating into a net job creation of 11,000 over this fiveyear period.The output from undergraduate computing programmes is 754 in 2009 [9] and 959 in 2011. Thebulletin further notes that there is a particular difficulty in filling available positions in the ICTsector for software engineers and computer programmers. Our E&O programme specificallyaddresses this problem. In Ireland, there is no “computing/computer science” subject, officialcomputing curriculum or a US-like advanced placement programme at junior or senior level inhigh school. However, recently we have been commissioned by the National Centre forCurriculum and Assessment (NCCA) to write a

Conference Session

Sustainability and engineering education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kim LaScola Needy, University of Arkansas; TAHAR MESSADI, UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS; John Henry Kester III, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

. Page 23.943.9  Preparation of sustainability research:  Structure and write a research proposal (e.g. Honors College grant application, NSF graduate fellowship application or thesis proposal); Deliverable: Research proposal  Structure and write an undergraduate thesis (i.e., abstract, introduction and previous work, statement of problem, objectives, methods, data and data representation, discussion, references, along with methods for appropriate attribution (citation), data visualization (charts, graphs, tables, etc.); Deliverable: Thesis outline  Write a research abstract for a research conference, conference paper, or journal paper; Deliverable: Abstract suitable for submission  Prepare a research

Conference Session

ABET Accreditation, Assessment and Program Improvement in ECE.

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark William Redekopp, University of Southern California; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

begs further inquiry.Other modifications of the typical "flipped" classroom approach are also documented besidesvideo prelectures. Bland15 took problem-based learning (PBL) approach to a flipped classroom,where students were presented with assignments before an upcoming class meeting that usedconcepts that had not been discussed prior. Students were expected to find and utilize availableresources (textbook, web, peer-based learning, etc.) to complete the assignments. The goal forthis pedagogical approach was to develop individual learning skills that would better preparestudents for careers in industry where sparse guided assistance is available and moreresponsibility is on the learner to find, evaluate, and then integrate sources of

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Culture

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rosalyn S. Hobson, Virginia Commonwealth University; Cindy Jong, University of Kentucky; Donna Joy Dockery; Mary Hermann, Virginia Commonwealth University; Teresa Jones Carter, Virginia Commonwealth University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

careers and career decision option, education, care giving and familial support. Support & Examples of support and encouragement friends provided for the Encouragement choices and decisions the subjects made.Friends/Peers Competitors & Examples of peer competition sometimes with males in particular Barriers and the barriers that arose because of peer influences Aspirations, Personal aspirations, interests, and predilections that motivated the Interests, & subjects to pursue or not pursue a STEM career . Career satisfaction Satisfaction and the factors

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malinda S Zarske, University of Colorado, Boulder; Dana E Schnee, University of Colorado, Boulder; Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Derek T Reamon, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

3.65 (0.61) 3.88 (0.57) 0.24* Theoretical Client 110 3.57 (0.53) 3.80 (0.55) 0.23* No Client 222 3.61 (0.55) 3.78 (0.58) 0.17* *Significant at the p<0.05 level, paired t-testThe pre- to post-mean scores of the overall FYEP students in Table 4 indicate a significant gainfrom the pre-assessment in self-rated technical skills and professional skills. There were alsosignificant gains in students’ perceived technical and professional skills for all types of FYEPprojects, with students engaged in local client-based projects slightly outgaining their peers inboth professional and technical skills. A repeated

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Arnold, Alma High School, Alma, MI; Ze Zhang; Tolga Kaya, Central Michigan University; Bingbing Li, Department of Chemistry, Science of Advanced Materials Doctoral Program, Central Michigan University ; Qin Hu, Central Michigan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, international, peer-reviewed journals. She is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a member of the Biophysical Society (BPS) and the Society of Woman Engineers (SWE). Page 23.732.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Incorporating Engineering into the High School Chemistry Classroom Lisa Arnold, Ze Zhang, Tolga Kaya, Bingbing Li, Qin HuAbstract A unique experience is provided to pre-service and in-service teachers to participate in aresearch project via a grant won from the

Conference Session

Computer Based Grading and Learning Styles

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bobby G Crawford P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Lynn K Byers, U.S. Military Academy; Rebecca Zifchock, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

eleven peer-reviewed journal publications and over 30 conference proceedings. She has taught as an instructor, adjunct professor, and guest lecturer in five major universities, including Columbia University, Sacred Heart University, and New York Medical College. Page 23.318.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Computer Aided Design: Learning Style Preference Effect on Student LearningAbstractIn the Computer Aided Design (CAD) course at the United States Military Academy (WestPoint, NY), students learn two different design software packages

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Swartwout, Saint Louis University; Sanjay Jayaram, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Eng.

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Mechanical Engineering from University of Central Florida in 2004. He teaches control systems/mechatronics, space systems engineering, and astronautics related courses as well as engineering sciences courses. He has published several peer reviewed journal and conference papers in these areas. His research areas are space systems, robust fault tolerant control, nonlinear control, adaptive control, small spacecraft design, high performance spacecraft components, mechatronics, real-time health monitoring, and diagnostic methodology. Page 23.181.1 c American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Information Literacy, Computer Efficacy and Readiness

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Renee Henson, Mineral Area College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

. Page 23.1206.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 The Impact of Computer Efficacy on the Nontraditional Community College StudentBackgroundComputers and Internet technologies have penetrated and transformed nearly every facet ofmodern society. In fact, in many work, educational, and social situations, people are expected tohave a certain level of computer skills and Internet access. Colleges and universities and thestudents who attend them are no exception to this transformation. Computer skills are assumed inhigher education as students are often required to write papers and perform homework usingword processing software, retrieve assignments and grades

Conference Session

Incorporating Technology into Construction Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. Casey Cline, Boise State University; Kirsten A Davis, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

mobile learning are far from being a theoretical possibility. Mobile learning is anon-the-ground reality allowing learners to access educational content, communicate and shareinformation with other learners, and elicit support from peers and instructors. While mobiletechnology is not an educational panacea, it is a powerful tool that can support education in waysnot previously possible10. The use of mobile technologies in education can be used to re-enactapproaches and solutions already used in 'conventional' e-Learning by using mobile technologiesas flexible replacements for desktop technologies11, aiding in the acquisition of knowledgeregardless of location and time12.Materials and Methods LaboratoryBolstered by andragogical studies on adult

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education (DEED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma; Dirk Ifenthaler, University of Freiburg; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, socio-techno-eco system in the wired, interconnected and culturally diverse world of 2030? QD3 – August 23, 2012: What are your learning objectives for in this course and how do they relate to the competencies? Lecture 3 – ORA, Deep Reading, Learning Statements and A1 QD4 – August 28, 2012: How do I create knowledge? • By using the Observe-Reflect and Articulate [ORA] construct. • Through Deep Reading QD5 – August 28, 2012: How do I keep track of my progress in attaining my competencies? • By writing learning statements in A0 Item 9. Lecture 4 – A Learning Organization / Community QD6 – August 30, 2012: What is a Learning Organization? QD7 – August 30, 2012: What is the relevance of the learning

Conference Session

Thermal Sciences

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Georg Pingen, Union University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

implement a flipped-classroom approach6 using screencasts3. I hadpreviously recorded and uploaded my lecture notes using a tablet PC to allow students to focuson comprehension rather than having to write down every word during class. Screencasts servedas an extension of these tablet-recorded notes by recording screen-captures and audio using theopen source software Camstudio7 for short mini-lectures and example problems. The resultingscreencasts are then uploaded to YouTube and embedded on the course website or into PDFreading guides using LaTeX. This has permitted the recording of “passive” course content asscreencasts provided to students prior to class as part of their reading assignment. This ability tomove essential but “passive” course

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judy Santa Cruz, Texas A&M University; Dimitris C. Lagoudas P.E., Texas A&M University; Darren John Hartl, Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

measurement method to study the strain localizationin shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators. With access to a diverse population of graduatestudents and professors from different specializations and institutions, the student wasempowered with much knowledge and ideas to develop a virtual instrument for in-situmeasurements. Development and implementation of this method shows a promising potential inunderstanding SMA actuator fatigue failure mechanisms. Valuable time was comprised ofworking on a challenging problem through integration of software, hardware, and algorithms toproduce in-situ data. The program enriched the student’s educational experience throughdevelopment in research, problem solving, technical writing, and software knowledge required ofa

Conference Session

Track 2 - Session I - Curriculum Development

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Lynette Frances Johns-Boast, Australian National University

Tagged Topics

Invited - Curriculum Development

institutionsoffer their stakeholders 1 as it both determines and drives outcomes. Despite this, the most notableoutcome of a “review of the literature on curriculum in higher education in the UK, the USA andAustralia … [is that there] is the dearth of writing on the subject” 2. That literature which doesaddress higher education curricula assumes a common understanding of the term curriculum andtargets curriculum related issues such as ‘inclusive curriculum’, ‘learner-centered curriculum’,internationalization of the curriculum or it focuses on the design of individual courses – that is,single units of study 2.Accepting that an important aspect of our role as academics is “not to impart knowledge, but todesign learning environments that support knowledge

Conference Session

Culture, Race, and Gender Issues

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

understand the impact of implicit bias, chilly climate, and micro-inequities on whitewomen’s and people of color's continued low rates of entry into and comparatively high rates ofexit from the engineering educational and professional “pipeline” compared to their white malecolleagues. Their studies have spanned the space of gender, race, and engineering by exploringunderrepresented people's relationships as young students with peers, teachers and parents, asyoung ethnically diverse women and men with media, role models, and career visions, asundergraduate and graduate students with teams, mentors, and technical material, and asprofessionals with colleagues, peer-reviewers, and institutional leaders

Conference Session

Experiences in Engineering Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joan B Schuman, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Kellie Grasman, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

expanded to include increased utilization as a collaboration tool betweenteams and community sponsors as well as a tool for peer to peer evaluation of project teamprogress.ReflectionFor the fall semester 2012, students were given reflective work as part of the course study.Students were asked to reflect on the following questions: 1. Did having a “real” customer improve your performance? Explain 2. Did you feel that you were helping the community with the project? Explain. 3. Do you see yourself doing service in any community in the future? Has this class experience changed that outlook?Eighty-five percent of students felt that having a “real” customer improved their performance,while 11.5% stated that their experience was improved

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R Goldberg, University of Pittsburgh; Jon Pearlman; Christian D Schunn, University of Pittsburgh; Birdy Reynolds, University of Pittsburgh; Shelly Renee Brown MEd, The Quality of Life Technology Engineering Research Center; University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

research involves cognitive/social psychology studies of science and engineering problem solving and creativity. His educational research and design work focuses on K-12 urban education in writing, science, technol- ogy, engineering, and mathematics—both in isolation and in various combinations.Birdy Reynolds, University of PittsburghMs. Shelly Renee Brown MEd, The Quality of Life Technology Engineering Research Center; University ofPittsburgh Shelly Brown, M.Ed. is an education and outreach coordinator for the QoLT Center at the Human En- gineering Research Laboratories and the University of Pittsburgh Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology. Ms. Brown is responsible for all K-12 outreach projects and

Conference Session

Two-Year College Division Transfer Topics Part II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan G. Dimitriu, San Antonio College; Jerry O'Connor, San Antonio College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

,the MESA Program has made a substantial contribution to the success of our engineeringprogram.Once our MESA Center was established, it soon became apparent why this space was a criticalcomponent of the MESA Program. It has served as a focal point for student study groups and acentral location for promoting student scholarships, engineering design competitions, internships,and summer undergraduate research opportunities. The Center has been host to tutoring sessionsfor difficult courses, student success seminars, resume writing and job search workshops, as wellas meetings of several science and engineering oriented student organizations on our campus.The Center has also served as a forum for presentations by faculty and student researchers

Collection

2013 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Muhammet Ceylan; Aybala Usta; Fatma Barut; Nur Ergul; Ramazan Asmatulu

nanoparticles fabrication and characterization Week 5: Annealing and crystallization of nanomaterials Week 6: Sol-gel-based nanomaterials fabrication and characterization Week 7: Electrospun nanofibers fabrication and characterization Week 8: Nanomaterials-based thermoelectric generators and working principles Week 9: Nanomaterials-based solar energy systems Week 10: Bionanomaterials Figure 1. The photograph showing some of the high school students with the GTA in the Nanolab prior to the nano experiment.Figure 1 shows the photograph of some of the high school students with the GTA in the Nanolabprior to the nano experiment. Following these experiments, the students were asked to write

Conference Session

Track 1 - Session II - Student Development

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Patrick D Ulrich, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Chad D Vecitis; Jason Dyett, Harvard University, DRCLAS; Monica F A Porto, USP

Tagged Topics

Student Development

withinternational peers. It is increasingly important for engineering students to develop a globalprofessional perspective during their training, and an international educational experience is anexceptional way to allow students to gain an understanding of engineering within the context ofanother culture. This paper describes the fourth edition of the annual SEAS/Poli-USPCollaborative Field Course, a joint program of Harvard's School of Engineering and AppliedSciences (SEAS), the Escola Politécnica of the Universidade de São Paulo (Poli-USP), andHarvard’s David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies (DRCLAS). This innovativecourse, which brought together 13 students from Harvard and 15 students from USP, was held inBrazil in January 2013 and focused

Conference Session

Track 1 - Session I - Student Development

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Robyne Bowering, Monash University

Tagged Topics

Invited - Student Development

communication, as a two-way process, is paramount to anengineer’s success. Yet the emphasis on developing communication skills in manyengineering courses is limited to the one-way delivery of discipline-specific informationthrough technical writing and the occasional oral presentation, supported by text and imageson a screen. Oral communication in the broadest context is a learnable skill.[5] Despite this,studies from around the world reveal that it is the competency most frequently reported as Page 21.46.2being deficient in the engineering workplace. [6-8, 10]Oral communication, like many skills identified by employers as insufficiently developed

Conference Session

FPD 4: First-Year Engineering Courses, Part I: Multimedia, Large Classes, and TAs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian M Frank, Queen's University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

computerizedscoring of student work (Jordan & Mitchell, 2009) and computer-supported peer review (Wood,2009), and considerable success has been found by enhancing lecture time using an interactiveclassroom format and frequent in-class assessment (Hake, 1998; Knight & Wood, 2005).Instructors employing in-class assessment frequently turn to technology including audienceresponse systems (ARS) which are most often dedicated handheld transmitters often known as“clickers”, which include TurningPoint (“Turning Technologies,” n.d.) and iClicker (“iClicker,”n.d.). These approaches have been widely used and their impact on engagement and learning hasbeen presented widely.Clickers have been shown to improve student outcomes (Caldwell, 2007) such as improved

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ying Tang, Rowan University; Sachin Shetty, Tennessee State University; Kauser Jahan, Rowan University; John P Henry, Sustainable Learning Systems; S. Keith Hargrove, Tennessee State University; Talbot Bielefeldt, International Society for Technology in Education

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

regarding the pros and cons of various energysources. Succeeding in this role requires that the player understand and apply the knowledgeabout power and energy systems learned in both the classroom and the game environment,together with the writing skills to collect appropriate evidence and compose a persuasive piece ofwriting. In fact, the game is designed in the way that automatically composes a final report forthe player by using every justification the player provides in the question prompts (Fig. 1b) atdifferent game stages.Fig. 1: (a) Chat with Mayor for the assignment; (b) a question prompt after a player visited the Mayor's roomAfter players exit the city hall, they must talk to different power system experts located in officesspread

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mo Ahmadian, Eastern New Mexico University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

heavilysubsidized tuition), the combination of participation in (a) a scholarship program and (b)academic support services resulted in higher academic achievement and retention for females(but both males and females used support services and peer advising at higher rates) compared togroups of students who participated in either (a) or (b) but not both. In the book Talking AboutLeaving, Why Undergraduates Leave the Sciences, 3 it is stated that nationally 40 percent ofundergraduate students leave engineering programs, 50 percent leave the physical and biologicalsciences programs, and 60 percent leave mathematics programs to pursue other non-STEMprograms.Recent findings from the Academic Pathways Study (APS) have shown that among the factorsthat predict the

Conference Session

Electrical Energy Courses, Labs, and Projects II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Ferris, Portland State University; Robert B Bass, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

transformers, important elements in protective relaying schemes.Students run experiments to identify fuse conductors through high current applications andexamine waveform phenomena of saturated CT cores. Separately, EM relay and digital relay Page 23.90.2setting calculations and testing for different types of faults are performed. Using ASPEN andETAP system simulation software, students record and analyze information regarding systemparameters under fault conditions for balanced three-phase faults, single-line faults andline-to-line faults for both radial and looped systems. Students use Matlab to write settingscalculations, obtained in course lectures