Conference Session

Capstones and Economics

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Peter W. Pachowicz, George Mason University; Monson Hayes; Andre Z. Manitius, George Mason University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

improve the presentation skills of each team member, and gives thempractice in formal presentations, a skill that will be very important for them as the progress throughtheir career. Finally, give recognition to best projects by giving students an award in the form ofa plaque that they can display in their office.References 1 J.V. Farr, M.A. Lee, R.A. Metro, J. P. Sutton “Using a Systematic Engineering Design Process to Conduct Undergraduate Engineering Management Capstone Projects”, J. Eng. Educ., V. No 4 April 2001, 193-197. 2 P.M. Griffin, S. O. Griffin, D.C. Llewellyn “The Impact of Group Size and Project Duration on Capstone Design”, J. Eng. Educ,. V 93. No. 3, July 2004, p. 185-193.Peter W

Conference Session

First Year and Cross-Disciplinary

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Karen Dinora Martinez Soto, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

. Homero’s goal is to develop engineering education practices that value the capital that traditionally marginalized students bring into the field and to train graduate students and faculty members with the tools to promote effec- tive and inclusive learning environments and mentorship practices. Homero aspires to change discourses around broadening participation in engineering and promoting action to change. Homero has been rec- ognized as a Diggs Teaching Scholar, a Graduate Academy for Teaching Excellence Fellow, a Global Perspectives Fellow, a Diversity Scholar, a Fulbright Scholar, a recipient of the NSF CAREER award, and was inducted into the Bouchet Honor Society. Homero serves as the American Society for

Collection

2023 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Austin Hayes; Vani Sundaram; Graham Williams; Shreya Venkatesh; Claire Isenhart; Antonio Yervez; Celesse Myles; Vera Sebulsky; Kaushik Jayaram; Marina Vance; Gregory Whiting

engineer does accompanied by an overall enjoyment of the classroomand fair portions of the Triple E Initiative. As many of the students were from a traditionallyunderrepresented group in STEM, this response was encouraging for future outreach efforts. Italso supported previous research and our expectations that placement of role models from similarbackgrounds positively influenced student perspectives on career paths and overall interest inSTEM. Student feedback supported the quantitative survey results, suggesting that studentsidentified paths to success in engineering and demonstrate critical thinking in their engagementwith the fair’s exhibits.References [1] Aida Guerra, Ronald Ulseth, and Anette Kolmos. PBL in engineering education

Collection

2023 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Cortney Holles; Cynthia James; Roel Snieder; Qin Zhu

STEM fields are aware of the value of characterdevelopment for students’ lifelong learning and career success, their capacities are constrainedby the limited space in the curriculum left for “non-technical” content and/or their lack oftraining for integrating character development into the curriculum.The importance of bringing love to the classroom or implementing a “loving pedagogy” has beenpreviously highlighted in the higher education literature, such as in Yin, et al [3], DeLong [4],and Su [5], and attributes of love in the classroom have been described by Loreman [6] andDennis [7]. Nevertheless, the justification for and strategies to enact a loving pedagogy is rarelymentioned in STEM higher education. Our project aims to develop a

Conference Session

S6B: Full Papers - One Size Does Not Fit All

Collection

14th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference

Authors

Djedjiga Belfadel, Fairfield University; Isaac Macwan, Fairfield University; John F Drazan, Fairfield University

Tagged Topics

Full Papers

presentation about something we've created and give a pitch about it, as it is something that a lot of us will be doing throughout our careers. 6. ConclusionThis paper delves into an approach to engaging first-year engineering students through a combination ofteam-based design projects, peer-review strategies, and a service-learning approach. By incorporating theTeam Design Project and numerous mini projects into the curriculum, we have successfully facilitated adynamic and interactive learning environment that emphasizes key principles of engineering design,teamwork, and project management. The survey results revealed substantial student appreciation for theteam-based design project and brought to light potential areas for further

Conference Session

S6A: Full Papers - Out with the Old, In with the New

Collection

14th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference

Authors

Joshua Eron Stone, University of Maryland - A. James Clark School of Engineering - Keystone Program; Forrest Milner; Sophie Roberts-Weigert

Tagged Topics

Full Papers

engineeringstudents, with approximately 1,000 students taking the course each year. The course consists ofan intensive semester-long collaborative project where teams of eight students construct anautonomous over-terrain vehicle (OTV) from scratch. The aim of the course is to give students awide variety of foundational skills and knowledge that will be useful throughout the rest of theirengineering career, including 3D modeling, prototyping, manufacturing, troubleshooting, projectmanagement, coding, electronics, and teamwork. Each team of eight is assigned a differentoverarching mission that involves both sensing and actuation. The five existing missions include1) water sampling (testing for pollution and/or salinity), 2) data collection (measuring

Conference Session

CPDD Technical Session 2 - Trends in Student and Faculty Support

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell Springer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Kathryne Newton, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

directly to the premise forsustainability and growth of a given business/industry [8], [9].The Student Need –Professional adult learner students of a Doctorate in Technology would pursue a terminal degreetargeting use-inspired and pure-applied knowledge for one or both of two reasons: (1) to betterserve the needs of their respective organizations and ultimately their end users/customers, and/or(2) to advance their careers either within their current organizations or another as opportunitiesexists.Additionally, there is a growing recognition, as documented in the literature, that higher levels ofeducation are required to gain fruitful employment that once required a lesser educational skillset. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, roughly

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy Division Technical Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Siqing Wei, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Matthew Ohland, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Lina Zheng, Beihang University

, including data science and big data techniques, robotic engineering, aerospacecontrol, and informatics engineering, GIS, material design science and engineering, etc. [1]. Asan experimental exploration in the effective talent development plan, the software engineeringprogram was chosen and later demonstrated an effective pathway to train urgently neededengineering graduates with reformation on faculty career development mechanism and school-industry collaboration mode [1].Policy Description Although China made efforts in earlier exploration in improving engineering education,more systematic work is needed to advance engineering education to a world-class level. Afterexamining Chinese context and experience and drawing lessons from

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session: New and Innovative Technologies in Aerospace

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dustin Birch, Weber State University

of the project wasanswered by the survey recipients. A total of nine students responded to the survey. Scoring of thesurvey is a standard Likert scale where 0 would correlate to a strong disagreement to a particularquestion, and a 4 would correlate to a strong agreement to a particular question. A score of 2 wouldindicate a neutral opinion. A summary of all survey respondents to the survey is presented in Table 1. 12 Table 2 – Student Survey Likert Scale ResultsIt also interesting to note that two of the former team members moved on into career positions in theaerospace industry. A current team member (2021

Conference Session

Miscellaneous Mechanics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devin Berg, University of Wisconsin - Stout; Anne Schmitz, University of Wisconsin - Stout

apply or relateto the experiences of students at polytechnic institutions, where a hands-on approach is oftenspecifically prescribed as part of the institutional culture. However, we did find one study whichaddressed the use of a flipped classroom from a polytechnic perspective and reported that theflipped classroom provided more time for hands-on experiences, but that this increased time didnot lead to a more positive student experience or significantly improved performance [20].Our institution carries a “polytechnic” designation. The institution’s interpretation of thatdesignation has been to promote a “hands-on, minds-on” style of pedagogy. Specifically, thisstyle emphasizes career-focused or hands-on experiential learning and a laboratory

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin Ingram, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Jennifer Keshwani, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Deepak Keshwani, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Conner Lunn; JORDAN BINFIELD

Paper ID #36622Prairie Protector: Systems thinking and STEM-informeddecision-making in agroecosystems through game-basedlearningErin Ingram (Dr.) Erin Ingram is a science literacy and community engagement coordinator interested in designing K-12 STEM learning experiences and educator professional development for use in formal and informal education settings.Jennifer Keshwani (Associate Professor) I am a biomedical engineer by training that has built a career in science literacy and STEM education. My position combines my technical background with my strengths as an includer and curious explorer. I am constantly

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dominic Halsmer, Oral Roberts University; Hallett Hullinger, Oral Roberts University; Josiah Kesler, Oral Roberts University; Colin Sheehan, Oral Roberts University

-related Lab Experiments to Train Future K-12 Educators in Renewable Energy (Work in Progress)Abstract In an effort to motivate more youths from the USA to pursue a career in engineering,education accreditation agencies have recently emphasized the need to bring more engineering-related content into the K-12 classroom. The School of Engineering and the College ofEducation at Oral Roberts University are collaborating on a project to assist in meeting this goal.A general education course (taken by education majors) consisting of earth science laboratoryexperiments is being modified to include new experiments on how engineers attempt to makegood use of earth resources. Engineering students

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Muskin, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Jessica Perez, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

a process. This approach also effectively introduces students to STEMand prepares them for more focused and extensive research in the future.REFERENCES[1] Committee on STEM Education, “Charting a Course for Success: America’s Strategy for STEM Education,” National Science and Technology Council, p. 48, 2018.[2] J. A. Kitchen, G. Sonnert, and P. M. Sadler, “The impact of college- and university-run high school summer programs on students’ end of high school STEM career aspirations,” Science Education, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 529–547, 2018, doi: 10.1002/sce.21332.[3] S. A. Barab and K. E. Hay, “Doing science at the elbows of experts: Issues related to the science apprenticeship camp,” Journal of research in science teaching, vol

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session - Assessment/Evaluation

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Altmann, Virginia Military Institute; Jon-michael Hardin, Virginia Military Institute

(SAE) team. The purpose of the course is to: 1) provide students with access to a faculty mentorthat can provide automotive engineering expertise, 2) compensate students participating on theteam with GPA hours, and 3) motivate students to participate on a competition team early intheir academic career. Throughout the semester, students are educated on common design,analysis, and testing procedures used to build the Baja SAE car. In addition, connectionsbetween the theory and homework assignments students are currently completing in their courses(e.g., Statics, Solid Mechanics, Instrumentation, Dynamics, and Machine Design) and thephysical application of the material in a hands-on project are made. Presently, the integration ofthis course into

Conference Session

Labs and Demonstrations in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lucas Landherr, Northeastern University; Courtney Pfluger, Northeastern University

, the main deliverables for the project from each group were to conducta ten-minute presentation to the instructor on the proposed control system, safety, and thesimulation analysis, as well as a report providing explanations for all the intermediate stepspreviously listed. After the presentation, the instructor would ask a few short questions dependingon any concerns with the designed system and its performance, before concluding by askingstudents about any major practical takeaways that the project had provided them that mightinfluence their engineering and professional approaches in their careers after graduation.Throughout each iteration of the project, the open-ended nature was apparent based on the rangeof choices groups could make or

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Mechanics Applied and the Best in Five... Get Ready!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Yamin, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Khosrow Ebrahimi; Kevin Schull, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Transfer, Applied Thermodynamics, Thermal Systems Design, Thermal-Fluid Experimentation, and HVAC Design. Before joining MNSU Mankato, he worked for one year as a full-time lecturer at Boise State University (BSU). He taught Dynamics, Kinematics & Machine Dynamics, and Heat Transfer during his career at BSU. In addition to the teaching experiences outlined above, Khosrow taught System Dynamics and Control I & II, Machine Design, and Thermal-Fluids Science in his previous position as an instructor at Rowan University. He also instructed a graduate course on Computational Fluid Mechanics in Mechanical Engineering Department at Villanova University in the spring semester of 2017. Dr. Ebrahimi obtained his Ph.D. in

Conference Session

Computers in Education 7 - Modulus 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chelsea Gordon, zyBooks, A Wiley Brand; Roman Lysecky, The University of Arizona; Frank Vahid, University of California, Riverside

simpler more-intuitive syntax, dynamic typing of variables, and simplerinstallation and execution (interpreted vs compile+run). Additional reasons include theavailability of graphics and other libraries that quickly enable more powerful programs,increased motivation due to commercial popularity, and the usefulness of Python for dataanalysis in one's future career (especially for students only taking one CS course). [8]Evidence supporting the smoother learning curve is scarce, with many supporting argumentsbeing anecdotal. This scarcity is in part due to the many confounding factors that are typicallyintroduced when switching from one language to another, including different textbooks, courseorganization, programming environments, and programming

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yilmaz Hatipkarasulu, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Guntulu Hatipkarasulu

technology (CIP 15), engineering (CIP 14), orbusiness (CIP 52).ASSOCIATE-LEVEL COURSE OFFERINGSAs a part of the workforce development and college/career readiness efforts, Texas incorporatesthe curriculum, as presented in Table 5, for the construction management program of study underthe Associate of Applied Science (AAS) degrees [20]. COURSE TITLE COURSE NUMBER Residential and Light Commercial Blueprint Reading CNBT 1300/1400 Construction Methods and Materials I CNBT 1311/1411 Mechanical, Plumbing & Electrical Systems in Construction I CNBT 1302/1402 Project Scheduling CNBT 1359/1459 OSHA Regulations - Construction

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 4: Bring Your Own Experiment (BYOE)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Talal Gamadi; Marshall Watson, Texas Tech University

, Texas Tech University. Dr. Marshall is an associate professor and the head of the Bob L. HerdDepartment of petroleum engineering at Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.AbstractThe world needs young engineers who are skillful and enthusiastic about science and who view engineering as theirfuture career field. Historically, engineering educators have adopted traditional verbal learning while interest in visuallearning has lagged behind. As a result, recently, more visualization models and high-performance computing labshave been used in teaching future young engineers. This paper presents five visualization models, incorporated intothe petroleum engineering department curriculum, used to advance students’ understanding of petroleum

Conference Session

ERM: Teamwork makes the dream work!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pierre-Philippe Ouimet, University of Regina; Ying Cao, Drury University; Tong Wan, Westminster College

themselves in order tostrengthen their learning habits and lead them to asuccessful career in STEM fields. Figure 1: Layout of the IMPRESS classroom [9]. Students (purpleThe IMPRESS classroom layout is shown in Figure 1. circles) sit at the five tables withStudent groups of 3 or 4 sit at each table, where a camera cameras (blue cameras), the table onis installed to record video data. The IMPRESS programhas generated about a thousand hours of video data thatwe can use for our analysis. We are interested in using this data to characterize and explorefeatures of student group self-regulation during this program.We would like to point out that

Conference Session

PCEE Session 3: Robotics and Design Competitions

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; Jason McKenna, VEX Robotics; Lauren Harter, VEX Robotics

educationalsetting.Finding Affordable Reconfigurable and Scalable Robotic Systems for Educational SettingsAs technology advances, more and more students are becoming interested in robotics as a career.Robotics can also spark student interest in the science and mathematical fields, as well as givestudents the opportunity to practice problem solving and logical thinking2. However, there arelimitations to bringing industrial robots into an educational setting to prepare these students to besuccessful in a manufacturing career. It is costly to not only purchase, but also costly to maintaina working robotic arm. These cost issues can limit the number of robots that the students caninteract with and consequently, limit the amount of student independent hands-on

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Mejia, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Alberto Esquinca, San Diego State University

expansive understanding of engineering in sociocultural contexts, the impact of critical consciousness in engineering practice, and the development and implementation of culturally responsive pedagogies in engineering education. He received the NSF CAREER Award for his work on conocimiento in engineering spaces.Alberto Esquinca (Dr.) Alberto Esquinca is a professor of bilingual education at San Diego State University. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Coaching Teachers to Support STEAM in a Middle School Community of Practice (Work in Progress)AbstractThis work in progress

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaitlin Tyler, ANSYS - Granta Education Division; Nicola Stefani, ANSYS - Granta Education Division; Lakshana Mohee, ANSYS - Granta Education Division

during the design process. How do we as educators emphasize the importanceof including materials selection during the simulation prototyping phase when both topics can bequite challenging for students?We in the Ansys Academic Development Team understand how critical it is to showcase the powerof this combination to students during their undergraduate engineering and design degrees, so thatthey are prepared for their careers. Both simulation and materials selection benefit from real worldexamples within the classroom, allowing students to connect their previous understanding to thenew topics being shown. With these two factors in mind, we are creating case studies showcasinghow materials selection, using the Ashby materials selection methodology

Conference Session

Session 3 - Track 4: Dispelling the Monolith: Exploring the Identities of Black Immigrant Students in Graduate-level Engineering

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; ReAnna Taylor Barclay; Debalina Maitra, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

students of color as impacted by their citizenship status. Specifically,they were not permitted exploration of career opportunities to the fullest extent. Christianbelieved that to be where the difference between him and Black Americans could be observed,“There are opportunities that I couldn't pursue because I'm an international student. It has tobe a citizen or permanent resident. In that case, there's a clear distinction between AfricanAmerican and someone that's international.” Another thing the findings revealed about the members' experiences was that movingto the United States was the first time many of them had experienced minority experiences inengineering/STEM. As Black Immigrant students, it was the first time that their race

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 4: Student Experience & Competencies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Camila Olivero Araya, The Ohio State University; Julie Martin, The Ohio State University

community. She is the editor- in-chief of Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, where her vision is to create a culture of constructive peer review in academic publishing. Julie is a former NSF program director for engineering education and frequently works with faculty to help them write proposals and navigate the proposal preparation and grant management processes. She was a 2009 NSF CAREER awardee for her work operationalizing social capital for engineering education. More recently, Julie has encouraged the engineering education research community to embrace methodological activism, a paradigm whereby researchers intentionally choose methods for the political purpose of empowering marginalized

Conference Session

ERM: Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and MORE!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Campbell Bego, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Hieb, University of Louisville; Patricia Ralston, University of Louisville; Thomas Tretter; Jason Immekus; Jody Zhong, University of Louisville

patterns of results over time.References[1] G. Zhang, T. J. Anderson, M. W. Ohland, and B. R. Thorndyke, “Identifying factors influencing engineering student graduation: A longitudinal and cross-institutional study,” J. Eng. Educ., 2004, doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2004.tb00820.x.[2] M. W. Ohland, S. D. Sheppard, G. Lichtenstein, O. Eris, D. Chachra, and R. A. Layton, “Persistence, engagement, and migration in engineering programs,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 259–278, 2008.[3] W. Pearson Jr and J. D. Miller, “Pathways to an engineering career,” Peabody J. Educ., vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 46–61, 2012, doi: 10.1080/0161956X.2012.642270.[4] M. Crawford and M. MacLeod, “Gender in the college classroom: An

Conference Session

ERM: Systematic Reviews!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Struck Jannini; Zeynep Akdemir, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Muhsin Menekse, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

better than one? Filipino students' achievement goals, deep learning strategies and affect. Learning and Individual Differences, 27, 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.07.005*Deemer, E. D., Lin, C., & Soto, C. (2016). Stereotype Threat and Women's Science Motivation: Examining the Disidentification Effect. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(4), 637–650. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715616064*Deemer, E. D., & Smith, J. L. (2018). Motivational climates: assessing and testing how science classroom environments contribute to undergraduates' self-determined and achievement- based science goals. Learning Environments Research, 21(2), 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-017-9252-yDuda, J. L., & Ntoumanis

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Wyrick, York College of Pennsylvania; Alison Kennicutt, York College of Pennsylvania; Bridgette Hagerty, York College of Pennsylvania; JESSICA NOLAN, York College of Pennsylvania; Karl Kleiner, York College of Pennsylvania; Most Tahera Naznin, York College of Pennsylvania

Master lab or field techniques related to my major Take responsibility for my own learning Cultivate beneficial connections with my industry Clarify my career path Social Engagement Feel connected with the [college] community Feel a sense of pride for my college Feel connected with the non-[college] community Feel a sense of pride for my major Drive to maintain connection with [college] community Feel a sense of pride for my project contributions Drive to maintain connection with non-[college] community Feel that I can make a differenceDiscussion and Future GrowthChallenges to ImplementationImplementation of this interdisciplinary

Conference Session

ERM: Lessons Learned from COVID (COVID Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maartje E.D. Van den Bogaard, Delft University of Technology; David Reeping, University of Cincinnati; Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Joanna Millunchick, University of Michigan

of how students' social andemotional experiences shaped their college experience, and help inform policies to supportstudents who have gone through the pandemic better in the future. 5 References[1] J. C. Weidman, “Conceptualizing Student Socialization in Higher Education: An Intellectual Journey,” in Socialization in Higher Education and the Early Career. Theory, Research and Application, J. C. Weidman and L. DeAngelo, Eds. Springer, 2020.[2] J. . Creswell and V. L. Plano Clark, Designing and conducting mixed methods research, 3rd ed. Sage Publications, 2018.[3] J. M. Millunchick, E. Brennan-Wydra, T. Henderson, A

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Edalgo, Clemson University; Karen High, Clemson University

interview. Each student was provided a $20 Amazongift card as a research incentive. Two of the transfer students were bridge transfer students.Bridge transfer students are students that begin their college career at a 2-year institution that hasa bridge commitment with a larger 4 year or R1 institution. These programs are designed to helpstudents get started with their core curriculum courses at smaller institutions and bridge over tothe larger institution once they meet a certain criterion developed by the bridge program. Inaddition to the two bridge students, the other two students were dual enrollment students duringtheir Calculus 1 enrollment. Dual enrollment students usually are high school students that canenroll in college courses at 2 year