Conference Session

Project-Based Service Learning

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beverly Jaeger, Northeastern University; Ethan LaRochelle, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

programs.This first-phase research found that involvement in the EWB organization yielded the followingnotable outcomes: over 80% of respondents reported that they developed a greater appreciationfor other cultures, nearly 80% indicated it taught them a stronger appreciation for teamwork, andover 75% attested to an increased awareness of the role of ethics and personal responsibility inengineering. In the second phase of this project, a more extensive web-based survey instrumentwas then developed building on these results and extending the inquiry to a more nationaldemographic. This work also yielded encouraging results in terms of further quantifying (1)individual benefits for volunteer participants and (2) identifying areas for academic programs

Conference Session

Engineering and Other Disciplines

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carlotta Berry, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Matthew Boutell, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Steve Chenoweth, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; David Fisher, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Mechanicaland Electrical Engineering21.Robotics Certificate OutcomesThe authors have developed a formal Robotics Certificate program with the following projectedoutcomes: Page 14.877.3 1. An increased number of students who enroll at our institution based upon expressed interest in the robotics certificate program over three years. 2. More interactions between students of various majors, as they take common courses such as Mechatronics, Mobile Robotics, and our new freshman robotics programming course. They will achieve both depth and breadth in robotics, serving as domain experts for their major, and routinely applying this

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Julie Trenor, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

nine students and therefore essentially function as sites 1. TheREU program solicitation 2 states: Page 14.1307.2 The REU program is a major contributor to the NSF goal of developing a diverse, internationally competitive, and globally-engaged science and engineering workforce. It draws on the integration of research and education to attract a diversified pool of talented students into careers in science and engineering, including teaching and education research related to science and engineering, and to help ensure that these students receive the best education possible.In spite of the significant

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mike Fleming, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Vedant Jain, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Robert Landers, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Hong Sheng, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Richard Hall, Missouri University of Science and Technology

example, is to design a controller (i.e., compute controller gains) toregulate the position of a linear axis given a very simple model of the linear axis. The studentmay conduct a simple simulation; however, they will probably not be able to implement thecontroller on physical hardware. In this situation the student misses opportunities to 1) explorethe effects saturation, quantization, nonlinear friction, and sample period have on their controllerand 2) investigate real physical results. These opportunities are lost due to the fact that the timerequired for the student to interact with the hardware is prohibitive in a traditional semestercourse.This paper presents a Linear Axis Rapid Development System (RDS), based on Simulink, whichprovides the

Conference Session

Tablet and Portable PCs for Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sabina Jeschke, University of Stuttgart; Lars Knipping, Technische Universitaet Berlin; Nicole Natho, Technische Universitaet Berlin; Erhard Zorn, Technische Universitaet Berlin; Olivier Pfeiffer, Technische Universitaet Berlin

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

communication, coordination and cooperation as nowadays’important factors in education, collaborative software applications possess a high potential tosupport the learning, teaching and research processes at university by the means of the newmedia and new technologies4, 5. As a part of the GALILEA project, introduced at the TechnischeUniversität Berlin, the new gender sensitive Bachelor of Science program “Natural Sciences inthe Information Society”6, 7, 8 provides two new innovative lectures, which started in winter term07/08 and summer term 2008, respectively: 1. Scientific Information Management (freshmen lecture) and 2. New Media in Education and Research (sophomore lecture)This innovative program is designed to be very interdisciplinary while

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacquelyn Kelly, Arizona State University; James Corkins, Arizona State University; Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Amaneh Tasooji, Arizona State University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University

engineering, and materials engineering. The MCI was given in the first week of a 15-week semester which was before the topic of bonding was discussed. The materials for themodule were used over two 75 minute class periods. The classes followed the 5E pedagogy withstudents engaging in a brief hands-on activity comparing stiffnesses of different metals tohighlight the role of differences in bonding. Next, students spent a short amount of time (4-8minutes) exploring the Concept-Building Context Worksheet (see Appendix 1) that requiresstudents to match real-world applications with underlying atomic level features in order toillustrate structure property relationships for bond strength. Next, for the explain phase of 5E,with students now somewhat

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Marie Kendall-Brown, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

beginning of the term (pre-test) and again atthe end of the term (post-test). Table 1 contains details about the number of sections surveyedand the number of surveys completed, and Table 2 contains the average response for each item.Differences in the mean response for each item are also presented in Table 2 for four cases:control group versus sketch group at pre-test, control versus sketch at post-test, control groupover time (pre-test versus post-test) and sketch group over time. To compare the differences,independent samples T-tests were computed. Differences that are statistically significant in Table2 are noted with asterisks.Since one of the primary purposes of the sketch was to provide students with strategies forresolving common team issues

Conference Session

Engineering and Other Disciplines

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Chang, United States Military Academy; Peter Hanlon, United States Military Academy; Kirk Ingold, United States Military Academy; Robert Rabb, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, humanitarian, medical, etc. Congress has set a goal for theArmed Forces to achieve the fielding of unmanned, remotely controlled technology such that: 1)by 2010, one-third of the operational deep strike aircraft of the Armed Forces are unmanned; and2) by 2015, one-third of the operational ground combat vehicles of the Armed Forces areunmanned10. In support of this, the vision of the Academy is to lead the efforts in educating andinspiring future technical leaders.The military presently has significant interest in the field of robotics, where currently there areover 4,000 unmanned systems deployed. The main tactical advantages of using unmannedsystems utilized in hostile situations is multifold: to gather information, perform inspection,deploy

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Corkins, Arizona State University; Jacquelyn Kelly, Arizona State University; Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Sharon Robinson Kurpius; Amaneh Tasooji, Arizona State University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University

, if anything, thestudents knew about that subject already7. The results of these interviews, along with the quizzesand short answers, and the project teams’ own experiences in the field helped to create amultitude of possible concept test questions, and realistic distractor answers7.Once 30 to 35 items were created, the researchers established two criteria before selecting whatquestions were to be placed on the test. The first was that roughly 1/3 of all the questions were ina form that students would have had previous exposure to them in preceding courses, and thesecond was that two to six questions that would be based on each of the seven primary conceptscovered in the course6. To meet the first criteria it was determined that a majority of

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Fridley, University of Alabama; Debra Larson, Northern Arizona University; Kevin Hall, University of Arkansas; Kevin Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James Alleman, Purdue University; Kenneth McManis, University of Louisiana; Jean-Pierre Bardet, University of Southern California; Brett Gunnink, Montana State University; George List, North Carolina State University; Roger Smith, Texas A&M University; Thomas Lenox, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Both the BOK1 and BOK2outcomes have the desired level of achievement defined according to Bloom’s Taxonomy for thecognitive domain4. Additionally, the BOK1 and BOK2 have recommended outcomeachievement targets for each state of the fulfillment pathway: the baccalaureate degree (B), post-baccalaureate formal education (M/30), and pre-licensure experience (E).To assess the impact of the BOK1 and BOK2 on civil engineering curricula and to facilitatebroad adoption of the new BOK concepts in civil engineering education, the ASCE Committeeon Academic Prerequisites for Professional Practice (CAP^3) established a new committee – theBOK Educational Fulfillment Committee (BOKEdFC) in late 2007. This new committee ischarged with (1) fostering the creation

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya Kunberger, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

be touched upon in the next lesson. The deliverables category in thefuture section contains new assignments, which are listed initially on the day of assignment, andremain in the future deliverables section until the due date. Upcoming tests, labs, or homeworksets are also included in this section. Items are listed both by due date as well as by the timebetween now and that date. A new homework assignment given on February 2nd for examplewould look like “1 week (9 February) Homework problems 8.2, 8.3, 8.7, & 8.9” when initiallypresented and evolve to “Next class (9 February) Homework problems 8.2, 8.3, 8.7, & 8.9” onthe next PPF, before being transferred to the current deliverables category in the present sectionon the following

Conference Session

Exemplary Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Aurelio López-Malo, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Lourdes Gazca, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

development programs at an annual regional conference (sponsored byCALICA) in the state of Quintana Roo. These programs involve offering for 3 days,distinguished lectures, seminars, and workshops at no cost to teachers in attendance. Theprogram designed for each conference is always different and includes recent educationaldevelopments. Workshops offer practical tools to the teachers in order to help them enhance theirdaily teaching activities, and different areas have been covered including math, history, Spanish,foreign languages, literature, science, engineering, among others.The following experiments12, 16 (planned to follow a guided-inquiry procedure23) were includedin the 2007 workshop: (1) Discovering papillae, identify tongue different

Conference Session

Research and Project Initiatives in IT and IET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Immanuel Edinbarough, University of Texas, Brownsville; Karla Ramirez, University of Texas, Brownsville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

14.698.3performed in Hot Ambient, Full Ambient and Cold Low Ambient conditions and the failures arecommon in Cold Low Ambient condition. Figure 1 Histogram at Cold Primary TestVariations of slope conditions during testing is shown in the frequency histogram(Figure 1).Thehistogram shows the acceptable frequency of slope conditions as against the recorded frequency,and it can be seen that the data is not close to the required parameters.Green Y, which is the parameter measure, tested for the variation in its slope conditions. The rateof variation (KPa/ms) is measured in the time inteval between the 10% and the 50% of the peakpreassure (KPa) during the test.It has been obeserved that the pieces that are failed in the testing have

Conference Session

Emerging Issues in Materials Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Senay Purzer, Purdue University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University; Jacquelyn Kelly, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

alsoconducted to reveal origins of MSE related misconceptions. Misconceptions that are present inundergraduate introductory MSE students were revealed using the Materials Concept Inventory(MCI). The misconceptions were linked to four distinct categories of K-12 misconceptions inphysical science and chemistry: 1) the nature of crystalline structure and unit cells, 2) therelationship between material characteristics and bonding, 3) material processing, and 4)saturation and super-saturation. These misconceptions were caused by deficiency, fragmentation,ontological, and pedagogical learning impediments. From the comparison and categorization ofthese misconceptions’ origins, we have made suggestions for developing effective misconceptioninterventions and

Conference Session

Mathematics: Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Georgiopoulos, University of Central Florida; Cynthia Young, University of Central Florida; Cherie Geiger, University of Central Florida; Scott Hagen, University of Central Florida; Chris Parkinson, University of Central Florida; Alison Morrison-Shetlar, University of Central Florida; Tace Crouse, University of Central Florida; Paula Krist, University of Central Florida; Pat Lancey, University of Central Florida; Melissa Dagley-Falls, University of Central Florida; Pat Ramsey, University of Central Florida; Dahlia Forde, University of Central Florida; Anna Koufakou, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

program that can be sustained at UCF, after the grant’scompletion, and disseminated at other educational institutions. This paper discusses EXCEL’sinfrastructure, the activities pursued to achieve its objectives, the results from these activities,and the lessons learned in the first three years of EXCEL’s operation.1. IntroductionIn the book Talking About Leaving, Why Undergraduates Leave the Sciences (see [1]) it is statedthat nationally 40 percent of undergraduate students leave engineering programs, 50 percentleave the physical and biological sciences and 60 percent leave mathematics. The losses aredisproportionately greater among women and students of color (also seen with the UCFnumbers). The following is a list of some reasons that

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Bowles, University of South Carolina; Gang Quan, University of South Carolina

design.Student assessments of the course and their own learning have been exceptionally positive.1. IntroductionFPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)-based devices are especially well suited for buildingapplication-specific systems in an undergraduate embedded system design course. FPGA-baseddesigns have a much shorter design cycle, lower cost, and a smoother learning curve thantraditional System-On-A-Chip1 technologies. In addition, the devices are programmable andreprogrammable, which makes them reusable throughout the lab practices and excellent devicesfor investigating different design alternatives. FPGA devices are also becoming increasinglypopular in industrial embedded system designs, therefore, learning to use the tools and designprocesses for

Conference Session

Retention Tools and Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber Kemppainen, Michigan Technological University; Amy Hamlin, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

) have the option of enrolling into a specific major(biomedical, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, environmental, geological, materials, ormechanical) or enrolling into the university as a general engineering student. The abbreviationsused to describe the various majors can be found in Table 1. Regardless of major choice, allentering engineering students are enrolled into a cohort schedule that includes calculus, physics,and engineering classes.Table 1.Engineering Program AbbreviationsEBE = Biomedical Engineering EEN = Environmental EngineeringECE = Civil Engineering EGE = Geological EngineeringECM = Chemical Engineering EGN = General Engineering/Engineering UndecidedECP = Computer Engineering

Conference Session

Solar, Wind, and Novel Energy-System Initiatives

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Lakeou, University of the District of Columbia; Ben Latigo, University of the District of Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

with valuable information on the dire needs of the country, with respect towater resources. Table.1 Summarizes the extent of water supply coverage in the country.The Democratic Federal Republic of Ethiopia has 8 states or regions and 3 chartered cities asshown in Fig.1 Total area1,104,000 km2 Population (2004)~70 million Urban population 20% Rural population 80% Life expectancy 42 years GNI per capita US$100 Demographic growth rate2.2% Rural growth rate 1.8% Urban growth rate 4.0% Fig. 1. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (8 Regions, 3 Chartered Cities) Fig. 2 Meeting with AAU Officials and (right) Pilot Demonstration Project of AAU.Description of Type of Water

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Assessment and Integrating Entrepreneurship into the Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Melissa Grunow, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

motivation for being a leader.Again, comparison yields a shift in perception. Upon completion of the course, the studentscompleted a course evaluation survey to aid the course developer in determining if the course ismeeting the university’s leadership education goals. In addition, the students completed a peerassessment of leadership skills and characteristics near the beginning and at the conclusion of thecourse. The peer assessment yields some shifts in leadership development. Finally, as a finalassessment at the conclusion of the final team course project, the students completed a peerperformance evaluation, and the results are reported.1. IntroductionEntrepreneurshipLawrence Technological University (LTU) has offered students entrepreneurial

Conference Session

Aerospace Workspace: Current and Future 2

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Guerra, NASA; John A. Christian, University of Texas, Austin; Wallace Fowler, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, Fall 2007.The undergraduate course focuses on a combination of systems engineering topics and designmethodology. Many of these topics are to be exercised in the senior capstone design course,such as requirements writing, concept of operations, design margins, and risk analysis. The spacesystems engineering technical content is divided into 24 different topic areas that are presentedduring the course lecture periods. The order of these topics follows, to some extent, the systemlife cycle of development, with system formulation topics at the beginning and systemimplementation topics later. The 24 topic areas include: 1. What is systems engineering? 2. Teamwork 3. Project life cycle 4. Mission scope and concept of operations 5

Conference Session

Been There, Done That: Advice for NEEs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Philip Gerhart, University of Evansville

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

, curriculum changes, student affairs, courseofferings, new initiatives), and more. These examples could also apply in a mentor relationship.In addition special note is made relating to the ease of communication and collaboration from alife-long experience of working together as a “team” (e.g., sports teams, Boy Scouts, etc.).Finally the authors note the “two-way street” advantage. For example, the son uses his father’svaluable insight and time-tested resources to aid in career advancement. In turn, the son’s freshperspective and effort necessary for promotion aids the father in remaining active and current inthe discipline. Again, the mentor relationship can prosper from the “two-way street” advantage.1. IntroductionThe authors of this paper are

Conference Session

Educational Research

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gloria Starns, Iowa State University; Mathew Hagge, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

directed arcs and labels which link relatedinformation. Mind maps better facilitate spontaneity and creativity while concept maps betterfacilitate identification of relationships between constituents of a body of knowledge.Particularly important is the distinction that concept maps rely on the creator’s ability to connectrelated information; mind maps do not require linking of any information.Mind maps have been used to help students create visual representations of their thinking 1 2 3patterns in sociology , economics , and psychology classes , and they have been used as 4 5assessment tools in chemistry classes and biology classes

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John McLellan, Freescale; Andy Mastronardi, Freescale

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Mexico. In 2008, China alone hosted over 1800 teams from over 600 Page 14.541.2universities. Overall, the explosive growth of the event is staggering as shown in Figure 1. Universities Participation in the Smart Car Race (Includes Korea, China, and Malaysia) 800 700 600 Universities Participating 500 400 300 200

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Montserrat Rabago-Smith, Kettering Univeristy; Jennifer Aurandt, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

) Internship Program, administered by theDepartment of Environmental Quality, Environmental Science and ServicesDivision.Introduction In a national workshop, Exploring Opportunities in Green Chemistry andEngineering Education: A workshop summary to the Chemical SciencesRoundtable, sponsored by the National Research Council, environmental leadersagreed that Green Chemistry must be incorporated into the undergraduateengineering curriculum. They proposed that an introductory Green Chemistrylecture/laboratory course is vital to future engineers and scientists. 1 In support ofthis finding, we have developed and taught a course entitled “Green IndustrialOrganic Chemistry” to advance interests in chemical sciences and address theneeds of educating

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eduardo Montanez, Freescale Semiconductor; Michael Norman, Freescale Semiconductor

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

individually from course to course—helping to keep hardware cost as lowas possible. It also has the flexibility to grow with advances in industry and not become obsolete.Additionally, research shows that laboratories structured around student owned microcontrollerboards and complementary hardware components add value to an embedded engineeringeducation2. The Tower platform enables this model.Structurally, the Tower consists of 3 fundamental types of boards: 1. Elevator Boards 2. Microcontroller unit (MCU) or Microprocessor unit (MPU) Story Boards 3. Peripheral Story BoardsThe modular boards are named “Elevator” or “Story” boards to define their functionality andplacement in the Tower. Each type of board will be described in more detail and

Conference Session

Software and Hardware for Educators I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Carroll, University of Minnesota, Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

course lab setting.Lab StationThe lab station on which this bit-mapped graphics display is based has been described in earlierASEE papers1,2. It consists of a Wytec Dragon development board for the Freescale S12microcontroller3,4, plus some additional hardware and software to implement an alphanumericmatrix keyboard input device and interface to a standard low-cost CRT monochrome display foroutput. As described in those earlier papers, the CRT display was used originally just to providecharacter output for display of alphanumeric characters. Figure 1 shows a typical displayproduced by the CRT output in the original lab station design. Page

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Economy

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Neal Lewis, University of Bridgeport; Ted Eschenbach, TGE Consulting; Joseph Hartman, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

benefitsand the costs are needed in order to calculate the option value. In the last few years, theliterature has had several examples where authors use multiple interest rates and differentcompounding assumptions for calculating present values. For example, “first” costs are almostalways discounted using a continuous risk-free interest rate while later cash flows are oftendiscounted using discrete market interest rates.This paper focuses on the compounding assumptions. Two approaches are used: (1) Real optionarticles in Harvard Business Review, Journal of Finance, and The Engineering Economist aresurveyed over matching periods to determine typical practices; and (2) A realistic delay optionexample is analyzed. The goal is to determine whether

Conference Session

Workplace Concerns, Realities, and Intangibles

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ralph Ocon, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

particularly susceptible to the negative effects of workplacebullies and less likely to know how to deal with them14. Nevertheless, the effects ofbullies can have long term and adverse consequences on the self esteem, workperformance and overall careers of victimized employees13.Additionally, because many engineering and technology students will eventually assumeleadership roles with their prospective employers, it’s important for these students to beaware of the effects of bullying behavior and strategies for addressing it.Workplace BullyingAccording to the Workplace Bullying Institute, the degree of bullying in the workplace isa growing phenomenon. Table 1 lists the prevalence of workplace bullying2.Table 1: Prevalence of workplace bullying

Conference Session

Integrating Design into the BME Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blair Rowley, Wright State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

wished to use for the durationof their design.The following is a brief description of these tools: 1. Google Docs is easily accessible online and access can be limited to approved group (team) members. It allows the upload, download and editing of a number of file formats, i.e. MS Word, Power Point, Excel, and PDF. Anything uploaded or created can be seen by all invited members of a group. Editing is not limited to one team member at a time. If more than one team member is editing a document they are identified by the program. Page 14.370.4 2. Google Groups provides a number of applications that can be viewed, edited

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zorica Nedic, University of South Australia; Andrew Nafalski, University of South Australia; Ozdemir Gol, University of South Australia; Jan Machotka, University of South Australia

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

these sessions on examples ofsimple circuits implemented in the projects. The sessions gradually cover project topics andmodules as students are progressing through their projects.It is important to clarify that here we use term project in its broadest meaning, acknowledgingthat most education researchers would not regard what we describe here as a project because itdoes not involve problem-based learning2. However, Kolmos usefully differentiates betweenthree types of project work based on a different level of freedom that students have 3:1. Assignment project where the problem, the tools (methods) and outcomes are all well known in advance and the supervisor can fully control these.2. Subject project where the subject is well known and