Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Paul G. Ranky

Case-based Learning Methods with 3D Interactive Multimedia for Millennial Generation Engineering Students by Paul G. Ranky, PhD Full Tenured Professor, Registered and Chart. Professional Engineer, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, NCE, and the NJIT IT Program, NJIT, Newark, NJ 07102 Email: ranky@njit.eduAbstractMillennial generation students are interested in an integrated, simultaneouslyanalytical, computational, interactive, as well as practical, real

Conference Session

Capstone Design & Project Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Smith, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Tracy N Schierenbeck, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Linda McCloskey, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

professional staff at the Archer Center for StudentLeadership Development, the two 1-credit experiences (Professional Development I—PD-1and Professional Development III—PD-3, respectively) have become an indispensable part ofthe engineering educational experience of our students. A third part of this experience(Professional Development II—PD-2) is taught independently by faculty from the School ofHumanities and Social Sciences. Development began in the mid 1990s, and starting with theClass of 2001, these courses have been taken by all engineering students. The present paperdescribes our experiences in developing this experience and incorporating it into the curriculum,the assessment process that has been used to redesign the curricular content on a

Collection

2014 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Sadan Kulturel-Konak; Abdullah Konak; Gül E. Okudan Kremer; Ivan E. Esparragoza

ofEngineering graduates. In fact, the lack of professional skills in pedagogical initiatives.project teams has been identified as one of the top contributors tothe high failure rate of complex engineering projects. As a Beard et al. [3] suggest that an assessment plan to evaluateresponse, academic programs have incorporated professional curricular efforts that aim to integrate professional skills intoskills in their curricula, which led to the challenge of assessing the programs should include standardized rubrics for targetedrelevant student development appropriately. This paper proposes courses in addition to comprehensive exit

Conference Session

Designing and Implementing Leadership Development Experiences for Engineering Students

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Blake Everett Johnson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Molly H. Goldstein, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Joe Bradley, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

engineering projects, and they need to be able to communicate thoseexperiences [13].The work of Larsson, et, al. indicated that certain leadership styles are best suited for certain typesof engineering projects, depending largely upon the project duration. For example, they found that“Integrators,” whose tendency is to ensure that the team works well on an interpersonal level, tendto be best suited for complex projects that require timely completion. Their results suggest thatdiscovery of a leadership style that is effective for the projects that we do in our courses may leadus to develop a leadership curriculum that teaches leadership in that style to achieve better courseoutcomes [14]. In this work we hope to solve this question in the inverse

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Aamir Fidai, Texas A&M University; Samiha Momin; Asma Salim Maredia, Texas A&M University; Insha Ashirali Umatiya

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

. Constans et al, "The Benchtop Hybrid-Using a Long-Term Design Project to Integrate the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum," Advances in Engineering Education, 2019.[5] *J. R. Haughery et al, "Toward Understanding the Impacts, Whys, and Whats Behind Mechatronic-based Projects and Student Motivation," 2017.[6] R. M. Reck, "No title," Experiential Learning in Control Systems Laboratories and Engineering Project Management, 2016.[7] A. G. Abdullah et al, "Preliminary design of industrial automation training kit based real mobile plant," in 2014 International Conference on Advances in Education Technology (ICAET-14), 2015, .[8] M. Matijevic and M. S. Nedeljkovic, "Design and use of digitally controlled electric motors for purpose of

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Marion Hagler; John Chandler; A. Dean Fontenot

dealt with. For Linn and Hsi’spedagogical principals in their Knowledge Integration Environment, helping students tolearn from each other and promoting lifelong science learning is two of the four segmentsof tenets that form the foundation for KIE. Within the section, “Helping students learnfrom each other,” are the basis for forming community learning environments: learningfrom each other, social activities for respective interactions, designing criteria andstandards, and employing multiple social activity structures. 10 While it is obvious thatLinn and Hsi’s tenets would work in a traditional classroom or an online classroom, theyseem to be basic fundamentals for online discussion of literature and developing a senseof community in which

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Technical Session 1: Partnerships Making It Real!

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Schulte Grahame, Northeastern University; Anne E. Shea, Northeastern University; Christiane Amstutz

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

engage and teach kids in STEAM Club, university students can learn how tosuccessfully engage and teach the same kids via their museum exhibit final project. Engagementenhances their ability to be academically successful. Through S-L participation, we are teachingengineers to engage and effectively communicate in an active learning scenario.MetacognitionS-L remains an integral aspect back in the classroom. Reflections after each S-L session establisha connection between direct service and the academic curriculum. Studies have demonstrated thevalue of reflection to enhance comprehension, performance, and self-regulated learning[27]. Research also shows that the majority of students require external support to engage inreflection [28]. Thus

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrea Gregg, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine G. P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University; Karen A. Thole, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Paper ID #32460Theoretical and Applied Perspectives on Online Graduate EngineeringEducation: Learning-Centered Vision, Administration, and Course DesignDr. Andrea Gregg, Pennsylvania State University Dr. Gregg is the Director of Online Pedagogy and an Assistant Teaching Professor in the Penn State Me- chanical Engineering department. She facilitates faculty development to maximize teaching and learning efficacy throughout the ME curriculum, with a primary focus on online learning. She is also respon- sible for leading quality instructional design for residential and online offerings; facilitating an activity community

Conference Session

Design and the Community

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Carol Haden; John Tester; Jerry Hatfield

-person design teams that design, build and test weekly projects involvingLEGO® parts, sensors, and the Robotic Command eXplorer (RCX). Control of the automatedsystems requires programming in both RoboLab (a LabViewTM derivative) and in the “Not Quite C”(NQC) environments. The course develops in the semester to finally encompass larger design teamsof fourteen students, with each team designing a complex, autonomous, robotic-styled system. Animportant part of this course development is the integration of assessment procedures that record thestudents’ perception of learning and enthusiasm. We present an overview of the courseenhancements and objectives. Assessment categories include the students’ self-efficacy in theirability to design/build/test

Conference Session

Engineering Design: Implementation and Evaluation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cameron Denson, Utah State University; Nathan Mentzer, Utah State University; Jodi Cullum, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 14.668.2NCETE Teacher Professional Development Positioning of the teacher as developer of lessons facilitates coherence with otherlearning activities occurring in each teacher’s classroom. Specifically, teachers can situate theengineering design concepts into their curriculum by crafting a lesson rather than attempting tofit a pre-packaged generic lesson into an existing and, perhaps, rigidly structured curriculum.The lesson development opportunities provide teachers with an active learning experience,wherein they first experience exemplary engineering design challenges as participants and thencreate design challenges. Formative feedback was provided by peer teachers and professionaldevelopers as the teachers developed the lessons

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Raghu Echempati

handouts, class notes and computer laboratory manual (iii) enhance the faculty research in virtual forming and support the integration of applied research into the undergraduate curriculum (iv) introduce an advanced virtual forming course at the graduate levelAs mentioned before, there are some changes in place both in terms of course content and structurefor the ME-510 class. The students’ start off by observing the one-step (QuickStamp) and theincremental (DYNAFORM/LS-DYNA) results of the example benchmark problems provided bythese software companies. They then model and perform simulation of simple stamped partsfollowing the tutorials provided to them. For their project, students

Conference Session

PCEE Session 2: Teacher Learning Experiences

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebekah Hammack, Montana State University - Bozeman; Ibrahim H. Yeter, Nanyang Technological University

science teaching methods course. The participants completedthese instruments in a voluntarily based order with an estimated time of 20–25 minutes to finishthe survey. Two‐tailed paired sample t-test computed from the mean scores for each of the pre-and post-survey indicated the statistical significance of gains from pre‐ to post‐instruction scores.The findings suggest that engaging in multiple, varied engineering components during a sciencemethods course can boost preservice teachers’ engineering teaching efficacy across multiplecourse modalities. Introduction The integration of engineering in the elementary education curriculum along with othersubjects is extremely pertinent, especially considering that many current educators have

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Jay Porter; James Ochoa; Rainer Fink

funding of a new laboratory and thepossibility of new research opportunities.Even more important than the benefits to the individual faculty members, when taken togetherthese initiatives represent a broader opportunity to make an impact in semiconductor testingresearch. This impact will reach beyond Texas Instruments or Motorola alone by promoting theresearch results and curriculum to other universities. In addition, the combined initiativesrepresent an environment where broader research problems can be addressed that stretch acrossdigital and mixed-signal testing. As the initiatives mature, attention will be placed on thecreation of a research center of excellence aimed at developing collaborative research andacademic interactions with other

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Avimanyu Sahoo, Oklahoma State University; Young Chang, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

is sixteen hours. The objective of the minor is to train MET(EET)students with required expertise in EET (MET) courses. Both MET and EET minor students willundergo two specialized mechatronics courses, namely Fundamentals of Mechatronics andMechatronics System Design that will educate them with the integrated mechatronics designconcept.The Fundamentals of Mechatronics course is an introductory course for introducing students withbasic mechatronic systems and components, such as electrical and electronic components, sensorsand actuators and their interfacing with micro-controllers. This three-credit-hour course, whichincludes one-credit-hour of laboratory component, is an elective course. The course is differentfrom the required Basic

Conference Session

K-12 Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Betsy Aller; Edmund Tsang; Andrew Kline

K-16 STEM Teaching and Learning,” International Network for Engineering Education and Research(iNEER) (Special Volume, March 2005, in press).2. C. Crumbaugh, P. Vellom, A.A. Kline, and E. Tsang, “Integrating First-Year Engineering Design and Pre-Service Science Education: A Model for Engineering and Education Collaboration to Enhance K-16 STEMEducation,” Proceedings of the Frontiers in Engineering Conference, Savannah, GA, October, 2004, pp. S2E-14– S2E-18.3. E.Tsang and A.A. Kline, “Design of an Inexpensive Optics Demonstration/Experimentation Kit for MiddleSchool,” Proceedings of the American Society of Engineering Education Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT,June 2004.4. A. Kline, E. Tsang, C. Crumbaugh, and B. Cobern, “Establishing an

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University; Vania Willms

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

programming and video processing require SDK, a system that manages the buildprocess in an operating system, and supporting library integration knowledge. This requirescomputer science skills and a timeline that is beyond the scope of middle school curriculum. Thedevelopment of the vision portion of robot perception research should be implemented at seniorhigh school or college level. This process requires more than 6 weeks of research work in a K-12classroom scenario.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the Research Experiences for Teachers Programunder National Science Foundation Grant No. 1300779. Any opinions, finding, and conclusionsor recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not

Conference Session

Track 5: Technical Session 3: Enhancing Diversity and Inclusion for First-Generation Students: A First Year Seminar Course Approach

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Alandra Kahl, Pennsylvania State University, Greater Allegheny

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

: Course Development • Notes: The development of our First Year Seminar (FYS) course began with identifying the specific needs of first-generation students. We used evidence-based models, including Tinto's Model of Student Integration and Schlossberg's Transition Theory, to guide our curriculum design. Our focus was on creating a holistic learning experience that not only addressed academic needs but also fostered personal growth and community building.Slide 5: ModelsTinto's Model of Student IntegrationTinto's Model of Student Integration, developed by Vincent Tinto, is a theoretical frameworkthat explains how students' interactions with their academic and social environments influencetheir persistence and retention in

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Brian S Macherone; Jagdish T. Gajjar; Cherrice Traver

instruction necessary is also large. As aresult, Union’s engineering division has chosen to investigate other methods to achieve the sameobjectives.[1] Louis A Martin Vega, Gregory L. Tonkay, Richard Sause and Harvey G. Stenger, "Integrating Design intoFreshman Engineering: A Lehigh Experience," Proceedings of FIE ’97, Pittsburg, PA, November 5-8, 1997[2] Richard Porter and Hugh Fuller, " A New "Contact-Based" First Year Engineering Course," Proceedings of FIE’97, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, November 5-8, 1997[3] Karl A. Smith, "Design of an Introductory Engineering Course," Proceedings of FIE ’96, Salt Lake City, Utah,November 6-9, 1996[4] Craig James Gunn, "Design in the Freshman Engineering Curriculum," Proceedings of the 1997 ASEE AnnualConference

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Courses

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqulyn Baughman, Iowa State University; Gretchen A. Mosher, Iowa State University; Ann M Gansemer-Topf, Iowa State University ; Tejas Dhadphale Ph.D., Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, 19Engineering graduates are expected to work in team-based projects.30, 31 Multidisciplinarycapstone courses provide a unique opportunity for students to work with their peers from otherdisciplines, mirroring the experiences they will confront in the workplace.32Definitions in the literature exist for terms such as multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary,transdisciplinary, and interdisciplinary; 21, 3 Lattuca, Knight, and Bergom34 define“Multidisciplinary” as an effort to bring together the tools, viewpoints and understandings oftwo or more disciplines to explain or solve a problem while separating the thoughts of eachdiscipline. This differs from an interdisciplinary approach, which integrates knowledge frommultiple disciplines, with the goal of

Conference Session

ET Pedagogy II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mihaela Radu, State University of New York, Farmingdale

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

population atFarmingdale State College. Section IV presents briefly students’ research projects. Section Vpresents results of undergraduate research based learning. Section VI concludes the paper.II. Social Aspects of Engineering EducationAddressing the future of engineering and technological needs, higher education institutions facea great challenge. They have to build a strong technical curriculum and address the socialconsequences and implications of technological and engineering advances. Understanding theimpact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context is animportant objective supported by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology [4].In an article published in 1975, Toba was advocating

Conference Session

Collaborations: International Case Studies & Exchanges

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Ana Kennedy; David Ollis

, Technology”, not onlytaught the structure inherent in an intermediate language class by integrating vocabulary,issues, and projects that are of special interest to technical students, but also integratedcultural and technical issues of our global society. The object was to enlist students’technical enthusiasm for the process of learning a foreign language and studyinginternational cultural and technological issues. Our lab activity sequence of read, use, assemble, and discuss (in Spanish) is usedto promote the use of the Spanish language in a real-world technological context. The labmodules are adapted to teach technology students vocabulary and modes of thought intheir professions. We report how this modification allows students to enhance

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg S Mowry, University of St. Thomas; Camille M George, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

engineeringIntroductionUndergraduate engineering programs in the United States require an engineering designexperience, often described as, ‘senior design’, as part of the ABET (the Accreditation Board forEngineering and Technology) accreditation process. The ABET Definition of Design is, “Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. …... The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features: development of student creativity, use of open-ended problems, development and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statements and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering Outreach Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Powers, Clarkson University; Bruce Brydges, SUNY Potsdam; Gail Gotham, SLL BOCES; James Carroll, Clarkson University; Peter Turner, Clarkson University; Douglas Bohl, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

thinkingrequired for engineering majors. The net result has been the development of programs atnumerous campuses, many of which survive only for the duration of the initial funding sourceand then disappear. Like many schools, Clarkson University has traditionally had a few smalland isolated K-12 outreach programs. However, in 2004 with the establishment of its Office ofEducational Partnerships, it initiated a concerted effort to institutionalize its outreach efforts in amanner to increase the extent of these efforts, assess their impacts, and maintain the University’scommitment to area school districts for an extended period of time. As with our integrated

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Patrice Marie Buzzanell, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Andrew O. Brightman, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); David Torres, Purdue University; Sean M Eddington, Brian Lamb School of Communication - Purdue

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #19574Understanding the Professional Formation of Engineers through the Lens ofDesign Thinking: Unpacking the Wicked Problem of Diversity and InclusionDr. Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering) Carla B. Zoltowski is an assistant professor of engineering practice in the Schools of Electrical and Com- puter Engineering and (by courtesy) Engineering Education at Purdue University. She holds a B.S.E.E., M.S.E.E., and Ph.D. in Engineering Education, all from Purdue. Prior to this she was Co-Director of the EPICS Program at Purdue where she was responsible for developing curriculum

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul C. Lynch, Penn State University Erie, The Behrend College; James F. Kimpel, University of Pittsburgh; Karen M. Bursic, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

Knowledge Creation,” Greenwood Publishing Group, Quorum Books, Westport, CT, p.52, 2002.[3] J. Darrell Gibson, M. Patricia Brackin, “Techniques for the Implementation and Administration of Industrial Projects for Engineering Design Courses,” Proceedings of the 1999 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.[4] James Noble, “An Approach for Engineering Curriculum Integration in Capstone Design Courses,” International Journal of Engineering Education, 14(3), 197-203, 1998.[5] Ana Vila-Parrish, Dianne Raubenheimer, “Integrating Project Management & Lean-Six Sigma Methodologies in an Industrial Engineering Capstone Course,” Proceedings of the

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lori M Houghtalen, Abilene Christian University; Timothy Kennedy P.E., Abilene Christian University; Raymond Earl Smith, Abilene Christian University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

Paper ID #22907Assembling a Successful Industry-sponsored Senior Capstone Program: LessonsLearned from a Startup Effort at a Liberal Arts UniversityDr. Lori Houghtalen, Abilene Christian University Lori Houghtalen is an Assistant Professor of Engineering and Physics at Abilene Christian University. She is Co-Director for Senior Clinic, the capstone senior design course, and teaches courses in the engineering and physics curriculum. Dr. Houghtalen has won awards from the National Science Foundation, Georgia Tech, the ARCS Foundation, and the Association of European Operational Research Societies. She holds degrees from the

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Measurements: Innovative Course Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Beams, University of Texas-Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Project TUNA II –Bode Analyzer and Teaching ToolAbstractStudents measuring the frequency response of a linear circuit (e.g., an active filter) by manualmethods find the task mind-numbing and repetitive, and the purpose was frequently lost in theminutiae of data-taking. Project TUNA (Texas Universal Network Analyzer), a Bode analyzerfor low to moderate frequencies, was conceived as an answer to this problem. The prototype ofProject TUNA was developed as a project in Electronics II (EENG 4409) in 1999, andpermanent copies were constructed in 2000. Project TUNA has been integrated into theelectronics curriculum of UT-Tyler since that time. It is used as both a laboratory instrument andas a teaching tool, particularly to illustrate the principles of

Conference Session

Making Students Aware of Their World: Five Perspectives

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Warren N. Waggenspack Jr., Louisiana State University; Warren R. Hull, Louisiana State University; David Bowles, Louisiana State University; Sarah Liggett, Louisiana State University; Stephen O. Sears, Louisiana State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

to develop communications assignments for topics thatalso help prepare future engineers for a global environment, like cultural awareness and culturalsensitivity. We find ourselves in a position to focus on these topics, not by adding morecommunication assignments to an already-crowded curriculum, but by varying the focus of thecommunication assignments. Students will not treat global issues as mere topics ofcommunication assignments but will have to consider cultural differences in order to completethe communications. In future C-I capstone courses, cultural awareness will not only be aproduct of communication assignments; rather, issues confronting globalism, like culturalawareness, will be a step in the communication processes that is

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sreyoshi Bhaduri, Amazon ; KENNETH OHNEMUS, Amazon; Jessica Blackburn; Anshul Mittal, Amazon; Yan Dong, Amazon; Savannah LaFerriere; Robert Pulvermacher; Marina Dias, Amazon; Alexander Gil; Shahriar Sadighi; Neerav Kumar, Amazon

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

challenges that multi-disciplinary collaborations may present [9] - [12].Teaching multidisciplinary skills in the engineering classroom, though important, can bechallenging due to a variety of reasons. First, engineering students traditionally find themselvesrestricted by a narrow disciplinary focus [13]. Though multidisciplinary courses can better preparestudents for real world contexts [14], for learning to become more multi-disciplinary, instructorsthemselves need to be trained to break disciplinary silos and successfully teach students how tofunction on multi-disciplinary teams [15]. Second, the engineering curriculum is already packed[16], often leaving little room for integrating multidisciplinary courses. Further, classroom settingscan be

Collection

CoED

Authors

Bahaa Ansaf; Neb Jaksic

Ansaf and Jaksic [8] to increase students learn-ing outcomes in design analysis and critical thinking. The students implemented the requireddesign modifications of a product in a systematic time-based procedure using traditional andnontraditional design tools like finite element analysis. Their results show an improvement instudent engagement in the course topics and in critical thinking.Okojie [9] claims that “in a highly competitive manufacturing industry, the total cost of designand manufacturing can be reduced and hence increase the competitiveness of the products ifcomputers can integrate all working procedures. Computer-aided integration has, therefore,become an inevitable trend. Many industries have achieved a great deal of success