Conference Session

Software Engineering Division (SWED) Technical Session 3

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Li, University of Maryland College Park; Houbing Herbert Song, University of Maryland Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division (SWED)

Paper ID #45882GPS Spoofing on UAV Simulation using ArdupilotDavid Li, University of Maryland College ParkProf. Houbing Herbert Song, University of Maryland Baltimore County Houbing Herbert Song (M’12–SM’14-F’23) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, in August 2012. He is currently a Professor, the Founding Director of the NSF Center for Aviation Big Data Analytics (Planning), the Associate Director for Leadership of the DOT Transportation Cybersecurity Center for Advanced Research and Education (Tier 1 Center), and the Director of the Security and

Conference Session

Supporting Students and Faculty in Computing (Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division ECSJ Technical Session 7)

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Thiry, University of Colorado, Boulder ; Sarah Hug, Colorado Evaluation and Research Consulting; Anne-Marie Nunez

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

alignment of institutional mission and valueswith the work of those who implement strategic plans. Studies of undergraduate STEMeducation change efforts have found that they may fail, in part, due to the lack of alignmentbetween those leading the change and those responsible for implementing the change [22]. Bycontrast, our study indicates that when student-centered values are infused across the institution,institutional agents who directly interact with students find it easier to enact change that seeks totransform and humanize educational systems. Empowerment institutional agents were crucial in brokering access to resources andopportunities for students at HSIs. Staff, who were often women of color, disrupted academichierarchies and

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division (MFG) Technical Session 6

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhen Zhao, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; John Liu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

Communication Channels: Creating platforms for regular dialogue betweenemployers, educators, and training providers can facilitate a better understanding of needs andpriorities. Collaborative planning sessions, workshops, and feedback mechanisms can help alignexpectations and foster stronger partnerships.Flexible Program Setting: Offering employers support in integrating PWD program tasks intotheir operational workflows (e.g., allowing flexible program-hour options) can enhanceemployee enrollment and organizational buy-in.These strategies not only address employers’ expressed preferences but also position PWDprograms as essential partners in workforce development.5.3. LimitationsOne limitation of this study is the potential bias introduced by the PWD

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FPD) Technical Session 12: Bridging the Gap - Strategies to Support Diverse Learners in Early Engineering Courses

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aishwary Pawar, Southern Methodist University; DeLean Tolbert Smith, University of Michigan - Dearborn

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FPD)

personas rather thanpersonal judgment, ensuring a data-driven approach to prioritization. This method allowed theworkshop to focus on actionable solutions grounded in real student experiences. Thus, helpingthem identify the most significant student challenges. Furthermore, Activity 4 integratedindividual ranks from Activity 3 into a collective prioritizing, involving five primary pain pointsidentified and ranked jointly. This guaranteed consensus on the most pressing concerns toaddress during the session. Finally, Activity 5 focused on formulating solutions for the primaryidentified demands utilizing the ToC framework. A structured approach facilitated theformulation of plans to tackle the most pressing difficulties faced by PENG students. Fig

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division (MVD) 1 - Access and Integration

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lauren Dinse, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Vahid Motevalli, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans Division (MVD)

, andwhat types of programming could best address those needs.Figure 1 – Undergraduate Four-year degree enrollment (excludes pre-majors or those who intendto transfer to other campuses of the university) trend in all undergraduate degrees vs. engineeringThe Office of Veterans Affairs conducted a needs assessment in the fall of 2019 as part of their2020-2025 strategic planning cycle. The survey was disseminated via email to 255 self-identifiedveteran students with a completion rate of 30% (N=72). The survey assessed pathways toenrollment at the college, familiarity and satisfaction with key student support offices,perceptions of veteran friendliness at the campus, and queried types of veteran-specificprogramming desired by veteran students. Data

Conference Session

Tech Session 4: Embedding Engineering for One Planet (EOP) Framework in Engineering Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pranshoo Solanki P.E., Illinois State University; Ali Barenji, Illinois State University; Matthew Aldeman, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering & Sustainability Division (ENVIRON)

with a primary focus on Mechanics of Materials topics, with minimal emphasison sustainability. To address this gap, the courses were redesigned following the EOPframework. The redesign introduced new units on sustainable material alternatives, groupprojects, and student design challenges, emphasizing sustainability as a core component. Thisapproach aims to foster a deeper understanding of sustainable practices and encourage studentsto apply these principles in their future professional endeavors.The integration process was methodically planned to align course objectives with keysustainability principles. This involved incorporating hands-on activities that allowed students toapply these principles in practical scenarios. The redesigned

Conference Session

International Division (INTL): Navigating Risks and Cross-Cultural Challenges

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hiroyuki Ishizaki, Shibaura Institute of Technology; Rumi Okazaki, School of Architecture, Shibaura Institute of Technology; Ikuro SHIMIZU, Shibaura Institute of Technology; Tadesse girmay Girmay

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

leading the internationalization of SIT and its partner universities throughout the Southeast Asian region. Under his initiatives, various short-term mobility programs and student exchanges have been started. He is also Chair of the Mobility Special Interest Group of Asia Technological University Network (ATU-Net) and initiated a COIL program called Virtual Asia Exploration (VAx) by orchestrating the collaboration of six Asian universities. He is also an entrepreneur through his consulting company established in 2004, and has been rendering management consultation services to both small-medium size companies and multi-national enterprises such as global strategy planning, cross-border business entry, middle manager

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 8

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pooya Niksiar, The Citadel; Dimitra Michalaka P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

effectively in their academic and professional pursuits.In our future research, we will expand on the homework assignments used for validations,explore a variety of AI tools that have the potential to benefit educational systems andinvestigate their effectiveness in enhancing students’ learning experiences. Also, there have beensuggestions to let students do the homework first, then use AI tools for guidance and checkingthe accuracy of their solution and finally submit it to the instructor for final grading. This mightbe useful in guiding the students in the right direction if their initial approach was wrong.Additionally, recognizing the growing importance of virtual reality in education, we plan tointegrate Apple Vision Pro—a current virtual

Conference Session

Advancing Labs: From VR to Process Control

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tata Serebryany, University of Washington; Jennafer Marsh, Brigham Young University; Hayden Scott West; Stacy K Firth, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

. Through the challenges encountered and successesachieved, students gained a better understanding of PID control within the practicalities ofindustrial automation. The reflections show that this experience has helped students developskills critical for their future careers in chemical engineering and related fields. The studentsmade valuable connections between the theory that they have learned throughout their courses topractical applications in their control modules. As one student stated, he had "built a strongerunderstanding of control systems and how they operate because of this lab. This will help me indesigning and troubleshooting control systems that I will encounter in an oil refining setting thatI am planning to enter into after

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 6: BYOE (Bring Your Own Experiment): Engaging Students with Creative Hands-on Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

timothy C scott, Sweet Briar College; Lemuel T Curran, Sweet Briar College

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

test is over. The idea of “watching the dataas the test takes place” needs to be demonstrated and enforced as a standard procedure in testing.We also find that students cannot always detect problems with the data during the test. This isbecause, even with a “model” curve to compare with, what reasonable data “should” look like isnot obvious. This is why we have them write down the data by hand, then watch the dataaccumulate on the graph, and have the instructor present to guide their work.3. Learning Methods3.1 Typical Questions Asked in the Lab ReportIn addition to providing the results from the tests, each lab report asks questions such asillustrated here:3.1.1 Scenario A [20] Bob plans to test discs for free convection that are 4

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Fatma Outay, College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University; Haroon Malik, Marshall University

chatbot encountered various non-phishing queries, including general tech supportrequests and unrelated user inquiries. WhatsPhish successfully recognized these messages as outside itsscope and responded politely and efficiently, redirecting users to relevant resources. This intelligenthandling of out-of-scope messages ensures that the chatbot maintains focus on cybersecurity topics whileenhancing the overall user experience. 7.1.5. Future Enhancements: Image and Document AnalysisWhile users occasionally attempted to share screenshots of phishing attempts, the chatbot currently lacksimage recognition capabilities. However, future development plans include integrating image analysis,enabling users to upload screenshots for automated phishing

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Surupa Shaw, Texas A&M University; Danaii Anitzel Elizondo, Texas A&M University

ExampleApproachesActive Learning -Increases student engagement -Some students may not be -Think-pair-share and retention comfortable with participation -Problem-based learning -Promotes deeper -Requires careful planning to understanding through be effective interactive methodsPersonalized -Addresses individual learning -Requires significant time and -One-on-one meetingsInstruction needs and gaps resources -Differentiated

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Jayed Pasha; Junayed Pasha, Gannon University; Ikechukwu P Ohu

inefficient traffic layout and frequent disobeying of basictraffic laws has led to massive congestion and safety concerns regarding this intersection1. Dueto how much recent attention this roadway was getting, it was deemed a good research point. Notto mention the push for the City Council of Erie to improve their vehicular infrastructure withincity limits with studies, such as the Bayfront Parkway Improvement Project, which have onlyrecently seen advancement, even after years of planned implementation2. This is because the cityof Erie has been struggling with budgeting for these improvements as well as having issues withthe limited available space for roadway additions. These setbacks create a reasonablejustification for the need for this study

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Ethan Scott Stevenson, Marshall University; Jay Cook, Marshall University; Trevor Bihl, Marshall University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

$46 million in losses in a year [8].Beyond economic impacts, electricity theft strains power systems since losses due to theft areunpredictable and cannot be planned for. An example of an extreme case of this can be seen inIndia in 2012, when non-technical losses were 25% of all power distributed [16]. The stress oftheft helped cause a blackout in 2012 which affected 700 million, or 8.5% of the globalpopulation [11] [17].Electricity Theft MethodsTechniques used to steal electricity are varied. The general idea is simply to access distributedelectricity without paying for it. The methods used range from simple to sophisticated, whereparticipants only need to avoid electric meters or bills. Simple methods generally bypass or avoidmeters, and

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Ahmed Hassebo; Kevin B. Montes

mechanisms, are planned. Future System Using Arduino UNO R3 and DHT11 Sensor," in 2020 17th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Mediaenhancements will focus on machine learning, weather Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP), Chengdu,forecasting, and solar-powered off-grid functionality. China, 2020.Future work will focus on enhancing system intelligence [9] Q. Qi and G. J. Brereton, "Mechanisms of removal of micron-sized particles by high-frequency

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Lynn Dudash, University of Mount Union

,being older and more experienced likely meant that the BME 412 students had developedstronger self-regulation skills than the EGE 210 students and this may have allowed flippedlearning to be implemented more successfully in the upper-level course. Finally, Tomas et al.reported their experience on implementing flipped learning in a first-year science course. Theirwork indicated that while students reported watching the pre-class videos, they were not ready totake part in the planned collaborative learning activities without a significant in-depth review ofthe video content from the course instructor, concluding that flipped learning might not be thebest choice for first year students. [17] My experience with second-year students was similar

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Kristina Riesco; Yuna Ukawa; Pauline Alfreh; Eman Abdelfattah

about the features used in the dataset. Theseexplored various methods, from behavioral to neurological features include age, gender, ethnicity, jaundice history,approaches, highlighting gaps in early diagnosis and autism diagnosis, country of residence, prior use of the app,personalized intervention plans. They also discussed the questionnaire results, age description (age range),importance of integrating AI-driven systems to enhance the relationship of the respondent to the participant, and theeffectiveness of ASD treatments. The authors emphasized class/target indicating whether the participant is at risk ofthat future research should focus on creating tailored having ASD. Each row

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Joseph P. Duszak; John F. Drazan; Cynthia A. Bautista

, no. 1, p. 2232134, Dec. 2023, doi: Joiner, “Case study of virtual reality sepsis 10.1080/10872981.2023.2232134. management- instructional design and ITEM [32] Z. Tacgin, “Immersive virtual reality as an action: outcomes,” J. Vis. Commun. Med., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. measuring approach and learning status of learners after 168–177, Jul. 2023, doi: planning myVOR.,” Educ. Media Int., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 10.1080/17453054.2023.2280611. 353–371, Dec. 2020, doi:[22] Y. Jeong, H. Lee, and J.-W. Han, “Development and 10.1080/09523987.2020.1848509. evaluation of virtual

Conference Session

Track 4: Technical Session 5: Impact of Generative AI Technologies on Blind and Visually Impaired Students: A Case Study

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Lance Leon Allen White, Texas A&M University; Sara Amani, Texas A&M University; Trini Sofia Balart, Texas A&M University; Amanda Kate Lacy; Gene Sung-Ho Kim, Stanford University; Gibin Raju, Texas A&M University; Karan Watson P.E., Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

PlansGene believes GenAI has improved his quality of life, particularly through Be My AI, whichoffers accessibility-focused image recognition. Currently, Gene collaborates with research groupsnationwide to further integrate GenAI into accessibility tools, and he plans to pursue graduatestudies to expand his work in this field. His vision is to develop GenAI solutions that can reliablysupport accessibility needs in educational and professional settings, bridging the existing gapsthat limit students like him and Amanda from fully engaging in STEM.Joint Hopes for the Future of GenAIThe research team encouraged Ann and Gene to reflect on their experiences with technology,both in their youth and as adults, to provide a comprehensive context for their

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Saeed Rokooei, Mississippi State University; George D Ford P.E., Mississippi State University; Read Allen Robertson, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

, more women are currently encouraged topursue construction as their professional fields. This study examines potential associationsbetween gender and students' motivations for joining the construction program, the obstaclesthey encounter, their expectations, and their future career plans. Data from all first, second, andthird-year students in the Building Construction Science (BCS) program at Mississippi StateUniversity were collected using a quantitative survey. The survey covered different aspects ofstudents’ experiences and decisions. The results showed that both male and female students wereattracted to the program because of job opportunities, relatively high salary, and the challengingnature of the program. However, there were some clear

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Sultan Al Shafian, Kennesaw State University; Da Hu, Kennesaw State University; Jayhyun Kwon P.E., Kennesaw State University; Adam Kaplan, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

visualization experience, allowing them to engage with spatial relationships andstructural details that are often challenging to interpret from traditional 2D plans alone. Thecombination of Unity and Vuforia enabled seamless overlay of 3D models onto physicaldrawings, enhancing both usability and engagement. The results of the post-session surveydemonstrate a positive response from participants, with the majority agreeing that the applicationimproved their comprehension of 2D to 3D conversions and facilitated a better grasp of spatialrelationships within the drawings. Participants also reported increased motivation andengagement, which are critical factors in effective learning. The high recommendation ratefurther suggests that this AR tool has

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida; Jack Cuilla, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

at international, national, and local professional meetings and conferences. Lastly, Najafi attends courses, seminars, and workshops and has developed courses, videos, and software packages during his career. Najafi has more than 300 refereed articles. His areas of specialization include transportation planning and management, legal aspects, construction contract administration, public works, and Renewable Energy.Mr. Jack Cuilla, University of Florida Jack Cuilla is a freshman in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Florida. His academic interests include renewable energy, solar technology, residential power systems, and energy conservation. He is particularly focused on gaining

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Frank Andrasik, The University of Memphis; Bashir Morshed, Texas Tech University; Robert W Hewitt Jr., The University of Memphis

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

ofbreakout rooms, personalized support, and hands-on activities in overcoming the inherentlimitations of online learning. Similarly, Chiang [3] demonstrated that online STEM camps couldsignificantly enhance students' self-efficacy and computational thinking when structured topromote active engagement and cross-disciplinary learning.Our coding camp was developed within this context, initially planned to launch as an in-personexperience in 2021. When the pandemic necessitated a shift to a virtual format, the campunderwent a series of adaptations aimed at preserving its interactive and experiential learningfocus. Drawing on insights from the literature, we implemented a student-centered approach thatleveraged small-group interactions, personalized

Conference Session

Curricular & Course Design

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel B Oerther P.E., Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

science education (i.e., [6]). Increasing this talent pool includes attracting andretaining populations of students who have been historically underrepresented in STEM (science,technology, engineering, and math) professions.One group of students who have been underrepresented include neurodivergent students, who areestimated to be as much as twenty percent of the population [7]. For many neurodivergentstudents an individualized education plan, or IEP, is required by the Individuals with DisabilityEducation Act (IDEA) for elementary and secondary education but not for higher education. Andfor those neurodivergent students who enroll in higher education, an individual accommodationplan, or IAP, is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS) Technical Session - Ethics in ML/AI

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annika Haughey, Duke University; Brian P. Mann, Duke University; Siobhan Oca, Duke University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)

development. It offers flexibility to includeadditional features or to modify the scoring algorithm to introduce more or less bias. Furthermore,it can be expanded to address biases against other demographics, such as age or race, making it avaluable tool for teaching the complexities of fairness in AI systems. This adaptability ensures thecase study remains relevant and impactful in diverse educational contexts.Future work will include assessing the learning impacts of the case study in a classroom setting.We plan to evaluate the effectiveness of this tool as a means of educating students on bias inmachine learning by implementing pre- and post-class surveys. These surveys will measurechanges in students’ understanding of key concepts, such as the

Conference Session

Preparing Future Chemical Engineers

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniela Galatro, University of Toronto; Sourojeet Chakraborty, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

, timemanagement, leadership, ethical principles, and interpersonal skills. In alignment withaccreditation requirements, we can visualize this mapping by adding components in core coursesthroughout the curriculum (e.g., assignments) and planning for or reinforcing dedicated courses(e.g., communication skills and machine learning within chemical process simulation). A designspine within our UG Chem Eng curriculum would require, therefore, a critical path of coursespreparing students for the capstone project, fed by technical and soft skills acquired in core andoptional courses, while adding assignments/projects in core and optional courses, for dedicatedunit operations and reaction systems. An example of implementing non-traditional technical skillsand

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 2

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University; Dimitrie C Popescu, Old Dominion University; Emanuel PUSCHITA

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

maps and to take measurements (before the session) of the received spectrum using their RTL-SDR or ADALM Pluto SDR devices from the neighboring cell towers, as discussed in the previous lab session. During the class, students compared their measurements taken on campus with the simulation results obtained running the MATLAB simulation and evaluated the accuracy of the implemented simulation scenario in terms of its use as a radio planning tool. The students were asked to work in mixed groups allowing students from one campus to compare simulated results with actual campus measurements taken by their partners located in the other campus. Figure 6. Simulated Received Power for the

Conference Session

Informal Education and Outreach Programs for Women Engineering Students

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elyse K. Zurawski, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Suzanne Zurn-Birkhimer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Mayari I. Serrano, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Lavanya Swaminathan, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering Division (WIED)

satisfaction between Surveys One and Two, which canalso be further investigated through follow-up surveys.There is the possibility of gathering personality types based on a different scale (i.e., Myers-Briggs,DISC assessment). However, the current application that the authors use to register participantsin the mentoring program is extensive, so adding a long personality test may deter students fromregistering for the program.After an extensive search, the authors concluded that prior research on factors and/or methodolo-gies used to intentionally match a mentee with a mentor is sparse, particularly for undergraduatepeer mentoring. We plan to continue this area of research to elevate the undergraduate peer mentor-mentee pairing process, specifically

Conference Session

GSD 7: Innovative Graduate Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yunus Doğan Telliel, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Matthew James Lydon, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

became an aspiration. The aspirationalcommitment to CR made them more aware of systemic limitations within higher education. Hereis a student articulating that kind of critique: It's really hard to make some research to be convergent... You need a lot of time and planning and you need to be inspired by [the research] you actually want to work on...[The] majority of professors... Not just professors. All of us ... have tasks, [and] we want to finish [them], and that's it. But, I feel like a lot of, uh, professors are not ... engaged to make something convergent. They just want to fill a task that is [determined] by NSF or whoever else.Engaging with destabilizing feedback in CR can be discomforting and

Conference Session

ENT-7: Approaches to Fostering Self-Efficacy and Data-Driven Decision Making

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigail Tubbs, University of North Dakota; Mercedes Terry, University of North Dakota; Brandon Fugger, University of North Dakota; Blair Dupre, University of North Dakota; Enrique Alvarez Vazquez, University of North Dakota; Ryan Striker P.E., University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)

Student Outcomes in an Innovation-Based Learning Course,” presented at the 2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access, Jul. 2021. Accessed: Jan. 12, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://peer.asee.org/innovating-assessment-using-innovative-impact-as-a- metric-to-evaluate-student-outcomes-in-an-innovation-based-learning-course[7] A. R. R. Relente and E. P. S. Capistrano, “Innovation self-efficacy, theory of planned behavior, and entrepreneurial intentions: The perspective of young Filipinos,” Asia Pacific Management Review, p. 100350, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.apmrv.2024.100350.[8] L. Singelmann, E. Alvarez, E. Swartz, M. Pearson, R. Striker, and D. Ewert, “Innovators, Learners, and Surveyors: Clustering Students in an