Conference Session

Addressing the NGSS, Part 1 of 3: Supporting K-8 Science Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering-Science Connections

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary McCormick, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

concepts,which are described in detail in the document. 2 Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or want that includes 3-5-ETS1-1 specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost. Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on 3-5-ETS1-2 how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure 3-5-ETS1-3 points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.A Literature-based design contextIn this study, we explore a promising approach to bringing contextualized

Conference Session

Student Beliefs, Motivation and Self Efficacy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nora B. Honken, University of Louisville; Patricia A Ralston, University of Louisville; Kate E. Snyder, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

associated with adaptive outcomes.19 This scale is composed oftwo subscales: one that measures the belief that effort leads to positive outcomes (4 questions)and the other that measures the belief that effort has a negative, inverse relationship withintelligence/ability and does not contribute to positive outcomes (5 questions). A sample itemreads, “It doesn’t matter how hard you work – if you’re not smart, you won’t do well.” All theitems of the scale are listed in the Appendix. Each item of the scale was answered on a six-pointLikert scale (Strongly disagree = 1 to Strongly agree = 6). After reversing the five itemsmeasuring the inverse relationship, items were averaged to form a composite measure of effortbeliefs, with higher scores reflecting a

Conference Session

Impact of Community Engagement on Communities

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carlos German Montoya Rodriguez, Ohio State University; Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto, The Ohio State University; Roger Dzwonczyk, The Ohio State University; John A Merrill, Ohio State University; Howard L. Greene, Ohio State University; Miriam Cater, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

highlighted the importance of engineering service-learning experiences to learntechnical and professional skills in comparison with traditional course-based classes and how itvaries in terms of academic year and gender. It was concluded that service-learning has a highimpact on their ability to learn technical skills and suggest service-learning as an effectivepedagogical tool. Similarly, Dukhan et al.3 studied the effect of service-learning experiences as apedagogy technique to increase social awareness in engineering students. The students wereevaluated using reflective questions that focused on the impact that their projects had on society.Through this study, the authors concluded that through reflective thinking, the humanitarianaspect of the

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Homaira Fayez, Herat Engineering University; M. S. Keshawarz, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

International

as the magnificence and glory of Herat is the inheritance of that period. An example of Timurid era architecture is reflected in Figure 1. The war of occupation by the Russians and the ensued civil war damaged and/or destroyed whatever was left of an architectural style peculiar to Herat. Migrations to the neighboring countries during the war years

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; John L. Falconer, University of Colorado Boulder; David L. Silverstein P.E., University of Kentucky; Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Debra M. Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Christina Smith, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

learningduring lecture.3 This structured questioning process actively involves all students in the class.Peer instruction encourages students to reflect on the problem, think through the arguments beingdeveloped, and put them into their own words. Just as important, it provides both student andinstructor with feedback regarding student understanding of the concept.Concept Inventories have emerged in many science and engineering fields.4-16 Similarlynumerous studies in physics, chemistry, and biology classrooms have shown that active learningpedagogies that are based on concept questions (ConcepTests) are more effective for studentlearning than traditional lecture.17-27 This project intends to encourage and shift the focus oflearning in chemical

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margret Hjalmarson, George Mason University; Jill K. Nelson, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

andwho is active in reflecting about teaching and in trying new strategies. Ideally, thefacilitator was from the same discipline as the group members; however, we also hadinterdepartmental groups of faculty all from STEM disciplines in our study. In addition tothe facilitator’s knowledge, the use of outside resources provided research-basedinformation and kept the conversation focused on teaching and how to improve teaching.For example, some of our groups used How Learning Works: Seven Research-BasedPrinciples 10 to foster discussion and keep the group focused on developing their teachingpractice. A common strategy was to help faculty learn more about students’ learning aswell as effective teaching. It can be challenging as an expert in a field

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tolga Kaya, Central Michigan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

.7. Recognize “scientific language” and “teacher language,” and know when and how to use eachlanguage.SECTION TWO: PROGRAM ACTIVITIES:For Items 8-14, please rate the various summer program activities on their usefulness on a scale of1-5, with 1 = Not useful and 5 = Very Useful. Please make comments.8. Participating in intensive research on various aspects of smart car vehicle development.9. Coaching on curriculum development with new standards.10. CMU faculty visits highlighting research and education topics.11. Training sessions for lab instruments and/or tools.12. Professional development sessions on effective teaching.13. Social activities and team building activities.14. Reflection sessions.SECTION THREE: RESEARCHFor Items 15-19, rate

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharon A. Jones P.E., University of Portland; Zulema Naegele, University of Portland; Tammy VanDeGrift, University of Portland

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

supported by the National Science Foundation under awardnumber DUE - 1317238 and is supported in part by funds given to the National ScienceFoundation by the Intel Foundation and the GE Foundation. Any opinions, findings, andconclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not Page 24.736.5necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References 1. American Society for Engineering Education. 2012. Going the Distance: Best Practices and Strategies for Retaining Engineering. Engineering Technology, and Computing Students. http://www.asee.org/retention- project 2

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michael Fosmire, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amy S. Van Epps, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ruth E. H. Wertz, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kerrie A Douglas, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

workshops Objective 1 Objective 2 Critical Engineering Literacy Test (CELT) Evidence-based Self-Assessment of Problem Solving • Develop a two-tier multiple-choice information Strategies (ESAPSS) literacy test. The first tier focuses on assessing • Develop a two-tier Likert-scale survey: The first tier students’ reflective judgment and information measures students’ perceptions of their self-directed literacy skills. The second tier checks students’ learning and problem solving strategies. The second reasoning and explanations. tier gathers evidence such as student

Conference Session

Track 2 - Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Svetlana Vasilievna Barabanova, Kazan National Research Technological University; Vasiliy Ivanov, Kazan National Research Technological University; Mansur Galikhanov, Kazan National research Technological University; Alina Guzhova, Kazan National Reserch Technological University

Tagged Topics

Faculty Development

, methods, evaluation toolsand procedures during the interim and final evaluations;- receive comments and recommendations for making corrections to the program content, eliminateorganizational shortcomings for further successful implementation of the program.Summarized results of the survey are reflected in the table below. Questions in the questionnairewere formulated so that the audience had the opportunity not only to choose from a range ofresponses, but also to express their opinion in free form. The survey was attended by more than 80per cent of trainees.The analysis of the trainee results and comments revealed "narrow" places of the programs andways of their improvement, and confirmed that all four training programs constitute an

Conference Session

Classroom Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

recommended steps to build trust withstudents. In this type of environment students feel that they are important, that their needscan be met, and that others experience joy and satisfaction in helping them get theirneeds met. It is also argued that when the teacher is able to focus on assisting the studentsin meeting their needs, teacher’s own needs get met. In concluding, the author presentshis own reflections based on his experience as an engineering student and a facultymember. The author has a firm conviction that the only professor who belongs in aclassroom is a caring professor.IntroductionA caring faculty understands, encourages and supports students’ individuality and issensitive to students’ needs. A caring faculty understands that the

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Ruzanna Davtyan

after 10 minutes, and 15 are asleep after 20 using many teaching techniques to reach all students (Felder &minutes, how long will it be until the whole class of 25 Silverman, 1988) p.76. David Kolb’s study shows that“learners tend to perceive information either abstractly (by • It helps students to learn from each other andconceptualizing/thinking) or concretely (by together in a team.experiencing/feeling) and then process that information eitheractively (by experimenting/doing) or reflectively (by CONCLUSIONobserving/watching) (Kolb & Kolb, 2005) p.64.” Researchers Using contextual learning in the classroom

Conference Session

Methodological & Theoretical Contributions to Engineering Education 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Danielle Almetria Smalls, Engineering Education Department at Virginia Tech; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Rachel McCord Ellestad, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

while it is happening instead ofthe reflective state many survey and interview methods propose. Because of the desire to capturedata within the moment, it is particularly important that the methods used are appropriate andsufficiently enticing to garner and immediate response for the population being studied. Page 24.1365.2This present study is part of larger study that examines the ways students develop conceptualunderstanding. In the current phase of the study we want to gather information aboutengineering students while they are engaged in learning practices in engineering classrooms.Specifically, we want to understand student motivation and

Conference Session

Capstone Courses and Project Based-Learning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Sawyers Jr., Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

outcomes are addressed by each analysis problem. Obviously thedegree to which an outcome is addressed varies from problem to problem - the table does notattempt to quantify this effect. However, even the qualitative analysis can be useful. Outcomes2 and 4 seem to be least addressed. The apparent lack of coverage of Outcome 2 is a reflection Page 24.18.5of the fact that Table 1 only includes the analysis problems; significant coverage of this outcomewas provided by traditional homework problems. The limited coverage of Outcome 4 is notsurprising since developing problems that cross traditional boundaries is not easy. This wasexacerbated in 2013 due

Conference Session

Improving Laboratory Education in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua A Enszer, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

statistical analysis of their data andconsideration of relevant theory. The course is structured in such a way that students mustdetermine which statistical techniques are appropriate for processing their experimental data. Thecourse is also designed to meet the Writing Intensive requirements of our university, through acombination of individual lab reports, reflections on their ability to write in a technical context,and brief essays on engineering ethics and laboratory safety.Specific course logistics, including the sequence of activities, learning objectives, andconnections to student outcomes in junior- and senior-level courses, are considered here. Directassessment of student performance against specific learning objectives from the past three

Conference Session

Design, Creativity and Critical Thinking in the Chemical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Silvia Husted, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Nelly Ramirez-Corona, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas Puebla

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

multiple perspectives(flexible representations), which facilitate a better understanding of the topic under discussion.This flexibility will be reflected in the students' ability to demonstrate the relationships betweensame elements in different ways along different conceptual contexts or in the ability to formdifferent representations of a same situation depending on the task20. Flexible representationshave three levels of learning: image level, which refers to the initial holistic image of a conceptor a phenomenon; schema level, where people outline images as a result of the search for Page 24.40.3regularities in their experiences; and a

Conference Session

Advances in CAD with Emphasis on Dimensioning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey M. Otey, Texas A&M University; Pedro Company P.E., Universitat Jaume I; Manuel Contero, Universitat Politècnica de València; Jorge Dorribo Camba, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

in CAD pedagogy, define designintent as a description of how an object is modeled and also how it should perform once it isaltered 15. They also assert that CAD software records the succession of features used to create amodel, which reflects the user’s opinion of the best approach to accomplish a specific task. Theyfurther state that design intent should be more comprehensive than shapes and sizes of features,but must encompass consideration of manufacturing methods and relationships between features.A student’s ability to accurately model an object correlates with their ability to visualize andassemble the objects cogently.Zhang and Luo state that CAD illustrates design intent through its history, features, parameters,and constraints16

Conference Session

Best of DEED

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Harry B. Santoso, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Strategies Questionnaire Items Across Design Phases Design phase Questionnaire item example Problem definition While I define my design problem, I am clarifying the design goals with design team/client. Conceptual design While I generate solution ideas, I am determining whether I need to look for alternative design solutions. Preliminary design While I work on my selected design, I am judging whether my design model reflects my final design. Detailed design While I finalize my design, I am judging whether further adjustments are needed to improve the design performance. Design communication While I communicate my design

Conference Session

Addressing the NGSS, Part 1 of 3: Supporting K-8 Science Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering-Science Connections

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

So Yoon Yoon, Texas A&M University; Yi Kong, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Johannes Strobel, Texas A&M

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. They found that the provision of active learning opportunities in TPD made teachers’ useof new classroom practices increase. Fisher, Lapp, Flood, and Moore (2006)21 described a CPDinitiative that guided teachers’ instruction by linking teaching and assessment. After this CPD,teachers improved their knowledge, skills, and dispositions, and they were able to apply whatthey learned from the CPD to improve their students’ learning. Taitelbaum, Mamlok‐Naaman,Carmeli, and Hofstein (2008)22 reported that teachers became more reflective and aware of theirteaching practices after they participated in a CPD program. de Vries, van de Grift, and Jansen(2012)23 explored the link between teachers’ beliefs about learning and teaching and theirparticipation

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Assessment in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra M. Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Christina Smith, Oregon State University; Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Leaders: A Case Study of the AIChE Concept WarehouseAbstractPropagation is a widespread goal for educational innovations. If an innovation is effective in oneenvironment, developers usually desire to share it with other instructors and institutions to have alarger impact and improve education more broadly. Additionally, funding agencies like theNational Science Foundation require a “broader impact” component in all grant proposals. Oneaspect commonly missing when an innovation is shared is a reflective, evidence-baseddescription of the process as the innovation moves from the home institution to other institutionswith different faculty, different students and a different culture. E.M. Rogers put forth a theory,Diffusion of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margot A. Vigeant, Bucknell University; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Katharyn E. K. Nottis, Bucknell University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

,  2012b;  Prince,  Vigeant,  &  Nottis,  2010),  as  well  as  student  answers  to  post-­‐activity  reflection  questions.    Faculty  using  these  activities  will  be  surveyed  both  for  the  amount  of  time  they  spent  on  each  particular  topic  as  well  as  about  their  sense  of  how  much  they  liked  the  approach  they  were  testing.        Acknowledgement  Funded  through  TUES  NSF-­‐1225031   Page 24.366.3     2  Bibliography  Prince, M., Vigeant, M., &

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William Travis Horton, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Page 24.782.7EPICS. Assignments were tailored to complement the learning community sequence. Anexample is that the reflection assignments in the new course built on the EPICS experiences. Forexample, critical and reflective thinking is an area assessed in EPICS but first-year students oftenstruggle. To help them, a weekly reflection was included in the common engineering course ontheir EPICS experience. Feedback was provided and this helped their work in the EPICS course.The common course also provided a means to address their experiences and introduce aspects ofthe EPICS experiences. For example, the assessments in EPICS are modelled after professionalperformance appraisals and require students to identify their most significant

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janis P. Terpenny, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

behind the approach and methods found in this paper: to succeed inleadership, indeed in life in general, one must be aware of and appreciate what motivates oneselfand others. This requires reflection and answers. Where is your (their) passion? Answering thisquestion is at the heart of Mary Poppins’ insights. When she sings, “A spoonful of sugar helpsthe medicine go down” and says, “in every job that must be done there is an element of fun …”,she is trying to motivate the children to take medicine that, without sugar, would otherwise havea bad taste. She is also making a job fun that the children did not want to do (picking up clothesand clutter). Mary motivates with sugar and fun, rather than raising her voice, behaving harshly,or worse. There

Conference Session

Design Across the Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aruna Shekar, Massey University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

: Example course assessment details Assessment Team or Individual Weighting (%)1 Project proposal Team 102 Concept design assessment Individual 103 Detailed design Team 204 Oral presentation Individual & Team 20 (10+10)5 Final project report Team 306 Log book & self-reflection Individual 10Assessment rubrics provide clear

Conference Session

Discipline Specific Topics and Techniques

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University; Korine Steinke Wawrzynski, Michigan State University; Megan A. Shannahan, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

undergraduate researchers and their own role at theuniversity (faculty member, post-doctoral scholar, etc.). The survey did not ask for otheridentifying demographic information (gender, ethnicity, discipline, etc.), in order to preserve thementors’ anonymity. Appendix A details the pre-experience survey questions.The focus of the second survey was to understand how mentors actually interacted with theirundergraduate research assistants, including details like how many hours per week, on average,were spent interacting with students and how the mentors provided constructive feedback. Thepost-experience survey also asked mentors to reflect on their own preparation for mentoringundergraduates, and to assess their satisfaction with the summer research

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Kenny Feister, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrice Marie Buzzanell, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Qin Zhu, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

intogreater detail about, and reflect on, the concepts probed in the individual and team climateinstrument. Participants offered insights into aspects of ethical decision making that were notdirectly present in the instruments, as well as offering a richer description of the often complexteam interactions as the participants experienced them. The interview data offered insight intoboth ethical issues encountered by the individuals and teams, as well as more generalinformation about the team process and how individuals perceived these experiences. As aresult, we found evidence of the categories probed by both the individual and team climateinstrument, as well as new but important aspects of these processes. This paper discusses thefindings about team

Conference Session

Integrating Engineering & Liberal Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M. Riley, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

because it fails to value ways ofknowing outside positivist empiricism.Biesta26 further argues that Dewey’s theory of knowing can provide an alternative epistemologyfor education research, because it is not based on a dualism between mind and materiality.Instead of separating the self from the knowable world, Dewey conceived an action-theoreticalframework in which ways of knowing are active – they are ways of doing. Biesta notes that forDewey, knowledge is not prescriptive, and research would not dictate practice: “no conclusion ofscientific research can be converted into an immediate rule of educational art” (19).29 Reflexivity(a practice of reflection that is critical of its own power relations) requires integrating knowledgewith reflection and

Conference Session

WIED: Curricular Undergraduate Student Programs

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jaby Mohammed, Petroleum Institute; Nausheen PashaZaidi, The Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

features which candifferentiate them from their Western counterparts, including an emphasis oncollectivism, honor, and social stability that emphasizes extended family and tribalrelations (Feghali, 1997; Al-Krenawi, & Graham, 2000). Feghali (1997) addresses someof the general communication patterns that appear in Arab communities, including code-switching from one language to another, flowery rhetoric, indirect speech in relation totopics that reflect social practices, and direct speech when commenting negatively orpositively on personal appearances. She also notes the importance of physical space,which tends to be closer in all-male or all-female situations as contact and touchingbetween genders is considered offensive in public spaces

Conference Session

Teaching and Pedagogy Issues in Graduate Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aaron P. Wemhoff, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

to rising seniors given the right circumstances.I. IntroductionIn recent years, the College of Engineering at Villanova University has increased its emphasis ongraduate research programs, thereby supplementing its traditional focus on undergraduateeducation. This is reflected in the increase in externally-funded projects, resulting in a pushtowards developing a nationally-recognized graduate program. The Department of MechanicalEngineering has played a key role in this movement, where the number of Ph.D. graduates hasgrown from the program’s inception approximately 10 years ago to an anticipated 9 graduates in2014.One important element of growing a graduate program lies in the recruiting and retention ofquality graduate students. The

Conference Session

Materials Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Joseph Stuart P.E., Oregon Institute of Technology; Natalie Rachel Sheffield, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Manufacturing Engineering, American Society of Mechanical Engineers PUBLICATIONS (i)Most Closely Related [1] W.J. Stuart ’Problem Based Case Learning - Composite Materials Course De- velopment – Examples and classroom reflections’ NEW Conference, Oct 2011 [2] W.J. Stuart and Bedard R. (EPRI) ’Ocean Renewable Energy Course Evolution and Status’ presented at Energy Ocean Pacific & Oregon Wave Energy Trust Conference, Sept. 2010. [3] W.J. Stuart, Wave energy 101, presented at Ore- gon Wave Energy Symposium, Newport, OR, Sept. 2009. [4] W.J. Stuart, Corrosion considerations when designing with exotic metals and advanced composites, presented at Corrosion Conference of Exotic Met- als, Park City, UT, 2009. [5] W.J