Conference Session

Developing Communication/Teamwork Skills in ChEs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sibel Özgen, University Rovira i Virgili; Joan Alabart, University Rovira i Virgili; Magda Medir, University Rovira i Virgili

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

conveying their thoughts in a comprehensible manner andtheir self-confidence were also observed. In this final step all candidates (N=11) foundto have adequate leadership competence to take on the leader role of first-yearintegrated design project teams.These eleven students were selected to become the team leaders of first-year teams fortwo consecutive fifteen-week periods. Beyond any doubt the effectiveness of selectedteam leaders has to be measured. This measurement will be carried out by bothassessing;(a) Students’ leadership competence and(b) Their teams’ effectivenessLeadership competence will be measured through application of several instruments andtechniques; 360 degree feedback process, analyses of personal diaries, the evaluation of

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs I (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franklin King, North Carolina A&T State University; Shamsuddin Ilias, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

ground is observedto be 37°11'. The observer walks 35 m directly away from point A and the flagpoleto point B and finds the new angle to be 25°43'. The height of the flagpole is mostnearly(A) 32 m (B) 47 m (C) 85 m (D) 110 m Chemistry Review QuestionIf 38 ml of an H2SO4 solution are required to neutralize 56.0 ml of a 1.5 N NaOHsolution, the molarity of the solution is(A) 0.96 M(B) 1.11 M(C) 2.22 M(D) 4.85 M Math 2 Quiz Problems (first 3 of 15 shown)1. What is the polar form of the complex number z = 3 + 4i ? (A) z = 3 + 4i (B) z = 5e−53.21i (C) z = 5e−0.927i

Conference Session

The Latest in Improving Learning in ChE Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Silverstein, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

r e s i n c o l l a b o r

Conference Session

The Latest in Improving Learning in ChE Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Zollars, Washington State University; Christopher Hundhausen, Washington State University; Jonathan Brown, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

given material and energy balanceproblem, (b) develop accompanying systems of equations, and (c) solve for theunknowns. Students were told that we were interested in how they approached the solution tothe problem rather than the solution itself. They were encouraged to discuss theirapproach so that we could follow their logic as the solution was developed. The studentswere allowed to work for 45 minutes before a 15 minute debriefing period.Observations Our review of the recordings made it clear that there was one area in which all ofthe groups had difficulties: translating the problem statement into a chemical processdiagram and set of mathematical expressions. None of the groups was able to puttogether a correct process flow

Conference Session

Novel Courses and Content for ChEs II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Toghiani, Mississippi State University; Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University; Keisha Walters, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

presented where concept integration may beespecially beneficial.Opportunities in ThermodynamicsOne such opportunity occurs early in the semester when expressions for the enthalpy as afunction of temperature and pressure are developed for gases and for liquids. Students at MSUhave typically completed a fluid mechanics course prior to taking the second thermo course, andas a result, are well versed in the use and application of the Bernoulli equation for an isothermal,incompressible fluid, including pump work and frictional losses (simplified mechanical energybalance) [McCabe et al., 2005]: PA α V2 P α V2 + gZ A + A A + WP − h fp = B + gZ B + B B + h f (1) ρ

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs II (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Bill Brooks, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

demonstrate the utility of WISE as an assessment tool to identify misconceptions.Figure 1 shows a screen shot of the problem 1 . This problem was adapted from the Thermal andTransport Science Concept Inventory developed by Ron Miller and coworkers .16 The assignedproblem had 4 multiple choice options. However, unlike the Concept Inventory tests, nojustification is given for each choice. Rather, students are asked to provide their own justificationin a short answer text box that accompanies the problem (see Appendix B). We term this activity,a “short answer follow-up”. The use of short answer follow-ups offers students the opportunityto practice reflection on their selection of multiple choice answers. It has been shown thatdescriptions of one's

Conference Session

Novel Courses and Content for ChEs I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen White, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Glen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kay C Dee, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

National Teaching Institute and has won a number of institutional and national awards for teaching. Page 13.432.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Development of Kinesthetic Active Exercises for a Transport Phenomena CourseAbstractTeaching techniques that provide hands-on experiences could be useful in helping all learners,but especially kinesthetic learners, to understand conservation of mass, momentum, and energy.Helping kinesthetic learners is of particular interest in engineering since many engineeringstudents are kinesthetic learners. The focus of this work is a required

Conference Session

Novel Courses and Content for ChEs II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Decker, Wentworth Institute of Technology; William Hansen, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Robert Dewar, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-1842: DESIGN OF A CARBON NEUTRAL GREENHOUSE FORGREENFIELD COMMUNITY COLLEGELawrence Decker, Wentworth Institute of Technology Lawrence Decker,PE,NSPE,is an Associate Professor of Civil/Environmental Engineering at Wentworth Institute of Technology in Boston Massachusetts. He has taught a variety of Civil and Environmental Engineering Courses and was an engineer in industry for many years.William Hansen, Wentworth Institute of Technology William Hansen is a fifth year Environmental Engineering student at Wentworth Institute of Technology. He has been on three cooperative work experiences with Environmental Engineering and Consulting Firms.Robert Dewar, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Conference Session

Innovations in the ChE Laboratory

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Felecia Nave, Prairie View A&M University; Michael Gyamerah, Prairie View A&M University; Irvin Osborne-Lee, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-2958: DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOENGINEERING CONCENTRATION INTHE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AT PRAIRIE VIEW A&MUNIVERSITY: OUTCOMES AND LESSONS LEARNEDFelecia Nave, Prairie View A&M UniversityMichael Gyamerah, Prairie View A&M UniversityIrvin Osborne-Lee, Prairie View A&M University Page 13.404.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Development of a Bioengineering Concentration in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Prairie View A&M University Outcomes and Lesson LearnedAbstract With the daily advances in biotechnology, the increasing importance of nanotechnologyand exponential demand for a

Conference Session

Developing Communication/Teamwork Skills in ChEs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Sharp, Vanderbilt

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-567: INTERVIEW SKILLS TRAINING IN THE CHEMICALENGINEERING LABORATORY: TRANSPORTING A PILOT PROJECTJulie Sharp, Vanderbilt Julie E. Sharp, Associate Professor of the Practice of Technical Communication at Vanderbilt University Engineering School, co-ordinates and teaches technical communication courses for all engineering majors and co-teaches combined chemical engineering lab/technical communication courses. In addition to publishing papers on communication and engineering education topics, she has published a book chapter and numerous papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings on learning styles. She won the ASEE Southeastern Division's 2004 Thomas C. Evans

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs I (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamara Floyd-Smith, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-221: A SURVEY-BASED STUDY TO IDENTIFY METHODS FORACHIEVING POSITIVE OUTCOMES FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHERSTamara Floyd-Smith, Tuskegee University Page 13.121.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 A Survey-Based Study to Identify Methods for Achieving Positive Outcomes for Undergraduate Researchers Abstract This work describes the results of a survey administered to individuals involved inadministrating and supervising undergraduate research. The purpose of the survey is tounderstand what factors lead to positive outcomes for undergraduate researchers. Positiveoutcomes include undergraduates pursuing graduate degrees, pursuing

Conference Session

The Latest in Improving Learning in ChE Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Kelly, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

section on active learning than the other, at timesthe lectures were given faster, with some detail on peripheral points not elaborated on.The results for segments A and B are presented below in Table 1:Table 1: Instructor-monitored allocation of in-class time for segments A (Introduction to Heat Transfer) and B (Conduction) In-class Activity Segment A: Segment B: Segment B: Sections #1 and #2 Section #2 Section #1 (more AL) (less AL) % % %Instructor - lecturing 57.0 47.0

Conference Session

Novel Courses and Content for ChEs II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nichole Au, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Taryn Bayles, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Julia Ross, University of Maryland-Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-1005: EXPOSING CHEMICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS TO REALWORLD PROBLEMS: HEALTH CARE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMSNichole Au, University of Maryland-Baltimore County Ms. Au is a 2008 Magna Cum Laude graduate with a BS degree in Chemical Engineering (Bioengineering Track) with a minor in History. She is also an Honors College graduate and a member of Tau Beta Pi. She has been working on the INSPIRES curriculum for the last year and will continue this work as she completes her MS degree in Chemical & Biochemical Engineering in spring 2009.Taryn Bayles, University of Maryland-Baltimore County Taryn Bayles is a Professor of the Practice of Chemical Engineering in the Chemical and

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs I (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Keith, Michigan Technological University; David Silverstein, University of Kentucky; Donald Visco, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

/statements/RCA_NSF_ChE_Frontiers_Overview.pdf, accessed February 2008.32. R. B. Bird, W. E. Stewart, E. N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, Wiley, New York, 1960 (1st edition).33. L. Ford, “Water Day: An Experiential Lecture for Fluid Mechanics,” Chemical Engineering Education, 37, 170 (2003).34. J. M. Ross and T. M. Bayles, “Incorporating High School Outreach into ChE Courses,” Chemical Engineering Education, 37, 184 (2003).35. T. M. Floyd-Smith, K. C. Kwon, J. A. Burmester, F. F. Dale, N. Vahdat, and P. Jones, “Demonstration and Assessment of a Simple Viscosity Experiment for High School Science Classes,” Chemical Engineering Education, 40, 211 (2006).36. L.-S. Fan, “Particle Dynamics in Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems. Part 2

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs II (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerardine Botte, Ohio University; Keeley Schneider, Ohio University; Bryan Boggs, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

children with a scientistoutfit, consisting of lab aprons and lab goggles. The cost of the plastic lab aprons were $0.60each and were precut to fit on small children. The lab safety goggles cost $0.85 each. Page 13.828.3 Party preparation included, signing out a laptop, projector, and projector screen from theuniversity. The Engineering Birthday Parties Crew designed PowerPoint presentations thatcoordinated with the party activities that were listed above. The presentations used can be foundin Appendices A and B of this paper. Surveys were designed in order to assess the event. The intention of the survey was toknow the opinion of

Conference Session

Novel Courses and Content for ChEs II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ruben Morales-Menendez, Tecnologico de Monterrey; Tomas Lopez, Tecnologico de Monterrey; Ricardo Ramirez Medoza, Institute Tecnologico De Monterrey; Luis E Garza, Tecnologico de Monterrey

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

de Monterrey and its community are committed tocontribute to the educational, social, economic, and political improvement of México.ABET1 is a well known recognized accreditor for college and university programs in appliedscience, computing, engineering, and technology. ABET criteria effective for evaluations duringthe 2006-2007 accreditation cycle states that engineering programs must demonstrate that theirstudents attain several outcomes (Criterion 3). Through this project, (b) and (e) outcomes will bespecifically promoted: (b) ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze andinterpret data, and (e) ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems. Figure 1. Educational Model of the

Conference Session

ChE Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Krantz, National University of Singapore

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

, V., Communicating in Science: Writing a Scientific Paper and Speaking at Scientific Meetings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. (1993).3. Alley, M., The Craft of Scientific Presentations: Critical Steps to Succeed and Critical Errors to Avoid, Springer-Verlag, New York (2003).4. Ellis, R., Communication Skills – Stepladders to Success for the Professional, Intellect Publishing Company, Bristol, U.K. and Portland, Oregon (2003).5. Condrill, J. and B. Bough, 101 Ways to Improve Your Communication Skills Instantly, Goalminds, Inc., Palmdale, California (1999).6. Hamilton, C., Essentials of Public Speaking with Infotrac, Thomson Wadsworth, Belmont, California (2005).7. Hargie, O., A Handbook of Communications

Conference Session

Developing Communication/Teamwork Skills in ChEs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joan Alabart, University Rovira i Virgili; Sibel Özgen, University Rovira i Virgili; Magda Medir, University Rovira i Virgili; Hans-Joerg Witt, Witt & Partner

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

and his/her assigned team leaders. Two more hours are devoted to teaching leadership,project management, and facilitation concepts, techniques, and tools. The remaining class hour isdevoted to the weekly formal meeting of leaders with the first-year project team. Hence, there isalso a vertical integration between the PMP course and the first-year integrated design project.The assessment of the team leaders’ leadership competence is carried out at the individual andteam levels. At the individual level, the following processes are in place: (a) a 360-degreefeedback process, (b) project management reports (a team charter and a final report per period),oral presentations (one presentation per period), (c) learning journals, (d) behavioral

Conference Session

Novel Courses and Content for ChEs II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margot Vigeant, Bucknell University; James Maneval, Bucknell University; Michael Prince, Bucknell University; Michael Hanyak, Bucknell University; William Snyder, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

last day of class tostudents at all levels within the department (freshmen-junior) as well as invitedadministrators. The oral reports are delivered in public, in front of not only the otherdesign students and department faculty, but also any customers who can attend as well.The grading rubric for the overall report is attached in Appendix B. A key aspect of thegrading is that not only does a tangible result need to be produced, but the success of thisresult is judged against what the students themselves said they would do.Project definition, planning and assessment are all important aspects of “real world”projects where time and money are critical to success. We need to have student say whatthey are going to do and provide a coherent plan for

Conference Session

ChE Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yakov Cherner, ATeL, LLC; Jerry Meldon, Tufts University; Anatoly Peresunko, Southern Federal University (Russia)

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

a cFigure 2. Exploration mode allows students to study processes occurring inside Da Vinci's early prototype. A pop-up panel (a) and a narrative (b) describe the instantaneous status of the process. From within this animation students are able to launch simulation and explore the processes of evaporation and condensation in detail.Virtual LaboratoriesThe described e-learning module provides students with “just-in-time” learning opportunities.Embedded interactive lessons (Fig. 3) enable students to explore such the principles ofevaporation, condensation, phase transitions, phase equilibria, and intermolecular forces.Simulations and virtual experiments (VE's), which may also be launched from lesson

Conference Session

ChE Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noah Brak, West Virginia University; Joseph Shaeiwitz, West Virginia University; Richard Turton, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

andperformance problems for separation in dilute systems, heat exchangers, pipe flow, and flow pastsubmerged objects have been developed. These are meant to replace the use of graphs such asthose for the Moody plot and LMTD correction factor for routine design and performancecalculations in a teaching/learning environment.Bibliography1. Turton, R., R. C. Bailie, W. B. Whiting, and J. A. Shaeiwitz, Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2003, pp. 572-573.2. Bowman, R. A., A. C. Mueller, and W. M. Nagle, “Mean Temperature Difference in Design,” Transactions of the ASME, 62, 283-294 (1940).3. Levenspiel, O. Engineering Flow and Heat Exchange (revised ed.), Plenum Press, New York

Conference Session

Innovations in the ChE Laboratory

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Taconi, University of Alabama, Huntsville; R. Michael Banish, University of Alabama, Huntsville

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

experimentation.The specific procedure for this activity utilizes about 75% (by weight) excess methanol, but thisis not disclosed to the students. Instead, students are asked to use Equation 1 and the physicalproperties of the reactants and products (as given in Table 1) to determine the theoretical amountof methanol that reacts with 1 L of oil. They are then asked to compare this value to the actualamount of methanol used and re-write the equation to include the excess methanol. Each of thespecific tasks assigned as part of this activity are described below.Task #1: Re-write the stoichiometric chemical reaction for biodiesel production in terms of a.)moles of products and reactants, and b.) volume of products and reactants.Task #2: Record or calculate the

Conference Session

ChE Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hyerim Kim, Yonsei University; Jiyong Kim, Yonsei University; Yoon-Su Baek, Yonsei University; Il Moon, Yonsei University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-1028: TEACHING SIX SIGMA CONCEPTS IN AN ENGINEERINGCOLLEGEHyerim Kim, Yonsei UniversityJiyong Kim, Yonsei UniversityYoon-Su Baek, Yonsei UniversityIl Moon, Yonsei University Page 13.1174.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Teaching Six Sigma Concepts in an Engineering CollegeAbstractSix Sigma is a process improvement methodology currently being employed across various typesof business and industry. DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) has beendeveloped more recently with the goal to apply the Six Sigma principles for the improvement ofexisting products and processes. The Six Sigma approaches provide a disciplined way of

Conference Session

Developing Communication/Teamwork Skills in ChEs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Lefebvre, Rowan University; Loren Connell, Rowan University; Kevin Dahm, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-1182: COMPETITION BETWEEN STUDENT GROUPS IN THE PROTEINPRODUCTION CHALLENGEBrian Lefebvre, Rowan UniversityLoren Connell, Rowan UniversityKevin Dahm, Rowan University Page 13.316.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Competition between student groups in the protein production challengeAbstractConverting biological discoveries into commercial-scale processes requires that graduatingchemical engineers obtain an understanding of modern bioprocess principles. This paperdescribes the development and implementation of a five week long protein production projectinto a multidisciplinary upper level elective course

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs II (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Birnkrant, Drexel University; Matthew Cathell, Drexel University; Priscilla Blount, Martha Washington Elementary School; Jean Robinson, Martha Washington Elementary School; Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University; Eli Fromm, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2008-2070: INTRODUCING ENGINEERING THROUGH CANDYMichael Birnkrant, Drexel University Michael Birnkrant received a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering on May 21, 2004 from Rutgers University. He will complete a Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering in 2008 at Drexel University. Michael is in his second year as an NSF GK-12 Teaching Fellow. He has also received funding from the NSF-IGERT fellowship, and the Drexel University College of Engineering Dean’s Fellowship. His doctoral research has focused on building three dimensional nanoscale structures by combining multiple nanoscale polymer processing techniques for use in organic photonic applications. Michael has an Engineer-in

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs I (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Kelly, Oregon State University; Edith Gummer, Northwest Regional Education Laboratory; Philip Harding, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering and is responsible for the development of a 3-term senior lab sequence for those disciplines. Dr. Harding has 15 years of professional experience in the oil, pulp and paper, and microelectronics industries and holds several patents. His primary objective is to prepare students for the workforce by providing them context for applying their technical training, developing their written and oral communication skills, and building leadership and teamwork skills.Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University Milo Koretsky is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Oregon State University. He currently has research activity in areas related

Conference Session

Looking at the ChE Curriculum

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annette Jacobson, Carnegie Mellon University; Rosemary Frollini, Carnegie Mellon University; Susana Steppan, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

hasdeveloped and improved over the last 30 years for two main reasons: continued interest fromindustry to hire graduates with this background and the sustained expertise and commitment offaculty in these research areas. The coursework includes the physical chemistry of colloids andpolymers coupled with an intensive lab experience that covers classical physical characterizationmethods. The lab experience also includes exposure to examples of relevant products andprocesses used in industry. Recently, the program was expanded to a minor in Colloids,Polymers and Surfaces (CPS) and is available to all engineering majors in the college ofengineering at Carnegie Mellon. A short review of the program content will be presented.Assessment of the program will

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs I (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Keith, Michigan Technological University; H. Scott Fogler, University of Michigan; Valarie Thomas, University of Michigan; Don Chmielewski, Illinois Institute of Technology; Michael Gross, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. His current research interests include the reaction and colloidal kinetics of asphaltene and wax deposition from crude oil. He is a member of the CACHE Corporation which is supporting this initiative of bringing energy modules into the undergraduate curriculum.Valarie Thomas, University of Michigan Valarie Thomas is an assistant research scientist in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Michigan. She received her S.B. in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her Ph.D from the University of Michigan in the same field. Her current research interests are interdisciplinary and include surface chemistry, catalysis, alternative

Conference Session

Innovations in the ChE Laboratory

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Vaughen, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

laboratory, training the students about process safety in aninherently low-risk environment. The approach is based on more than ten years of industrialprocess hazards analysis experience, which includes assessing for process-related hazards andreducing process-related risks. Before the students began the experimental phase of theirlaboratory project, they documented that they understood the potential hazardous events relatedto their project. The students completed a series of Project Risk Analysis (PRA) check sheetswhich listed both the hazards addressed in the OSHA Process Safety Management standard (i.e.,fire, explosion, and toxic release) as well as other area and personnel safety-related hazards (e.g.,noise, utilities, etc.). Then the students