Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Curriculum Design and Evaluation

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan M Lord, University of San Diego; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University; Jeffrey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University; Euan Lindsay, Charles Sturt University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

of the ASEE and IEEE.Dr. Jeffrey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University Dr. Jeffrey E. Froyd is a TEES Research Professor in the Office of Engineering Academic and Student Affairs at Texas A&M University, College Station. He received the B.S. degree in mathematics from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. He was an Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. At Rose-Hulman, he co-created the Integrated, First-Year Curriculum in Science, Engineering and Mathematics, which was recognized in 1997 with a Hesburgh Award

Conference Session

Graduate Education Model, Industry and Practitioner Experience - Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chi-Ning Chang, Texas A&M University, Department of Educational Psychology; Brandie Semma, Texas A&M University; Debra A. Fowler, Texas A&M University; Raymundo Arroyave, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Arroyave, Texas A&M University Dr. Arroyave is an Associate Professor with the department of Materials Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University. He received his Ph. D. degree in Materials Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His teaching interests include undergraduate courses on materials science and numerical methods and graduate courses on thermodynamics and kinetics of materials. He has more than 100 publications on the general field of computational thermodynamics and kinetics of materials, 20 conference proceedings (including papers on engineering education) and more than 120 conference presentations and 50 invited talks. c American Society for

Conference Session

Postcard Session: Experiential Learning as a High-Impact Student Experience

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Schultz, Brigham Young University; Aaron R. Hawkins, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

Paper ID #21173Intensive Mentoring and Micro-Electronics Research for Students in Engi-neering (IMMERSE)Prof. Stephen Schultz, Brigham Young University Stephen M. Schultz has received B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, in 1992 and 1994, respectively. He received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, in 1999. He worked at Raytheon Missile Systems from 1999-2001. He has taught at Brigham Young University since 2002 and is currently a Full Professor. He has authored or coauthored over 100 publications and holds 10 patents

Conference Session

Design Thinking and Creativity

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne Eyerman, Fairhaven Research and Evaluation; Sarah Hug, University of Colorado, Boulder; Emily McLeod; Tania Tauer, Techbridge Girls

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

University and her Ph.D. in Education from the University of Colorado, Boulder. Her research interests are in the areas of girls’ and women’s identities in STEM fields, engineering and computer science in K-12 education, and iteration.Dr. Sarah Hug, University of Colorado, Boulder Dr. Sarah Hug is Research Associate at the Alliance for Technology, Learning, and Society (ATLAS) Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder. Dr. Hug earned her PhD in Educational Psychology at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Her research and evaluation efforts focus on learning science, tech- nology, engineering, and mathematics, with a special interest in communities of practice, creativity, and experiences of underrepresented groups in

Conference Session

Works in Progress I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Lei Xie, Texas A&M University; Michael Beyerlein, Texas A&M University; Rodney Boehm, Texas A&M University; Jill Zarestky, Colorado State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #23361 Currently he is using his technical business experiences to develop and run innovation and entrepreneurial programs for the Engineering Innovation Center, a 20,000 sq ft rapid prototyping facility. These in- clude Aggies Invent, TAMU iSITE, Inventeer, and Pop Up Classes. In addition, he mentors multiple entrepreneurial teams. Formerly he was a Senior Vice President of Fujitsu Network Communications, headquartered in Richard- son, Texas. With over 30 years of experience in telecommunications, Rodney was responsible for de- veloping partnerships with leading network technology providers and driving marketing efforts for op- tical, access and data products developed by Fujitsu. Rodney was Chairman of

Conference Session

Programmatic Integration of Liberal Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michael Oudshoorn, High Point University; Claire Lynne McCullough P.E., High Point University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

engineering from Van- derbilt, Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of Tennessee, respectively, and is a registered professional engineer in the state of Alabama. She is a member of I.E.E.E., Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Eta Kappa Nu. She is currently Professor and Founding Chair of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the High Point University, and teaches courses in such areas as Engineering Ethics, Controls, and En- gineering Design. Dr. McCullough has over 30 years’ experience in engineering practice and education, including industrial experience at the Tennessee Valley Authority and the US Army Space and Missile Defense Command. Her research interests include Image and Data Fusion, Automatic Target

Conference Session

Ethical and Global Concerns

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ellen Lynch, Australian National University; Jeremy Ingle Smith, Australian National University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

disasterassessments of infrastructure, establishing emergency relief camps including temporary shelter,energy and water, developing appropriate technologies, and providing sustainable and reliableaccess to improved health, economic opportunity and security [1]–[3]. Such efforts currentlyalign with internationally recognised frameworks including the Sphere Handbook, Charter andStandards, for short-term humanitarian response [4], the Sendai Framework, for disasterpreparedness [5], and the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),focusing on long-term development [6].This dedicated role for engineering began to be documented in the 1970’s, through work such asSmall is Beautiful [7], which captured concepts such as appropriate technology, and the

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Tech Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert W. Whalin PE, Jackson State University; Qing Pang, Jackson State University

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

Paper ID #5985Coastal, Ocean and Marine Engineering Graduate Education: A 2012 HealthAssessmentDr. Robert W. Whalin PE, Jackson State University Robert W. Whalin, Ph.D., PE is Professor of Civil Engineering, and Director, Center of Excellence for Natural Disasters, Coastal Infrastructure and Emergency Management, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Jackson State University. He is Director Emeritus of the Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. He received his Ph.D. in Oceanography from Texas A&M University in 1971 and is a Registered Professional Engineer. Dr. Whalin was Director of Army

Conference Session

Engineering Education in India, the Far East, and Central Asia

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junqiu Wang, Purdue University; Nathan McNeill, Purdue University; Sensen Li, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

in the mid-1800s. In this paper, wefocus especially on three higher education institutions founded during the late Qing dynasty inthe latter half of the 19th century that played important roles in the formation of modern Chineseengineering education.The account that follows is a historical narrative describing the conditions that led to theadoption of modern, Western style engineering education in China. This paper is based uponboth primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include reprints of archival documentsfrom the institutions discussed in this paper. Secondary sources include books written in Englishand published by university affiliated publishing houses.Pre-modern “engineering education”China has had a strong technological

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Douglas Coffin; Catherine Almquist; Amit Shukla; Michael Bailey-Van Kuren; James Kiper; Christine Noble

reflect and act.) Develop a supportive relationship with students; challenge them to learn inside and outside the classroom. Encourage yourself and students to take risks and try out new ideas and challenges. Partner with others on campus to deepen students’ learning.Motivation and Objectives According to various studies [5, 6, 7, 8] including the Boyer Commission [9] and NSFEngineering Coalitions [10, 11, 12, 13], the engineers of the future must be well trained bymaking: 1. research-based learning a standard 2. an inquiry-based first-year 3. creative use of information technology 4. a multi-disciplinary capstone for integrating, broadening and deepening the total experience of the majorThese

Conference Session

Project Based Education in CE

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Shashi Nambisan

Session 2215 A Team Oriented, Case-based Approach for a Transportation Engineering Course Shashi S. Nambisan, Ph.D, P.E. Professor of Civil Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas NV 89154-4015 Tel: (702) 895-1325, fax (702) 895-4401, E-mail: shashi@ce.unlv.eduAbstract Teamwork and the ability to work with contemporary and emerging technologies thatfacilitate collaboration are critical to the engineering profession today. Team oriented, case

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Paul Blowers

most technological advances, though, there are several negatives associated with on-line learning tools. From an instructor's point of view, Web-based educational materials take along time to develop and implement. Secondly, very few engineering professors are proficient atusing computer software to generate robust educational materials. To avoid having to becomecapable users of the new computer technologies, many of us often resort to using technologiesthat are easier to use, but may be less useful for students. An example of this is the use of"talking head" boxes on Websites where students can watch lecture materials that werepreviously presented in class. While it may be useful for students to be able to review lecturematerials in this

Conference Session

Student Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindset II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory W. Davis, Kettering University; Craig J. Hoff, Kettering University; William J. Riffe, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

the professional level of SAE, serving as a Director on the SAE Board of Directors (term, 2007-2010), a past Director of the Publications Board, and Past-Chair of the Engineering Education Board. He is also active in numerous committees. Greg joined the faculty at Kettering after serving on the faculties of the U.S. Naval Academy and Lawrence Technological University. He received his doctorate in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1991. Prior to this, he worked as an engineer for both the automotive and electric utility industries. Dr. Davis is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Michigan.Craig J. Hoff, Kettering University Dr. Craig J. Hoff is a Professor of Mechanical

Conference Session

Mechanical ET Design & Capstone

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Emin Yilmaz; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri

Session 3649 ENGINE AND DYNAMOMETER SYSTEM SERVICE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION MEASUREMENTS Emin Yılmaz Department of Technology University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne, MD 21853 (410)651-6470 E-mail: eyilmaz@mail.umes.eduAbstractThe goal of the “ETME 499-Independent Research in Mechanical Engineering Technology”course is to introduce students to designing, manufacturing

Conference Session

Unique Laboratory Experiments & Programs

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Emin Yilmaz; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri

Session 2756 USE OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE TESTING AS A LABORATORY EXPERIMENT Emin Yılmaz Department of Technology University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne, MD 21853 (410)651-6470 E-mail: eyilmaz@mail.umes.eduAbstractThe goal of the “ETME 499-Independent Research in Mechanical Engineering Technology”course is to introduce students to designing, manufacturing, upgrading, repairing and

Conference Session

Design Teamwork

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junichi Kanai, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Mark Anderson, Rensselaer

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #7960Redmine as a Web-Based Collaboration Tool in Engineering Design CoursesProf. Junichi Kanai, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Junichi Kanai received a B.S. in EE, and a Master of Engineering and a Ph.D. in CSE from RPI (Rensse- laer Polytechnic Institute) in 1983, 1985, and 1990, respectively. He was an Assistant Research Professor at the Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, from 1990 to 1997. Dr. Kanai joined Panasonic Information and Networking Technologies Lab in Princeton, NJ in 1998. He was a senior scientist developing and transferring new technologies to Panasonic

Conference Session

The Best of Computers in Education

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shameel Abdulla, Texas A&M University, Qatar; Yasser M. Al Hamidi, Texas A&M University, Qatar; Marwan Khraisheh, Texas A&M University, Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

Paper ID #37941Creating and Implementing a Custom Chatbot in Engineering EducationMr. Shameel Abdulla, Texas A&M University, Qatar Shameel Abdulla is currently working as a Technical Laboratory Coordinator in the Mechanical Engineer- ing Program at Texas A&M University at Qatar. He joined the MEEN program in December 2012. He is responsible for coordinating experiments in the Controls and Measurements labs. Shameel’s professional interests include Product Design, Control System Design, and Mechatronics. He is a former student at Texas A&M University at Qatar.Dr. Yasser M. Al Hamidi, Texas A&M University

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Gary P. Halada; Nancy McCoy Wozniak

provided a high level of mentorship and direction. With the Index Terms—Eporfolios, internship, experiential learning, growth of engineering, technology, manufacturing (and manyassessment, ABET other areas) with industrialization, urbanization, modern warfare, and needs of large populations, academic programs I. INTRODUCTION were designed to rapidly provide engineers in large numbers. A. Experiential learning and assessment challenges Unfortunately, this reduced the opportunity for direct

Conference Session

Technical Session M4C

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Clodagh Reid, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest; Sheryl A. Sorby, University of Cincinnati; Gibin Raju, University of Cincinnati; Niall Seery, Technological University of the Shannon

Tagged Topics

Workshops

Workshop: Introduction to Adaptive Comparative Judgement: A Holistic Assessment tool for Design Problems Clodagh Reid1, Sheryl A. Sorby2, Gibin Raju2, Niall Seery1 1 Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Technological University of the Shannon 2 Department of Engineering Education, University of CincinnatiAbstractThis workshop is an interactive session where participants will experience an excitingapproach for holistically assessing design problems, Adaptive Comparative Judgement(ACJ). ACJ is an adaptive software tool that can be used by students and faculty to assessstudents’ work holistically and reliably. This tool can be used to reduce the grading

Conference Session

Study Abroad, International Exchange Programs, and Student Engagements

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donal McHale, Dublin Institute of Technology; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brian Bowe, Dublin Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2011-1347: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF GAINSFROM UNDERGRADUATE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS:THE TALE OF ATLANTISDonal McHale, Dublin Institute of Technology Donal McHale is an academic staff member in the College of Engineering and Build Environment at the Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin Ireland. Donal’s background includes sixteen years in transna- tional Engineering and Engineering management roles in the mass-media products sector. Holder of an MBA and BE from the National University of Ireland, he is co-principal investigator of a Transatlantic Dual Masters Degree project (STiMasters) and a Excellence in Mobility project (DETECT), both four- year projects funded by the Atlantis

Conference Session

Modeling, Inquiry, Engineering Literacy & Argumentation

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanner J. Huffman, College of New Jersey; Greg J. Strimel, Purdue Polytechnic Institute; Michael Grubbs, Baltimore County Public Schools

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Paper ID #21953Determining the Engineering Knowledge Dimension: What all High SchoolStudents Should Know to be Engineering Literate (Fundamental)Dr. Tanner J. Huffman, College of New Jersey Tanner Huffman is an assistant professor in the Department of Integrative STEM Education, School of En- gineering at The College of New Jersey (TCNJ). Before joining the faculty at TCNJ, Dr. Huffman was the Director of Research, Assessment and Special Projects at the International Technology and Engineering Educators Association (ITEEA). While at ITEEA, he secured funding from the National Science Foun- dation, the Kuwait Foundation for

Collection

2023 IL-IN Section Conference

Authors

Sinan Onal

potential risks and developing strategies andpolicies to ensure ChatGPT is used as a supplement, not a replacement, for traditional teaching methods.Keywords“ChatGPT”, “engineering education”, “teaching strategies”, “technology in engineering education”,“faculty paper”1. Introduction The use of online and digital learning platforms has become increasingly prevalent in highereducation to increase access and flexibility for students [2]. This has led to the development of new toolsand technologies, such as AI-powered chatbots and virtual reality simulations, which can be used toenhance teaching and learning in a number of ways, including by providing personalized learningmaterials, interactive exercises and assessments, and instant feedback and

Conference Session

PCEE Session 13: Equity in P-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Cunningham, Pennsylvania State University; Gregory Kelly, Pennsylvania State University

effective engineering education to bring about change incurricula, programs, pedagogy, and assessment.Theoretical study of professional engineering across settingsOur first analysis includes extensive consideration of the research on professional engineeringpractice across settings (summarized in [6, 7, 28, 14]). The empirical study of engineering byscholars in science and technology studies has provided insights into the inner workings ofengineering as it is practiced [29–32]. For example, Hitting the Brakes [30] detailed the waysthat engineers worked together, under technical, financial, and societal constraints to design andmake operational antilock braking systems for automobiles. Drawing from an extensive reviewof literature about engineering

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3: Education Track

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Southern University; Alexandru Belu; Zhengmao Ye, Southern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

developing countries and may change the socio-economic structure of countrieswhere the population general wellbeing has been taken for granted. Power and energy industriesare going through evolutionary periods, while technologies are changing the way the electricityis generated, transmitted, delivered and used, with new applications in the forefront. Workforcedemands in power industries are evolving with new and extended expectations and requirements.In order to be a successful proficient power engineer in the 21st century, one must have multipleskills in cross disciplinary areas. The industry is demanding engineering education to broaden inareas such as computing, networking, control, power electronics, data analytics, along withinformation

Conference Session

Making in Design Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kate Youmans, Colorado School of Mines; Idalis Villanueva Alarcón, University of Florida; Jana Bouwma-Gearhart, Oregon State University; Louis Nadelson, University of Central Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

’ 21st century skills such as collaboration and problem solving.Idalis Villanueva, University of Florida Dr. Villanueva is an Associate Professor in the Engineering Education Department at the University of Florida. Her multiple roles as an engineer, engineering educator, engineering educational researcher, and professional development mentor for underrepresented populations has aided her in the design and integration of educational and physiological technologies to research ’best practices’ for student profes- sional development and training. In addition, she is developing methodologies around hidden curriculum, academic emotions and physiology, and engineering makerspaces.Dr. Jana Bouwma-Gearhart, Oregon State

Conference Session

K-5 Teacher Transformation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

K. Anna Douglas, Purdue University; Daphne Duncan Wiles, Purdue University, West Lafayette; So Yoon Yoon, INSPIRE, School of Engineering Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

outcomes are still in process for a larger case study, the current study will focusresearch questions on the first two-years of implementation: (1) What were teachers’ perceptionsabout the value of teaching engineering to elementary students? (2) What type of in-schoolsupport did teachers receive to teach engineering to elementary students? (3) How did teachersimplement engineering into their elementary classes? (4) What were the changes in students’science, technology and engineering knowledge? (5) What were the changes in students’engineering identity development?II. Teacher Professional Development Literature ReviewThe literature on TPD is somewhat nuanced in terms of when it is effective.5 There are severalmodels and approaches to training

Conference Session

Case Studies, Engineering Education and Outcome Assessment Around the Globe

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan Baker, The University of Vermont; John Merrill, The Ohio State University; David Munoz, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

International

University John A. Merrill is the Director for the First-Year Engineering Program at The Ohio State University College of Engineering. His responsibilities include operations, faculty and graduate student recruiting, curriculum management, student retention, and program assessment. Dr. Merrill received his Ph.D. in Instructional Design and Technology from The Ohio State University in 1985, and is a two-time recipient of the College of Engineering’s Boyer Award for Excellence in Teaching.David Munoz, Colorado School of Mines Associate Professor, Division of Engineering, and Director of Humanitarian Engineering at Colorado School of Mines (CSM). He also holds the Ph.D. and MSME degrees from

Conference Session

Assessing Hard-to-Measure Constructs in Engineering Education: Assessment Design and Validation Studies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Madison E. Andrews, University of Texas at Austin; Priyadarshan N. Patil, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

the Center for Transportation Research at the University of Texas at Austin. Priyadarshan received his B.Tech. in Civil Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Madras in 2015. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 A Systematic Review of Argument Assessment Frameworks in Engineering EducationABSTRACT:Argumentation, the process in which students construct spoken or written arguments to articulateand justify claims or explanations, has been well-studied in the context of mathematics andscience education. Engineering has not received the same treatment, as very few studies assessthe quality and nature of arguments in

Conference Session

Professional Practice and AEC Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Dupuis, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Benjamin Thompson, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Lawrence Bank, University of Wisconsin - Madison; John Herridge, Autodesk

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

elective course in Building Information Modeling (BIM) toundergraduate (and a few graduate) students in the Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE)Department. The course was added to the spring timetable late in November 2006 as a specialtopics “experimental” offering to gage the student interest in this technology and to introduce thetopic on a trial basis into the CEE curriculum. Since the course was added late to the previouslypublished timetable for the Spring semester the course was advertised by email to CEE studentsonly in early December of 2006 as a limited enrollment course for 20 students. Prior toadvertising the course the department had not explicitly discussed BIM with students in formalcourses in the department. Student response to

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Wischow, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Lynn Bryan, Purdue University; Shanna Daly, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

post-tests covering conceptual information, and researcher field noteswere used as the primary sources of data. From these data, themes were identified, and actionswere taken to address each of these feedback themes to better correspond to the learning goalsidentified for the lesson.IntroductionThe face of science, engineering, and technology is rapidly changing. The biggest trends are alsothe smallest, as nano-scale phenomena prove to be more and more important in a wide range ofapplications. However, we still have yet to include these nano-scale phenomena in oursecondary science curricula, leaving students unprepared to enter important careers innanoscience, engineering, and technology.Professional development efforts are one way to combat