Collection

2012 EDI

Authors

Roger Stancliff

University-Industry Collaborations: Agilent’s Agilent s Perspective 2012 Engineering Deans Institute/Kauai Roger Stancliff CTO, Component Test Division Agilent Technologies, Inc.Page 1A Brief History of Agilent• 1939: Hewlett-Packard Hewlett Packard Company formed with the encouragement of Dr. Terman• 1999: Agilent split from HP• 2005: Strategic alignment: Phase I: focused measurement company• 2006: Launched “Phase II”: profitable, sustainable growth - initiated a global program for university research• 2011: Net revenue = $6.6 billion; employees = 19,000Page 2 Agilent Technologies Addressing critical measurement challenges

Collection

2012 ERC

Authors

Reginald Brothers

Foundational Mission Assurance DoD S&T Thrusts Foundations of TrustEmerging Technologies Symposium02/21/2012 Page-13 DoD internal/external engagement Services and Agencies Industry and Academia • DoD Priority Steering • Key Elements of PSC S&T Committees Roadmap shapes: – Membership

Conference Session

Design Cognition III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Identified During Idea GenerationStrategy Description I. Reduce usage To reduce the usage of any energy-consuming device(s). This could be using the devices less often, turning them to a lower power setting, offering fewer devices, or reducing the amount a device needs to be used without changing its efficiency. Solutions ranged from turning off half of the lights to using personal fans instead of AC. II. Increase To replace current energy-consuming devices with those that will be similarly effective but efficiency use less energy. Common examples include replacing incandescent light bulbs with energy- efficient bulbs such as CFL or LED

Conference Session

Global and Cultural Issues in Construction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suat Gunhan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Gulsen Senol, Gediz University İzmır Institute of Technology; Sevgi Zeynep Dogan, Gediz University İzmır Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Construction

, South Africa, May, 2007):2344-2357. 2. Watson, G., Gallagher, K. (2005). “Managing for Results”. 2nd ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. 3. Schaffner, S., R. (2010). “An Examination of Communication Skills in Construction: Their Significance to Leadership”. Master of Science Thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 4. Hoezen, M., Reymen, I., Dewulf, G. (2006). “The Problem of Communication in Construction.” (paper presented at the CIB W96 Adaptables Conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands, July 3-5, 2006). 5. Dainty, A., Moore, D., and Murray, M. (2006). Communication in Construction; Theory and Practice. London & New York: Taylor and Francis, 2006. 6. Eilenberg, I. (2002

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lars K. Hansen, University of Texas, San Antonio; Keith Gerard Delahoussaye Jr., University of Texas, San Antonio ; Ruyan Guo, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Protoboard Type Specification Type Specification Value ELVIS II Board Channels 2 EE Board 4 ELVIS II Board Resolution 16 bit DAC EE Board 14 bit DAC 1 channel: 2.8 MS/s ELVIS II Board Sample rate both channels: 2.0 MS/s EE Board 40 MS/s ELVIS II Board Overdrive protection

Conference Session

Instrumentation Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Masoud Fathizadeh P.E., Purdue University, Calumet; Joseph Edward Cody, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

comprised of two primary systems, a mobile vehicle and remote controlstation. Each system is further broken down into subordinate systems.1. Mobile Vehicle Page 25.397.4The mobile vehicle is a tracked vehicle running a number of sensors and sensor systems toaccomplish the primary task of locating the desired item(s), moving to the item(s) location,providing verification methods of the item(s), and transmitting the item’(s) location back to thecontrol station. a. Drive SystemThe drive system is broken down into two identical halves, one for the port side and one for thestarboard side. Each side operates completely independently of the other

Conference Session

BIM and Virtual Construction Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Hildreth, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Models of Construction Productivity,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 112(2), 245-258.3. Gates, M. and A. Scarpa, (1972), “Learning and Experience Curves,” Journal of the Construction Division, ASCE, 98(CO1), 79-101.4. Parker, H. W. and C. H. Oglesby, (1972), Methods Improvement for Construction Managers, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Page 25.1422.105. Diekmann, J. R., D. l> Horn, and M. H. O’Connor (1982), “Utilization of Learning Curves in Damage for Delay Claims,” Project Management Quarterly, Dec., 67-71.6. Everett, J. G. and S. Farghal, (1994), “Learning Curve Predictors for

Conference Session

New Concepts for Alternative Energy Courses and Concepts

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Max Rabiee P.E. P.E., University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

decrease and hencerotor current and rotor frequency will decrease. Less rotor-current results in a lesser rotorelectromagnetic field. It is therefore impossible, for the rotor to rotate at the speed of the rotatingstator field. Slip is defined as the difference between the rotor speed and stator field speed, andis called synchronous speed. S = (NS - NR ) / NS (11) f r = S*f s = S*f (12) T = K*φ* IR* Cos (θR) (13) P.F.= Cos (θR) = tan-1 ( (f* S*Lr)/Rr) (14)Figure 8 displays the torque-speed characteristic curve of a typical Squirrel Cage Induction

Conference Session

The Role of Engineering in Integrated STEM--uh STEAM--uh Education!

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bettina J. Casad, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Mariappan Jawaharlal, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

guided discovery approach posits that any subject can be taught effectively in someintellectually honest form to any child at any stage of development. A constructivist approach tolearning and teaching is based on the notion that learners construct their own knowledge ratherthan knowledge being transferred into learners‟ brains.8-10 Learners‟ construction of knowledgeis based on their past knowledge, the timeliness of new knowledge, and the learner‟s ability tounderstand the connections. This process forces learners to either modify existing knowledge ordevelop new knowledge. Learning experiences based on constructivism are reflected in popularinstructional strategies such as inquiry based learning11-12, problem based learning (PBL) 13-14

Conference Session

Graduate Education in ETD

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Barbieri, University of North Texas; Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology, Graduate Studies

Technology (ETEC), with at least 50 sustainingenrollments of 200+ students in fall 2010 according to ASEE data. On the other hand, since the1980’s only about 14 institutions have created master’s degrees in ETEC. Some M.S. programshave evolved from Master of Science in Technology (M.S.T.) or Master of Technology (M.T.)versions. One fundamental question posed in the debate is whether ETEC curricula rise to thenecessary scientific rigor of traditional M.S. degrees. This paper asserts that the M.S. in ETECshould stand on equal footing with M.S. programs in any other field and particularly inengineering when viewed from the perspective of (i) the scientific level of graduate ETECcourses; (ii) the roles that ETEC graduates perform in the engineering

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Teaming and Collaboration

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Pistrui, Acumen Dynamics, LLC; John K. Layer, University of Evansville; Sandra L. Dietrich, Eastern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. The Behavior latent variable is defined by the DISC instrument as a measurement model,where the four manifest variables Dominance (D), Influence (I), Steadiness (S), and Compliance(C) are depicted in Figure 3 [18] [19]. D I BEHAVIOR S C Figure 3. Hypothesized KEEN-TTI DISC Measurement ModelIn a similar fashion the Motivation and Skills latent variables are described by specific manifestvariables derived from TTI questionnaire items. The Motivation latent model is described by sixmanifest variables: Theoretical (TH), Aesthetic (AE

Conference Session

Research in Engineering Education I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Loree Dika, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Jae Hoon Lim, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Research We reviewed a total of 13 studies for the second component of our critical analysis.First, we reviewed classic retention studies by Astin 4,29 and Tinto 30, which have been frequentlycited as germinal research linking the construct of social engagement to college student retentionand/or academic success. Nora et al.’s study6 was reviewed as an example of more recentempirical investigations using an extensive national dataset. Next, we analyzed 10 empiricalstudies that examined relationships between peer-oriented social engagement and measures ofcollege student adjustment/persistence (e.g., retention, GPA, other persistence measures) inengineering education. We specified four criteria for the inclusion of a study in our review: a

Conference Session

Methods of Teaching and Learning in Construction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Godfrey Ochieng, Liverpool John Moores University ; Andrew David Price, Loughborough University; Ximing Ruan Ruan, Robert Gordon University; Yassine Melaine, Liverpool John Moores University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

has always been believed that if there is a “fit”between the learner‟s preferred teaching style and method of instruction, the outcome wouldbe happier and more academically successful learners, although research often fails to sustainthis theory6 . As observed from the reviewed literature, one of the main problems inassociating the magnitude of data to successful learning is that knowledge is augmenting at anexponential rate7, 5. If teaching concentrates merely on content and opportunities to developmeta-cognitive strategies are limited, alumni will experience significant difficulty keeping up-to-date with their respective disciplines5. Whilst joining in with the debate, Kolb8 saw learningas a cyclical process comprising of a series of

Conference Session

Retention of Women Students

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ann M. Blasick, Georgia Institute of Technology; Christine Valle, Georgia Institute of Technology; John D. Leonard II, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

graduation rate, assuming continuous enrollment).Ohland et. al. [4] present an extensive analysis of retention measures and studenteducational experiences at the undergraduate level. This paper uses the large, multi-institution dataset MIDFIELD (Multiple-Institution Database for InvestigatingEngineering Longitudinal Development) which contains records of over 75,000 studentsin engineering during the years of 1988 through 1998. Ohland and his colleagues [4, 7]determined that eight-semester persistence is highly predictive of six-year graduationrates. But, using eight-semester persistence can underreport the persistence of women tograduation. In general, it is shown that paths of persistence are nonlinear, gendered andracialized, so that it‟s

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University; Jacquelyn E. Kelly, Arizona State University; Dale R. Baker, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

onReflections. Some quotes on the personal impact of filling in Meta Reflection on Reflections areshown below. Some quotes include:Wrap-up on Points of Interest: Across a semester what was the impact of Interest Points on your attitude & interest?"Relating things to my daily life helps me to retain info better"Wrap-up on Muddiest Points:Did your responses to Muddiest Points help you identify your issues on content andconcepts?"The muddiest point helped me realize what I may not be aware of"Did discussing Muddy Point(s) at the start of next class help your understanding (or not)?"Questions other people asked helped because, many times they were questions I didn't think toask"Wrap-up on Learning Points: Did your responses on Learning Points help you

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ganapathy Subramanian Natarajan, Texas Tech University; Chinweike I Eseonu, Texas Tech University; David A. Wyrick PE, PEM, Texas Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) face different barriers to implement sustainablepractices. Some of the major barriers were consolidated by Natarajan & Wyrick (2011)6. The Page 25.579.3major barriers were finance, lack of expertise, lack of information, and company culture.Similarly there were factors that motivated firms towards better environmental practices. Themajor motivators were legislation, owner(s) perspective, customer demands, and internal drive.SMEs struggle with understanding environmental sustainability due to the lack of people withsustainability education in their organization. In addition an owner or a group of owners

Conference Session

Engineering and Technological Literacy: Past and Future

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven R. Walk, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

time. The technologies included in the broader definition also follow the commonpatterns of adoption and diffusion. Page 25.746.2A technology forecast includes the study of historic data to identify one of several commontechnology diffusion or substitution trends. Patterns to be identified include constant percentagerates of change (so-called “Moore‟s Laws”), logistic growth, logistic substitution, performanceenvelopes, lead/lag (precursor) relationships, anthropological invariants and other phenomena.QTF projections have proven accurate in predicting technological and social change in thousandsof applications as diverse as consumer electronics

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Guo, Stevens Institute of Technology; Shubo Zhang, Stevens Institute of Technology; Arthur B. Ritter FAIMBE, Stevens Institute of Technology; Hong Man, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Page 25.1251.7delivery and teaching pedagogy. Evaluation results show positive learning experiences.Future work includes more pilot-testing in biomedical engineering courses.AcknowledgmentPartial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation's Course,Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement (CCLI) program under Award No. 0837584. Anyopinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are thoseof the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.Bibliography1. Y. Guo, S. Zhang, H. Man, and A. Ritter, “A Case Study on Pill-Sized Robot in Gastro-Intestinal Tract to Teach Robot Programming and Navigation”, Proceedings of ASEE Annual Conference and

Conference Session

Track 1 - Session 2 - Student Development

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Haeseong J. Jee, Hongik University

Tagged Topics

Track 1 - Student Development

GC 2012-5643: DESIGN EDUCATIONS FOR STUDENTS AT MECHANI-CAL ENGINEERINGHaeseong J. Jee, Hongik University Haeseong J. Jee, Professor, Hongik University B. S. in Mechanical Engineering, Seoul Nat’l University in Korea Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering, MIT NIST in Gaithersburg, Maryland Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hongik University in Korea Page 17.14.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012DESIGN EDUCATIONS FOR STUDENTS AT MECHANICALENGINEERINGHaeseong J. Jee, Professor, Hongik UniversityB. S. in Mechanical Engineering, Seoul Nat‟l University in Korea Ph. D. in

Conference Session

Design Cognition II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shraddha Sangelkar, Texas A&M University, College Station; Daniel A. McAdams, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

components: a) body functions and structures and b) activities andparticipations. Body functions and structures are useful from biomechanical perspective ofproduct design. However, for the description of user activities related to a consumer product, thecomponent activities and participation seems appropriate. Sangelkar has detailed the structuralorganization of ICF as applicable to universal design 10.The ICF uses an alphanumeric system of classification. The letters b, s, d, and e are used toexpress the body functions, body structures, activities and participation, and environmentalfactors, respectively. The letter is followed by a numeric code; first digit of which is the chapter

Conference Session

Future Directions of Continuing Professional Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen W. Crown, University of Texas, Pan American; Arturo A. Fuentes, University of Texas, Pan American; Robert A. Freeman, University of Texas, Pan American

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

paper.Bibliography1. Fuentes, A. A., Crown, S., Freeman, R., Vasquez, H., Villalobos, C., Gonzalez, M., and Ramirez, O., “IncreasingStudent Access, Retention, and Graduation Through and Integrated STEM Pathways Support Initiative for the RioSouth Texas Region”, Proceedings of the 2009 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Austin, Texas, June 14-17(2009).2. Freeman, R., Fuentes, A., Vasquez, H., Crown, S., Villalobos, C., Wrinkle, R., Ramirez, O., and Gonzalez, M.,“Increasing Student Access, Retention, and Graduation Through an Integrated STEM Pathways Support Initiativefor the Rio South Texas Region – Year One Activities and Results”, ASEE Annual Conference, Louisville,Kentucky, 2010.3. Crown, S., Fuentes, A., and Freeman, R., “A Successful Plan for

Conference Session

Thinking About the Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judith A. Sunderman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Raymond L. Price, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. 10 The curriculum incubator was developed as a protected space and time for faculty toexplore and adapt approaches to teaching and learning. Because the concept of curriculumincubation is new there is little research or theory to guide development of the incubator oranticipate its effectiveness. Since educational improvement is an institutional commitment withoutcomes demonstrated over a long period of time, it is important to determine whether theconcept of curriculum incubation has merit, the potential to produce innovative instructionaldesigns and long-term educational improvement.Incubation Theory The idea of incubation as a protected environment for nurturing change began in the1950’s with the invention of business

Conference Session

Capstone Design and Innovations in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhittin Yilmaz, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Selahattin Ozcelik, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Nuri Yilmazer, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Reza Nekovei, Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

) ( (b)Figure 3.. The Robotiics-I course student s interrests in a) Roobotics, and b) A career in Roboticsbefore annd after this classThe studeents also rateed the Robotics-I activitties that increeased their robotics r undeerstanding and ainterests,, engineering g interests ass well as theiir improved skills, as shoown in Fig. 4-a-b, whereeteamworkk and engineeering designn skills, andd BEST robotics competiition along with w middle-highschool mentoring m greeatly benefittted the

Collection

2012 ERC

Authors

Van Stephen Blackwood

PortfolioGoals for AFOSR to strengthen the Air Force basic researchprogram as defined in AF S&T Strategic Plan: • Provide scientific leadership for the AF basic research enterprise • Attract the Nation’s/World’s best S&Es to contribute to and lead AF/DoD research • Ensure the coherence and balance of the AF basic research portfolio • Foster connections between AFRL researchers and the National/International basic research community • Maximize the discovery potential of the defense research business environment Focus on the Future AF with the ultimate goal to make Today’s AF and Tomorrow’s AF Obsolete! 7 Shaping the

Conference Session

Innovations in Materials Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qu Jin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; P.K. Imbrie, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Materials

, 361-367 (1995).4 Walden, S. E. & Foor, C. "What's to Keep You from Dropping Out?''Student Immigration into and within Engineering. Journal of Engineering Education 97, 191-205 (2008).5 Shivy, V. A. & Sullivan, T. N. Engineering Students' Perceptions of Engineering Specialties. Journal of Vocational Behavior 67, 87-101 (2005).6 Brown, D. in A Cognitive Information Processing Approach to Career Problem Solving and Decision Making (eds Gary W. Peterson, James P. Sampson, Janet G. Lenz, & Robert C. Reardon) (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002).7 McLennan, N. A. & Arthur, N. Applying the Cognitive Information Processing Approach to Career Problem Solving and Decision Making to

Conference Session

Research on Engineering Design Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Page 25.475.6 existing systemIn addition to individual quality scores, we calculated an overall innovation score, which was thefifth root of the product of each category score. This method retained the 1-5 scale and rewardedconsistent ideas (e.g. an idea that scored all 3’s is more innovative than an idea that scored two1’s and two 5’s). Once scoring was complete, we calculated the mean (out of five) and standarddeviation in each category and for overall innovativeness.ResultsStudents identified 26 unique solutions to the design problem. Among these, automatic lighting,energy-efficient lighting, and renewable energy devices (including solar panels, piezo-electricflooring, windmills, and river turbines) were the most

Conference Session

Capstone Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manish Paliwal, College of New Jersey; Bijan Sepahpour, College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, Page 25.100.2students need to have an advisor from their respective program. The elements emphasized andadopted to promote project evaluation practices include periodic review of journal/log bookentries, presentations, periodic milestone reports, at least weekly meetings with the advisor(s),and the final design report.IntroductionDue to its culminating nature, the senior design project course is probably the most significantexperience of the undergraduate engineering students (1). In the process the students apply whatthey have learned in their undergraduate course work; develop their communication,interpersonal, project management, and design skills; and learn about the product developmentprocess. Students also get an understanding of the

Conference Session

Approaches to Teaching Ethics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn A. Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

problematic. Since most people domake a living by working, does this mean that everyone is a professional? And if everyone is aprofessional, then why bother to use the term? Seeing everyone as a professional actually has theeffect of demeaning the true professional, who has sacrificed considerable time and money toacquire expertise in a field that s/he has made a lifelong commitment to.Professionalism according to the LiteratureThe literature defining professionalism is rich, varied, and contradictory, constituting a body ofknowledge in itself. A brief tour of selected books and articles reveals a definition ofprofessionalism that counters the popular notion, one that for many students is foreign territory.While sociologist E. C. Hughes (1958) argues

Conference Session

Engineering Education for Modern Needs Part II: Novel Curriculum Development and Project-based Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Shadle, Boise State University; Louis Nadelson, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

AC 2012-5516: PROMOTING STEM FACULTY MEMBERS’ REFLECTIONON THEIR LEARNING PERCEPTIONS AND TEACHING PRACTICESSusan ShadleDr. Louis Nadelson, Boise State University Louis S. Nadelson is an Associate Professor in the College of Education at Boise State University. His research interests include STEM teaching and learning, faculty development, in-service and pre-service teacher professional development, program evaluation, and multidisciplinary research. He has published research ranging from faculty professional development to the impact of inquiry on STEM learning. Nadelson earned a B.S. degree in biological and physics science from Colorado State University, a B.A. with concentrations in computing, mathematics, and

Conference Session

FPD X: Addressing Retention in the First Year

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian P. DeJong, Central Michigan University; Joseph Langenderfer, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

persistence rates, CMICH is on the low end: 27% versus the range of 30% to 91% citedabove. With respect to technology programs, CMICH is most similar to Purdue (64%) and PSU(30%). However, with respect to size, ASU (74%) or PSU Surveying (76%) seems moreappropriate. In this sense, the lessons presented here fill a gap in the persistence literatureespecially in terms of young engineering programs.3. MethodsData were collected for six years in two forms: transcript information and brief in-class surveys.The six years correspond to twelve semesters: six fall semesters and six spring semesters. Here,a semester is referred as the academic year with a “F” or “S” for fall or spring; e.g., the lastsemester examined was the spring of the 2010-2011 year, or