Conference Session

FPD 4: First-Year Engineering Courses, Part I: Multimedia, Large Classes, and TAs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly C. Huett, University of West Georgia; Barbara B. Kawulich, University of West Georgia; P.K. Raju, Mechanical Engineering Dept, Auburn University,Al; Chetan S Sankar, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

of a stretch. We were talking about upgrading to Windows NT.Student perceptions of Chick-fil-A case study. Overall, RU students preferred the second casestudy undertaken in the course, the Chick-fil-A case study. Reasons given for liking it includedthese:  Because it had the three different computer programs. Each group was assigned one it had to defend.  Because I can see this situation working out in a future career/company situation.One student described the Chick-fil-A case study as “useful” in spite of a few perceiveddrawbacks. Among these, one RU student “[wished] that there had been more material. Fivegroups created some overlap. I wish that each group had its own product to defend.”One challenge several TU

Conference Session

Classes in Entrepreneurship

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

productsImproper use: In Innovative: an office supply company name Innovative mounts: web company that sells motor mount partsActivity: Find irrelevant information in a middle school mathematics bookLook at middle school book find 5 irrelevant pieces of infoStudents’ ideas: An explanation how to use a basic calculator Page 23.1302.9 Career choice mentions which are non-math related Chapters that depict photos that are irrelevant to the material (photo of a child skating) Irrelevant stories to make certain points (ex: a long story about dogs in order to introducean example of percentage graphics) Homework does not

Conference Session

Software and Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

manager and senior con- sultant. He has taught and developed undergraduate and graduate courses in electronics, power systems, control and power electronics, electric machines, instrumentation, radar and remote sensing, numerical methods and data analysis, space and atmosphere physics, and physics. His research interests included power system stability, control and protection, renewable energy system analysis, assessment and design, power electronics and electric machines for wind energy conversion, radar and remote sensing, wave and turbulence simulation, measurement and modeling, numerical modeling, electromagnetic compatibility and engineering education. During his career Dr. Belu published several papers in

Conference Session

Misconceptions

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Venters, Virginia Tech; Lisa DuPree McNair, Virginia Tech; Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Department Head of Graduate Education and co-Director of the VT Engineering Communication Center (VTECC). She received her PhD in Linguistics from the University of Chicago and an M.A. and B.A. in English from the University of Georgia. Her research interests include interdis- ciplinary collaboration, design education, communication studies, identity theory and reflective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include interdisciplinary pedagogy for pervasive computing design; writing across the curriculum in Statics courses; as well as a National Science Foun- dation CAREER award to explore the use of e-portfolios for graduate students to promote professional identity and reflective practice. Her

Conference Session

Computers in Education (CoED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Neelam Soundarajan, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

ideas (the “BP” of the lastsection) and requiring them, as PICOLA will, to engage in discussions that each student is requiredto summarize at appropriate points will enable all students to develop a good understanding ofthe material. At the same time, as noted at the end of the last section, cases where an entire 4 At the same time, many software engineers, especially early in their professional careers, tend to get carried awayand implement features simply because of their technical novelty rather than because they provide justifiable added Page 23.1391.11value to the users of the system. We will return to this point

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Niewoehner, U.S. Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

, professional Page 13.917.15ethics would no longer describe the avoidance of evil, but the pursuit of the noble,excellent and good. We should explore beauty as an ethical duty, and virtue as the pursuitof beauty in our products and the effect they have on people. Hence, we might then notonly proscribe the unsafe and environmentally reckless, but also disdain the tawdry, dirty,ugly, or maliciously destructive. If Christians going into our fields were imbued with thissense of an engineer’s calling, it might shape their career choices and projects to whichthey devote their lives. If Christian scholars sought to further develop this understandingof

Conference Session

Smarter Strategies: Evolving Tools for Engineering Management Excellence

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Lu, USC Viterbi School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management Division (EMD)

successful role models? 3. How is the PDM measured? 4. What are the environmental success factors for a PDM? 5. What are the best practices of a PDM? 6. What are the challenges and risks? 7. How PDMs are selected and what are the typical career paths? 8. How do companies train PDMs and grow their skills and competences? 9. Which external standards related to product management are used? 10. Are external certifications used for product management?These researchers then described challenges the PDM needs to address. They are: 1. Dysfunctional organization with unclear responsibilities and silo work which results in continuously changing focus and schedules. 2. No standardized processes across the company with a slow and

Conference Session

Innovative Pedagogies and Assessment Strategies

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura P Ford, The University of Tulsa; Janie Brennan, Washington University in St. Louis; Heather Chenette, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Matthew Cooper, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Kevin D. Dahm, Rowan University; Luke Landherr, Northeastern University; David L. Silverstein P.E., University of Mississippi; Stephen Ward Thiel P.E., University of Cincinnati; Troy J. Vogel, University of Notre Dame; Jacqueline Gartner Ph.D., Campbell University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

discussion in this paper, the courses have been divided by the term in theseries. The “first-term” course is not necessarily offered in the fall term of the first year of astudent’s college career– this is merely the first term of the transport series, if there is one. Analternative arrangement would be to organize the courses by primary topic (fluid mechanics, heattransfer, mass transfer, binary combinations, and ternary combinations) no matter what term, andthis was used a secondary organizing principle within the term structure.Results and Discussion OverviewThe 94 courses are primarily junior-year courses, with 22% in the sophomore year, 71% junioryear, and 7% senior year. This agrees well with the most recent curriculum survey in theliterature

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 10

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu, Drexel University; Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University; Donald Fehlinger, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

experience introduced in senior design has the potential of providing students withresearch opportunities otherwise unavailable to them, having an enormous impact on theirprofessional trajectory, from career choices to life-long learning.Both industry-sponsored capstone design projects and research heavy senior design projectsprovide the opportunity to develop student-mentor relationships, hand-on experience, and self-learning about chosen topics. [12, 16, 19]REU integrates interdisciplinary approaches to teaching problem-solving and critical thinking,often with broader societal goals like sustainability, ethics, and decision-making [7, 20].Similarly, capstone design courses aim to prepare students for the transition to professionalengineering

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND) Technical Session 3

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micheal Oketunde Okegbola, Morgan State University; Oludare Adegbola Owolabi P.E., Morgan State University; Pelumi Olaitan Abiodun, Morgan State University; Olushola V. Emiola-Owolabi, Morgan State University; Julius Ogaga Etuke, Morgan State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)

Civil Engineering, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland. Pelumi got his BSc and MSc degree in Physics from Obafemi Awolowo University, where he also served as a research assistant at the Environmental Pollution Research unit, in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. As part of his contribution to science and engineering, Pelumi has taught as a teaching assistant both at Morgan State University and Obafemi Awolowo University. With passion to communicate research findings and gleaned from experts in the field as he advances his career, Olaitan has attended several in-persons and virtual conferences and workshop, and at some of them, made presentation on findings on air pollution, waste water reuse, and heavy metal contamination.Dr

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 10: Institutions and Structures

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Casey Gibson, National Academy of Engineering; David A. Butler, National Academy of Engineering; Davis Chacon-Hurtado, University of Connecticut

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

thattargets underserved areas. They can advocate for policy reforms that ensure fair access to affordable, safewater and incorporate best practices and technologies to improve water reliability and safety. Engineerscan also contribute to capacity building by training and upskilling local community members to maintainand manage water systems sustainably, ensuring that solutions are both effective and long-lasting. Joneshas done much of this work herself throughout her 30+ year career in civil and environmentalengineering, not only as a professor, but also as former Chair of the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency’s Science Advisory Board and Chair of the National Science Foundation’s Advisory Committeeon Environmental Research and Education, where her

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS) Technical Session - Ethics education methodologies and interventions

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edwin R. Schmeckpeper P.E., Norwich University; Ashley Ater Kranov, Washington State University; Michael B. Kelley P.E., Norwich University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)

University’s Experience Teaching and Assessing Student Learning of Professional Skills Using the EPSA MethodIntroductionProficiency in engineering professional skills, such as ethics, communication skills, andteamwork, are critical for success in the multidisciplinary, intercultural team interactions thatcharacterize 21st century engineering careers. Boeing’s list of “Desired Attributes of anEngineer” specifically include “Good communications skills”, “High ethical standards”, “Aprofound understanding of the importance of teamwork”, “Understanding of the context in whichEngineering is practiced”, and “Curiosity and a desire to learn for life”[1]. Engineering programaccrediting bodies worldwide recognize this importance and have required

Conference Session

Preparing Future Chemical Engineers

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sourojeet Chakraborty Ph.D., EIT, Johns Hopkins University; Daniela Galatro, University of Toronto

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

parallel, Industry 4.0 (I.D. 4.0) is correspondingly transforming to I.D. 5.0, and HEIs need to be mindful andaccordingly produce university graduates who are perceived as valuable and can secure lucrative career prospects, inan ever-evolving global landscape. This pivotal work lays out a comprehensive, elaborate procedural foundation tomap E.D. 4.0 to E.D. 5.0 (thereby also catalyzing the E.D. 5.0 to I.D. 5.0 transformation) devoid of any a prioriassumptions, demonstrating the universal, reproducible nature of our work.KeywordsEducation 4.0 (E.D. 4.0), Education 5.0 (E.D. 5.0), Industry 4.0 (I.D. 4.0), Industry 5.0 (I.D. 5.0), Society 5.0,Pedagogy, Bibliometric Analysis, Curriculum Design, Higher Education Institutes (HEIs).IntroductionThe world

Conference Session

Tech Session 3: Emerging Trends in Engineering Education: AI, Clean Energy, and Curriculum Design

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Yukio Takara, Carnegie Mellon University; Fethiye Ozis P.E., Carnegie Mellon University; Allison E. Connell Pensky, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering & Sustainability Division (ENVIRON)

experience by summarizing complex ideas, providing immediatepersonalized feedback, improving confidence in technical skills like programming, andstreamlining literature reviews and online research [25, 29]. In addition to integrating GenAI toolsinto their education, students have shown an interest in integrating them into their future careers aswell, indicating their understanding or belief that GenAI tools will become an important part ofindustry practice in the near future [30]. It is also found that students who have a greater priorknowledge of or familiarity with using AI tools are more likely to have a positive attitude andacceptance of these tools in their learning [31]. Students have also demonstrated an understandingof the limitations of

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Track 2.D

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan Tsang, University of California, Davis; SYDNEY Y WOOD, University of California, Davis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

long-term effects of chatbot usage students’ university careers? • How does LLM usage affect learning efficiency as opposed to quality?7 ConclusionIn this study, we investigated the short-term impacts of LLM-based chatbot usage during self-regulated learning on subsequent assessment performance. Our exploratory study reveals thatwhile students exhibit a positive attitude towards using LLM-based chatbots for self-regulatedlearning tasks, these tools do not significantly influence performance outcomes in an upper-divisionembedded systems lab. This could imply that students have a tendency to overestimate the useful-ness of chatbot-dependent operations in the enactment stage of the W&H SRL model, which maylead to over-reliance on the

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4 - Teaching Methodology

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Kuester, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor; Maria Smith, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

about B3 3 4 9 10 +0.71 9 2 Yes history.Table 5 shows the responses to the third set of Likert questions, from strongly disagree (1) tostrongly agree (5). (On Question D, the Likert scale was: Horrible Idea, Bad Idea, Neutral, GoodIdea, Great Idea.) These questions were designed to reveal student perceptions of the project inrelation to this course and their career. The results from these questions were very encouraging: • Thirteen out of fourteen students thought they would be a better engineer for reading their book

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Track 6.C

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yiqing Li, University of California, San Diego; Jiaen Yu, University of California, San Diego; U Lam Lou, University of California, San Diego; Dingyi Yu, University of California, San Diego; Michael Levin, Utah State University; Korena S Klimczak, Utah State University; Soohyun Nam Liao, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

time. Multiple participants shared their experiencewith the goal tracker feature of ClearMind: I had a lot to focus on each day, but the goal tracker kept me on track with checking in with ClearMind. The daily progress was color-coded, which motivated me to fill it in every day. [This refers to the goal tracker feature, where if a user misses a day, the color for that day’s progress grays out.] As a visual learner, seeing my progress was helpful. It not only helped me with procrastination but also with career planning. I would keep using ClearMind because of that one feature I just talked about—the score. I want to see how high it goes [my score changes over time].Many participants appreciate

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 4: Sociotechnical Integration

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lydia Wilkinson, University of Toronto; Alan Chong, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

] discipline, and then you just know out of general knowledge that in that discipline this is going to happen in the next 15-20 years, then you know that that will impact what you’re doing. [39]Significantly, Seema, like the other participants here, was exiting fourth year into professionalindustry, and her response belies a particular interest in career paths, but her observation also hasimplications for engineering work more broadly. Her response acknowledges the importance ofunderstanding the broader social and technological context for one’s work, and the implicationsof new technologies that one may contribute to.6.4 TeamworkIn general, students did not perceive that this course contributed to their development ofteamwork skills, despite

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS) Technical Session - Ethics in ML/AI

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emad Ali, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Bailey Kathryn McOwen, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Arsalan Ashraf, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Dayoung Kim, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)

completed his B.S. in Aviation Management from Lahore in 2017 and then worked in the aviation industry. After gaining experience, he changed his career path and entered academia as a lecturer at The University of Faisalabad in 2022. He joined Virginia Tech in the fall of 2024.Dr. Dayoung Kim, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Dr. Dayoung Kim is an Assistant Professor of the Department of Engineering Education (College of Engineering) at Virginia Tech and a Director of the LABoratory for Innovative and REsponsible ENgineering workforce (LAB-IREEN). She conducts research in engineering practice and workforce development (e.g., practices and experiences of, and competencies required for, engineers in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Burcu Ozden, Pennsylvania State University; Andrei Blinkouski, Pennsylvania State University; Matthew A. Fury, Pennsylvania State University; Michael Kagan, Pennsylvania State University; John Majewicz, Pennsylvania State University; Laura McGhee, The Pennsylvania State University; Zafer Hatahet, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

140 paired with PHYS 211, andPHYS 212 paired with EE210. This approach is designed to foster a sense of community amongstudents and provide them with a more meaningful education, where abstract mathematicalconcepts gain practical significance in physics, and challenging physics concepts are elucidatedthrough applications in engineering. Moreover, students enrolled in this program receive supportthrough peer tutors, dedicated academic advisers and faculty mentors, and tailored mentorshipfrom alumni engineers possessing industry experience. These additional resources aim to furtherbolster the academic and career success of the students involved.The program aims to offer valuable insights to faculty and institutions currently engaged in

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Jun Zhang; Peter Cavanaugh; Dan Tenney

teaches students about the culture that licenses do not expire and allow users to modify and adaptsupports innovation and continuous learning. programs to meet their needs. This independence is a critical aspect of fostering a resilient, self-reliant community that is Moreover, open-source communities benefit from the capable of driving technological progress without unduecontributions of students. Early involvement in open source external influence.can foster a habit of contributing to public projects throughoutone’s career. Academic institutions may support these Economic considerations also support

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

Marilyn A. Dyrud

Jewish students from their classrooms, leaving thousands of children to fendfor themselves; and engineers would not have designed the mechanisms and infrastructure thatallowed the Holocaust to occur.Having students discuss the nature of professionalism is a useful exercise. Looking at the ―why‖aspect is especially important, and an instructor can start by asking students to examine why theychose engineering as a career and how they might react as a professional in a country that, overthe course of a decade, experiences incremental shifts in political ideology. What my studentsdiscovered is unsettling: that the Holocaust simply could not have happened without thecomplicity of the engineering community. This exercise requires that student reflect

Conference Session

Track 4: Technical Session 7: An exploration of the relationship between physical, social, and emotional resource access and the development of engineering identity and belonging

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Anne-Marie C.A. Zamor, Rowan University; Justin Charles Major, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Conference Session

Track 6: Technical Session 5: Student-based Recommendations to Increase Accessibility in Undergraduate Engineering Programs

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Emily Violet Landgren, University of Texas at Austin; Maura Borrego, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

11expressed that he and fellow autistic friends are “are incredible at what they do, and then, they’rejust not very particularly good at talking to people,” so something should be done to supportneurodivergent engineers through navigating science communication, career fairs, interviews andother interactions. If the support is provided by someone neurotypical, it doesn’t work for him,so he would like to see neurodivergent engineers creating resources using their own strategies,and “as collateral for helping neurodivergent [students] with that, neurotypicals benefit too. So,there stands to be a reason to do it and not lump it in with just disability accommodationservices” (Participant 11). Lab instructions are often presented at the opening of

Conference Session

Track 6: Technical Session 3: The role of undergraduate engineering students' different support networks in promoting emotional well-being: A narrative study

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Sowmya Panuganti, Purdue Engineering Education; Narjes Khorsandi Koujel, Rowan University; Justin Charles Major, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

by talking to more studentsfrom different universities. We also want to explore how these support systems change asstudents move through their academic careers and into the workforce. Next, we seeopportunities to talk to students’ family members who are both chosen and traditional tounderstand how they support the student. We expect to identify the processes in whichstudents are mentored and supported. Another goal is to look at how cultural, gender andsocioeconomic factors shape students' experiences and support systems. By doing this, weaim to create better guidelines that colleges and teachers can use to support engineeringstudents in different settings. Finally, we could examine

Conference Session

DASI Technical Session 2: Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ananya Prakash, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Mohammed Seyam, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DSAI) Constituent Committee

since applicants may pursue graduateeducation directly after their undergraduate education or at any stage of their career. Graduateadmissions data also has a significantly lower volume of data per admissions cycle, owing to itssignificantly lower intake compared to undergraduate programs. In addition to this, the processof admission review varies not only between different universities but also between theundergraduate and graduate programs in the same university. Undergraduate applications aretypically reviewed centrally by the university whereas graduate admission review may beconducted by a specific department's professors and staff since essays can be specific to the field.Therefore, it is difficult to generalize decision-making criteria

Conference Session

Materials Division (MATS) Technical Session 4

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacob Z. Kelter, Northwestern University; Jonathan Daniel Emery; Uri Joseph Wilensky

Tagged Divisions

Materials Division (MATS)

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS) Technical Session - Student understanding

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eman Hammad, Texas A&M University; Celeste Arden Riley, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Virginia Pederson; Pierre Atieh

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 9

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn M Rodak, Union College; Luke Dosiek, Union College; Andrew Burkett, Union College; Christine Henseler, Union College; Christopher Chandler, Union College; Sohini Chattopadhyay, Union College; Nick Webb, Union College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

why we consider ourselvesdesigners. We also explore the impacts of poor design and consider how to affect change andimplement better solutions. What role does design play in the places we inhabit and the world webuild? What does that mean for one’s life, education, and career? We parlay this topic into afocus during the second week on interconnected systems, asking the students: “How Connected 10Are You?” As a class, we explore system theories and our own interconnectedness as humans,communities, and ecosystems. Students explore the people, communities, and ecosystemsconnected to their lives through an in-class activity in which they create a life map

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 10: Institutions and Structures

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Slaton, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

institutional resource levels, broadly. The partners thatjoin an Alliance do so in great faith that each member will independently secure the fundingnecessary for sustaining the organization or role which is required for full participation and thusmeeting the mutual objectives.Given the nature of academic employment, teams that are addressing systemic change throughgrant funded work are also inherently unstable. In the case of STEM education research, the PI isoften a tenured faculty member, as reward and recognition policies may disincentivizeearlier-career faculty in STEM disciplines from pursuing grant funding that is outside the realmof core scientific research. Additionally, those who operate on soft money, in consistently havingto seek multiple