Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

making based on initial problem articulation to address tradeoffs,performance, design requirements, and broader impacts. The challenges allow for peer teaching andclass discussions of what answers/decisions are justifiable, as well as an opportunity to clear up anymisconceptions. Table 2: Summary of In-class Activities Analysis Phase Multidisciplinary Systems for In-class PBL Activities Coffee maker, Vehicle suspension, Land use planning, Wyndor Glass Co. Define manufacturing, Radiation therapy treatment design Represent Stereo speaker, Vehicle suspension, Student motivation to study in college Stereo speaker

Conference Session

Curricular and Non-curricular Models for Diverse Learners in Engineering

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gustavo B. Menezes, California State University, Los Angeles; Adel A. Sharif, California State University, Los Angeles; Arturo Pacheco-Vega, California State University, Los Angeles; Deborah Soonmee Won, California State University, Los Angeles; Tonatiuh Rodriguez-Nikl, California State University, Los Angeles; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Crist Simon Khachikian, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

design and/or solve engineering problems using theoretical, experimental, and numerical approaches, while appreciating the applicability and limitations of these approaches. Students will be able to think critically, analyze data, and generate appropriate data if needed. They will also be able to communicate their results and findings both orally and in writing. Above all, they will be prepared to successfully complete their engineering education.These objectives were distilled down to specific student learning outcomes (SLOs) that areshown in the figure below. By focusing on the objectives and SLOs of the core program, wewere able to avoid focusing on the traditional linear progression of core content and have begundeveloping

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven J. Burian, University of Utah; Defne S. Apul, University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

specific skills were then elaborated as quantitative and qualitative skills as below:Qualitative learning objectives: 1. Explain what constitutes weak (and strong) technical writing style in a journal paper 2. List the phases of an LCA and explain what is done in each phase 3. Discuss the similarities and differences between EIOLCA and process based LCA 4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of process based and EIOLCA 5. Discuss the similarities and differences between ReCiPe and TRACI impact assessment methods 6. Determine the appropriate functional unit for an LCA 7. List online resources for following LCA literature 8. List names and regions (where they were developed) of major life cycle inventory databases 9. List

Conference Session

Identity and Engineering: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renata A Revelo, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

intangible factors that students use to identify asengineers such as “making competent design decisions, working with others to share ideas andaccepting responsibility”4. At minority serving institutions, African American and Latina/ostudents’ identity development is shaped by the positive experiences with faculty and peers intheir programs25. In identifying as engineers, students express a certain pride in the rite ofpassage of overcoming the challenges of the engineering curriculum3,25. There are some genderdifferences with regards to engineering identity; women are less likely to identify as engineersthan men, especially freshmen female students4. Significance of Study The majority of the research in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Andrews Paulsen, Concord Evaluation Group; Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tamecia R. Jones, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Marisa Wolsky, WGBH Educational Foundation

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

 significantly more likely to attend college and three times as likely to major in engineering than compared to a group of students  21​with similar background and achievement in science and math.​  A similar study was conducted in order to evaluate Project Lead the Way (PLTW), a non­profit organization that promotes pre­engineering courses in middle and high schools. This study found that PLTW graduates were five times more likely to select engineering courses compared to first­time freshmen at four­year  22 institutions, and their average freshman GPA was higher than their peers.​  Because there is

Conference Session

Self-efficacy and Emotion: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Hirshfield, University of Michigan; Debbie Chachra, Olin College of Engineering; Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan; Jeremy M. Goodman, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

were most involved in creating it; students who participated less in thetechnical aspects of projects may not observe the same improvements in engineering self-efficacy as their more-involved peers. Page 26.1328.2In this study, we are focusing on the relationship between the tasks that students take on inproject work and student’s beliefs and characteristics: specifically, academic self-confidence,engineering self-efficacy and gender. We are examining the relationship between the tasks thatstudents take on during a project course and the students’ incoming and outgoing confidence andself-efficacy levels, by exploring the following research

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard L. Zollars, Washington State University; Christopher Hundhausen, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University; Derrick Wayne Smith, University of Alabama in Huntsville; Adam Scott Carter, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

results from the past three years of SBL activities, will be presented. Studio-Based Learning Studio-based learning (SBL) techniques have been used in a variety of disciplines, most notably in architectural education. 2 The technique is rooted in a type of constructivist learning theory called sociocultural constructivism. 3 The SBL approach typically encompasses four key steps (see Figure 1). 4 First, students are given meaningful problems for which they have to construct solutions. Second, students present theirConstruct Present solutions to the entire class for discussion and feedback. Third, students’ peers

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Faculty and Gender Issues

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kacey D. Beddoes, Oregon State University; Corey T. Schimpf, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

education research, interdisciplinarity, peer review, engineers’ epistemologies, and global engineering education.Mr. Corey T Schimpf, Purdue University, West LafayetteDr. Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette Alice Pawley is an Associate Professor in the School of Engineering Education and an affiliate faculty member in the Gender, Women’s and Sexuality Studies Program and the Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering at Purdue University. She was co-PI of Purdue’s ADVANCE program from 2008-2014, focusing on the underrepresentation of women in STEM faculty positions. She runs the Feminist Research in Engineering Education (FREE, formerly RIFE, group), whose diverse projects and group members are

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franz J. Rueckert, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

eventually raises aWIT flag. Each stage acts as a showcase for a particular topic. At the midpoint of the semester,the groups present the RGMs to the class. Their presentations must explain how each stageoperates and the chosen physics principle it demonstrates. The group is graded on the physicscontent of their presentation, their adherence to criteria, and an individual schematic write-up. Aportion of the grade is reserved for an undefined “wow factor.” The details of the latter are leftpurposely ambiguous. Designers flourish mastering the interplay between aesthetics and utility,and rise to an open ended challenge. Page 26.615.4Figure 1 An

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lulu Sun, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach; Christina Frederick, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

visuals. Some topics are multiple choice reading and writing more engineering Learning not well explained. No questions but no in their challenging project to enough self testing simple programs. programming problems to challenge questions in the Facebook is used language by solving synthetize their screencasts. but there is no different what they have understanding group discussion. engineering learned. and expand problems

Conference Session

Curriculum in Engineering Leadership Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clinton Stephens, Iowa State University; Katherine Lynn Friesen, College of Engineering, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

leader and leadership,identifying that leadership is a process and a leader engages individuals in the process (Guthrie,Jones, Osteen, & Hu, 2013). Students also evaluate the role of followers in the leadershipprocess. Challenging students to consider personal values and beliefs about leadership, they areasked to design personal vision statements that will demonstrate their commitment to ongoingtechnical and leadership development. Professional outcomes include technical success, degreeprogram completion, resume development, and resume building. Individual outcomes includecongruence of values and actions.   Assessing the individual learning module, we recommend students write and justify theirpersonal definition of a leader

Conference Session

Discussions on Research Methodology: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent K Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sang Eun Woo, Purdue University; Qin Zhu, Purdue University; Kavitha D Ramane, Purdue University ; Neha Choudhary, Purdue University Programs

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

commentariesfocused on concepts like “research quality,” “rigor,” and “systematic research,” as well asaccompanying shifts in the various criteria used to evaluate funding proposals and peer reviewedpapers. The field’s topical foci are also something of a moving target given a long and episodichistory of efforts to reinvent the form and content of engineering curricula. As the methods anddesired outcomes of engineering instruction change, so does the engineering education researchagenda. Further worth noting are rising pressures to relate research to practice, as reflected inmandates to identify the “broader impacts” associated with scholarly work in the field.This paper speaks to these challenges through the lens of our team’s recent experiences workingon a

Conference Session

Leadership Development in Change: A Panel to Explore Experiences, Skills, and Learning in Change Management for New Engineering Educators

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ella Lee Ingram, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

disciplinary-based education research forher professional development. The area of her focus is in an advanced area of her discipline (e.g.,not the first-year experience), although she will not have a Ph.D. in this area. During her M.S.degree (which was disciplinary, rather than education focused), she undertook a substantial revi-sion to the way in which disciplinary writing conventions were taught and assessed in an upper-level undergraduate course.Julian is a full professor in an engineering department at teaching-focused college (in the area inwhich he earned his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D.). Julian’s primary efforts involve teaching undergrad-uate courses, participating in major departmental efforts and innovations, and contributing tolarger

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Elby, University of Maryland, College Park; Eric Kuo, Stanford University; Ayush Gupta, University of Maryland, College Park; Michael M. Hull, Wayne State College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

’ traditional problem-solving.8 But instructor effects might account forsome of these results, since more dedicated instructors are perhaps more likely to attemptreforms. Mazur’s study at Harvard8 avoided this issue, since he gave the same exam to his ownstudents 6 years apart; but the small gains in problem-solving performance he documented (from63% to 69% correct) could have arisen from his improved skill, developed over six years, atteaching problem-solving efficiently, enabling him to spend some class time on Peer Instructionwithout a trade-off. Furthermore, the lack of any published PER results (that we know of)highlighting a trade-off, such as higher conceptual gains at the expense of lower performance ontraditional problems, could result from

Conference Session

Multidisiplinary Student Research Experiences

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom A. Eppes, University of Hartford; Ivana Milanovic, University of Hartford

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

menu ofchoices, identify resources and supply relevant literature background.Faced with this issue, we introduced strategies and tools to help students explore potentialresearch topics in a timely manner through log-files and discussions with peers and faculty.Once the question was formulated in the timely manner, students were usually able to identifyresources and gather necessary information. In most cases, the proposed scope of work wasoverly ambitious and did not consider the need to validate the simulation data, and facultyintervention to correct deficiencies was required.Throughout the semester, we help students develop skills in technical report writing andcommunicating orally. We emphasize that organizing information into a coherent

Conference Session

Dynamics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianno Coller, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

the class sizewas smaller and it was more convenient to run a Think-Pair-Share6 activity, not all that differentfrom Mazur’s Peer Instruction pedagogy. When I ask students to explain their answers to thequalitative concept questions, I was astonished to discover that students rarely drew free bodydiagrams. They ignored the physical principles discussed in class and, instead, relied on theirown physical intuition. Mazur2 reported something similar when he recalled a student asking,“… how should I answer these questions? According to what you taught us, or by the way I thinkabout these things?”During the recitation sections, starting in 2007, we would discuss how the systematic problem-solving process, including free body diagrams, could be

Conference Session

Enviromental Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Marincel Payne, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Michael Robinson P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jennifer Mueller PE P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

engineering.Prefer thesis-based: • Thesis forces students to develop independent thinking skills including the ability to identify and acquire any necessary resources and new skills largely on their own. • Communication (technical writing, presentation, team management) and time management skills developed during a thesis are beneficial in the work environment. • A thesis allows us to see and evaluate a body of work.What skills (technical and nontechnical) do you expect Master of Environmental Engineeringgraduates to possess over those of their B.S. Civil Engineering peers? • Solid understanding of basic concepts/technologies in the field with ability to design systems from problem to solution. • Advanced fundamental

Conference Session

Something New??? within Engineering Design Graphics Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Daniel Kostar, Daniel Webster College; John Glossner, Daniel Webster College; Linda Marquis, Daniel Webster College; Nicholas Bertozzi, Daniel Webster College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

EG 201 Principles of Psychology College Writing & Physics I & Lab College Writing Physics II & Lab

Conference Session

Design and Research in BME

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yawen Li, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Page 26.672.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Enhancing undergraduate education through research-based learning: a longitudinal case studyAbstractVarious surveys of employers about college graduates have revealed three major complaints:poor writing and verbal skills, inability to problem-solve, and difficulties workingcollaboratively with other professionals. This can be partly attributed to the traditional lecture-based instruction students typically receive throughout their college education. Often, studentsare not effectively motivated to grasp the course materials and fail to connect them to the realworld. An alternative student-centered, inductive approach involving

Conference Session

Measurement and Instrumentation

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian M Frank, Queen's University; James A. Kaupp, Queen's University; Natalie Simper, Queen's University; Jill Scott, Queen's University, Kingston (Canada)

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

with students writing the test in a secure browser. The test takes 90 minutes tocomplete, with 60 minutes allotted to the performance task and 30 minutes allotted to the selectedresponse questions.The core of the CLA+, the performance task, is used to measure critical thinking, problem solvingand written communication and remains the key focus of the CLA+. The performance taskspresents a real-world situation in which students assume an appropriate role to address theproblem, identify a solution, or provide conclusions and recommendations resulting from careful Page 26.1176.4analysis of the provided evidence. The student responses in the

Conference Session

Dynamics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremiah J. Neubert, University of North Dakota; Joel Kevin Ness, University of North Dakota

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

with on a weekly basis. Groups that contained students from underrepresented groupswere paired with a similar supervisor when possible. This decision was based on research withpeer mentoring programs which indicated that such peers became role models to the students andaided in persistence9,12.Prior to meeting with the students, supervisors attended a training session. The training sessionbegan with an explanation of the program. During this explanation the instructor emphasizedthat the supervisions were intended to be a positive learning experience for the students.Mistakes should be used to help teach students and should not be penalized. In addition, thetraining session also provided the supervisors with information on common learning

Conference Session

Research to Practice: STRAND 5 Other Topics in K-12 Engineering Education.

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Cozzens, Southern Utah University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

and feedbackfrom the pilot course. According to Harriman5, the key to effective curriculum is makingsure that the needs of the student, the instruction, and the delivery mechanism are allcongruent with one another. Before being able to meet the needs of the students, theinstructor must know what those needs are. Because there are many various learning styles,the curriculum has implemented one of the more popular style surveys VARK (Visual, Aural,Reading & Writing, Kinesthetic). VARK is sometimes criticized for lacking empiricalsupport but continues to remain popular in education6.The curriculum has also incorporated the Community of Enquiry Framework7 by whichpresents the concept that students participating in community engagement can

Conference Session

Computers in Education Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lulu Sun, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach; Yan Tang, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

skills through writing and open-ended questions can closelyapproximate the type of problems they will face on the job16. Based on the student responses, theinstructor can choose to either continue with further instruction or pause to clarify anymisconception and promote class discussion. At the end of the semester, students were asked to complete an anonymous survey on theBlackboard learning management system to gauge their attitude and experiences with this pollingsystem. Page 26.1765.4Figure 1. A snapshot of a multiple choice question in a PowerPoint slide, and student responseson PollEverywhere.com from Graphical Communications.Figure 2. A

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine G. Nicometo, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jeffrey S. Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

) o Online office hours with instructor/TA (S) o Recorded lectures or other video content (A) o Instructor and peer assessment of activities (A/S) • Engage key faculty from content area home-departments to lead instruction • Keep course section enrollment to <30 students/section • Use EPD standardized course documentation that includes: o Clear learning objectives that drive course activity o Lessons and assessment deliverables that support identified learning objectives o Schedule and deadline expectations that are clearly outlined • Use a singular, consistent Learning Management System (LMS) to host each course, regardless of the student’s home program LMS platform

Conference Session

Teaching the Business Side of Construction

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Lopez Del Puerto, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez ; Tim L. Mrozowski, Michigan State University; Lawrence F. Kruth, Douglas Steel Fabricating Corporation; Thomas J. Schlafly, American Institute of Steel Construction; Omar I. Molina Bas, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

with worker training. Thetraining consists of peer to peer activity based learning. The training covers potential hazardexposures that flow from warehousing and processing tasks such as off-loading and loadingmaterials, movement of material by overhead crane, forklift, loaders or by hand, falls fromequipment or loads, struck by or caught between accidents, musculoskeletal injuries due tolifting, bending or working overhead, electrical equipment operation and maintenance requiringsafe practices and lock-out/tag-out, and chemical processes. Educational materials consist of asix contact hour worker training which includes activity based learning, PowerPointpresentations, demonstration materials, trainee workbooks and a learning outcomes

Conference Session

Design Throughout the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aaron Lalley P.E., South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Mark David Bedillion, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Michael Langerman, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Umesh A. Korde, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

under which Page 26.564.3equilibrium is valid; definitions of normal and shear stresses and failure criteria for yielding;hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, and the Reynolds number; and energy conservation via the firstlaw and the second law’s implications for efficiency. In addition to this focus on fundamentals,students are required to develop communication skills via memo writing on various topics.A secondary aim of the course is to development basic SolidWorks proficiency, which providesthe link between the two freshman courses. Students are provided with custom tutorials to learnthe basics of 3-D modeling and drawing generation; these

Conference Session

Broadening Participation in Engineering

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary W Behm, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); Raja S Kushalnagar, Rochester Institute of Technology; Joseph S. Stanislow, National Technical Institute for the Deaf; Aaron Weir Kelstone, RIT/NTID

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

look away from RTD tosearch and observe details in the lecture visual as shown in Figure 1. They risk losinginformation, which can slow down or even derail learning. As a result, they spend far less timewatching lecture visuals and comprehend less information than their hearing peers. The ability tofollow lectures with dispersed visuals is difficult without accessible technology.  We address two major barriers in using RTD. First, the audio-to-visual nature of RTD creates asimultaneous visual for the student, who is forced to choose and switch between reading theRTD and the current visual (e.g., slides or whiteboard). If the student looks at the RT, they willmiss the whiteboard or vice-versa as shown in Figure 1. Second, as the presenter moves

Conference Session

Design and Assessment of Graduate Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Homero Gregorio Murzi, Virginia Tech; Prateek Shekhar, University of Texas, Austin; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

India.Dr. Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa D. McNair is an Associate Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she also serves as co-Director of the VT Engineering Communication Center (VTECC). Her research interests include interdisciplinary collaboration, design education, communication studies, identity theory and re- flective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include exploring disciplines as cultures, interdisciplinary pedagogy for pervasive computing design; writing across the curriculum in Statics courses; as well as a CAREER award to explore the use of e-portfolios to promote professional identity and reflective practice

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks - Session I

Collection

2015 ASEE International Forum

Authors

S. Zahra Atiq, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Xin Chen, Purdue University, West Lafayette; David Daniel Cox, Harvard University; Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity, International Forum

fields 3. Weexamine “active learning” in this study by applying Chi’s ICAP framework4,5. This frameworkmakes a hierarchical distinction between levels of “active learning”: 1) Passive consumption ofinformation as a baseline, 2) Active learning, which involves manipulating instructionalmaterials or content (e.g., pausing and playing a video) and therefore demands focused attention(e.g., recording pause/play click behavior or recording eye-tracking in videos), 3) Constructive Page 19.23.2learning activities, which require users to generate content (e.g., writing on a blog, responding toan appropriately-vague hint), thereby requiring knowledge

Conference Session

Perspectives on Degree Completion and Graduate School Application

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio; Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

actively seek classes and instructors in which to easily earn “A” gradesand the advent of internet resources is making the search easier for students13,14.At the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, beginning in the Fall 2014, the transcript willinclude (1) the student’s grade, (2) the median grade of classmates, (3) and the number of studentin the class15,16. The additional information on the transcript shows the student’s performancerelative to their peers. The proposed contextual grading is expected to place the “spotlight” oncourses with high grade distributions. Transcripts typically have the semester and cumulativeGrade Point Average (GPA). It will now show the student’s Schedule Point Average (SPA)which is the average grade for the