Conference Session

Global Perspective and Experiential Learning in Civil Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ann E. Jeffers, University of Michigan; Paul A. Beata, University of Michigan; Beverly Ilse Strassmann, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Page 24.94.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 A Qualitative Study to Assess the Learning Outcomes of a Civil Engineering Service Learning Project in BoliviaAbstractTo better understand the learning outcomes of engineering service learning projects carried outin an international setting, we performed an exploratory study to assess the learning outcomes ofa student-led project involving the design and construction of a pedestrian bridge in a village inrural Bolivia. The students kept reflective journals during their four-week stay in Bolivia. Wehave analyzed the journals from a phenomenological framework. The data suggests that thedesign experience stretched the students

Conference Session

Critical Thinking, Leadership, and Creativity

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kacey Beddoes, Oregon State University; Corey M. Schimpf, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

editorial alsoaimed to increase engagement with interdisciplinarity. In line with those objectives and trends,this paper discusses grounded theory development via metaphors, an approach that has not beenwidely engaged in engineering education, and highlights its challenges. In doing so, the paperalso raises larger questions about theory in engineering education research. The aims of thisarticle are threefold: 1) to demonstrate how new metaphors can contribute to grounded theorydevelopment, 2) to explain the significance of such approaches, and 3) to identify challenges ofintroducing grounded theories and new metaphors in engineering education research.This paper follows others who have reflected on their own research studies,9 and calls

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Lee, Central Illinois Technology and Education Research Institute

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

use LEGOStoryVisualizer software to compose short stories depicting common engineering problems andtheir existing or potential solutions. Initially, LEGO StoryStarter components are used toconstruct scenes depicting a specific engineering problem (see topics below) along withillustrating a creative solution to that problem. Next, the students capture images of their sceneswith the aid of an inexpensively made light box. The images are then either imported into theLEGO StoryVisualizer software or sequenced using a stop motion application (e.g., SAMAnimation Software/myCreate, iMotion HD) to compose an artistic reflection upon the posedproblem. In addition, 7th and 8th grade girls are invited to help lead small groups by offeringguidance on the

Conference Session

Choice and Persistence in Engineering Education and Careers

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Wolfe, Carnegie Mellon University; Beth A. Powell, Tennessee Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Engineering)The quotations above reflect a common experience for engineering students: norm-referencedgrading (or grading on a curve). Norm-referenced grading has often been linked to problems ofretention in engineering and other STEM fields. In their widely cited study on whyundergraduates leave the sciences, Seymour and Hewitt attribute norm-referenced grading tocreating a competitive atmosphere where students are pitted against one another—an atmospherethat alienates many otherwise capable students[1]. Individual engineering faculty have likewisespoken out against the practice for fostering a competitive atmosphere that discourages studentsfrom developing the collaboration competencies ABET now requires [2, 3]. The popular pressalso links norm

Conference Session

Understanding our Students & Ethical Development

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natalie C.T. Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines; Maria Brunhart-Lupo, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

Paper ID #9395Ethics for the ”Me” Generation - How ”Millennial” Engineering StudentsView Ethical Responsibility in the Engineering ProfessionMrs. Natalie CT Van Tyne P.E., Colorado School of Mines Natalie Van Tyne is a Teaching Associate Professor and Director of the Design EPICS Program at Col- orado School of Mines. Her background is in chemical and environmental engineering, and she is a registered professional engineer in Colorado. She has been teaching first year and second year funda- mental engineering design courses since 2002, and her research interests are in service learning, reflective learning, and

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glenn W. Ellis, Smith College; Halimat A. Ipesa-Balogun, Smith College; Yanning Yu, Northwestern University; Yezhezi Zhang, Smith College; Xi Jiang, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students to reflect upon the effectiveness ofthis approach. The students together proposed that anyone posting an authoritative source mustalso post a summary of the content of the source. Later they continued to improve upon this ideaand soon required anyone posting an authoritative source to process it and include in their notehow the authoritative source could be used to improve the ideas in the group’s discourse.MetadiscourseStudies have shown that when students are engaged in metacognitive activities (e.g., self-reflection, self-explanation, or monitoring), their learning is enhanced. However, metacognitivethinking is not spontaneous. Thus, it is important to incorporate metacognitive support in thedesign of learning environments (Lin, X

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques in the Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jayne Marks, University of Pittsburgh; Kevin J. Ketchman, University of Pittsburgh; David R. Riley II, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Lisa Riley Brown, Penn State University; Melissa M. Bilec, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

course in which students arechallenged to apply concepts of sustainability through tangible and appropriate projects carriedout with a partnering community/project. The Pennsylvania State University is a publicuniversity with 36,749 full time undergraduates and 6,418 graduate students. The flipped classwas of similar design and make-up, containing 12 students of mixed majors and years in school.Both classes were pilot programs for the National Energy Leadership Corps (NELC). TheNELC is a joint program under development at Penn State and UPitt and is designed to teachstudents about home energy efficiency and sustainability and empower them to conduct homeenergy assessments in their community. The design of the program reflects the need

Conference Session

WIED: Pre-College Student Experiences

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Volcy, Spelman College

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

  to   any   introductory   academic   engineering   exercise   that  deliberately  aims  to  incorporate  as  many  aspects  of  real-­‐engineering  as  possible  in  order  to   create   an   experience   that   accurately   reflects   the   practice   of   engineering.     For  incoming   students,   up   to   the   point   when   they   arrive   on   a   college   campus,   most  introductory   engineering   activity   is   intended   to   entice   or   awaken   the   student   to   the  possibilities   of   engineering.     ECIE   exercises,   on   the   other   hand,   aim   for   accuracy   of  practice   as   a   counter   measure   to   downstream   attrition   resulting   from   shifting  perceptions  of  engineering  as  students

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Bayless, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

, reflections on the class, and recommendations. Learn to be better observers and learners of leadership lessons in current and future venues.Class Assignments and ActivitiesBefore the first day of class, students are given electronic access to the class information andtheir own electronic journal (e-board) for their daily leadership reflections. The class informationincludes the syllabus and structure of the seminar, expected daily activities, brief biographies ofthe visiting speakers, and resumes and pictures of the scholars. Course booklets since 2008 havebeen kept as .pdf files and are available from the author via email request.Students are also asked to prepare an autobiography of themselves before the first day of class.The autobiography is the

Conference Session

FPD 11: Culminating Considerations

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole L Hird, Ohio State University; Deborah M. Grzybowski, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

majorrequiring fluid mechanics were asked two questions reflecting basic fluid mechanics, to testwhether the course had in fact been helpful in overcoming common misconceptions.Grade data was separately gathered without identifying information using the StudentInformational System (SIS). Data was gathered for all students having taken major-requiredfluid mechanics courses and one of the design course options from the honors first-year program.Not all majors had students from both the nanotechnology and robot courses; those majors werenot used in determining relative performance. A non-usable number of students from theinfrastructure option had taken a fluid mechanics course, so only the robot and nanotechnologycourses were compared. Data was used for

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natalie Mladenov, Kansas State University; Tara Kulkarni, Norwich University; Mara London, Gonzaga University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

having information come to them through memory, imagination, theory, andhunches (intuitive); students who prefer receiving information through physical demonstration,figures, and pictures (visual) or through words and mathematical expressions (verbal); studentswho process information actively through hands-on experiences (active) and those who reflect oninformation (reflective); and students who learn in step-by-step logical progression (sequential)and those who get the message all at once without seeing the connections (global). Estes et al.2revealed that traditional lecture-style engineering courses tend to teach toward the intuitive,verbal, reflective, and sequential learner. In contrast, recent work by Felder and Spurlin3 suggeststhat many

Conference Session

Engineering Student Experiences

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Tihanyi, University of Toronto; Penny Kinnear, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

idea of possible selvesand identity play to examine this process.Interactive Response and InteractionsFrom our early observations of the students’ use of the portfolios, we could see that identitywork and play occur in a variety of contexts, mediated by individual reflections as well as theresponses and interactions of other individuals. These observations informed our categorizationof “Interactive Response” (IR) as a site of learning mediated by diverse interactions with bothpeople (instructors, peers, friends/family, clients) and symbolic artifacts (e.g., professional codesof ethics). In this conception of IR, we pick up on Hattie and Timperley’s broader notion offeedback as provided by multiple “agent[s]”[8] in response to a particular

Conference Session

Principles of K-12 Engineering Education and Practice

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle E. Jordan , Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

efforts, structuring student engagement through individual designjournals, product design worksheets, and individual reflection questions. She also instigatedclassroom talk structures to facilitate learning through peer interaction in small-group and whole-class settings. These included structures such as group wikis7; five-minutes “stop-and-talks”, and– most importantly for this paper – public design critique sessions in which each group presentedtheir progress and received feedback from their teacher and classmates.Design critique sessions, also called design briefs, are one avenue through which the broadersocial context can exert influence on group-work processes of young designers. Design critiquesessions provide opportunities for teams to

Conference Session

Preparing Future Educators

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

required to manageprospective situations.”1 A GTA in this course will learn pedagogy and teaching skillsconcurrently. The course activities include peer observations, microteaching, observations bythe instructor which include a video capture of the student teaching, and reflective papers. Thestudent skills acquired are practice and feedback, reflecting on one’s own abilities andexperiences, course design (writing learning objectives, selecting appropriate methods andassessments, grading), and communicating with students. Research on the effectiveness ofvideo feedback as a training component indicates that it is effective in improving instructionalquality.2The learning experience for GTAs being trained to teach provides learning of the

Conference Session

DEED Melange

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Wang, University of California, Berkeley; Alice Merner Agogino, University of California, Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

may have explicit criteria for what they abstractly believe general education andcommunication should consist of, while they employ different criteria implicitly in the actualeducational situation that better reflect the educators’ model of learning.In this study, with the unique context of an open-ended and self-driven tinkering environmentand the student teams’ use of a human-centered design* approach, the collaborations benefittedfrom multiple types of communication and interaction. We explore the processes in which thecross-community designers engage to deconstruct their engineering practices for visitors, and weevaluate their perceptions of learning and engineering as reflected in their criteria for “good”engineering tinkering

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin G. Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

that geology would be onenatural science that would be a typical choice for civil engineers. Support for a third sciencebeyond physics and chemistry is also reflected in the civil engineering program-specific criteriafor ABET accreditation, which requires that civil engineering programs include at least one basicscience other than chemistry or physics.Context for Course DevelopmentThere are currently no geology faculty members at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (Rose-Hulman). However, the Department of Civil Engineering (CE Department) has always stronglyfelt CEE students should be able to learn geology as a science elective, and has thus worked hardto see that geology is available to students at least once each year. The institute has

Conference Session

WIED: Pre-College Student Experiences

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane Andrews, Aston University; Robin Clark P.E., Aston University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Engineering Profession itself is beset by gender inequitiesin terms of the number of women engineers. National statistics, whilst not providing an‘exact’ comparison, do provide insight into the numbers of women within Engineering. Forexample, within the UK the literature suggests that only 9% of Engineering Professionals arewomen, compared with 18% in Spain, 26% in Sweden and 20% in Italy[2]. The low figure inthe UK reflects that of the USA where previous studies indicate that only 11% of Engineersare women[23] and in Australia where 14% of Engineers are women[24]. Page 24.1367.2Explanations in the literature as to why so few women select to become

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

goalthrough other avenues? This study explored the attitudes of female students at the end of theirfirst semester in engineering in order to help answer this question. Students’ reflective essaysfrom first year introduction to civil engineering (CE), environmental engineering (EvE), andarchitectural engineering (AE) courses were analyzed for content. The students were asked todiscuss if they were interested in continuing to major in CE/EvE/AE and why or why not. Arubric was used to score the extent to which the students indicated that helping people was amotivation toward engineering; 35% of CE students and 32% of EvE students indicated that theirprimary motivation toward the major was the ability to help people. Engineers Without Borders(EWB) and

Conference Session

Developing the Design Skillset

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Antonette T. Cummings P.E., Purdue University; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students and theircommunity partners and other stakeholders is important [6], [7]. Research suggests that criticalexperiences, where design assumptions are confronted, and immersive experiences are needed todevelop more comprehensive ways of understanding design [8].This past summer, EPICS offered an immersive design experience to a group of 13 students (12undergraduate, 1 graduate) from a variety of majors. Another publication provides a broaderdescription of this course and includes data from the participants’ reflections [9]. The designteam’s goal was to make the camp more accessible to children with physical disabilities throughtwo projects: the design of an accessible tree house and the adaptation of a sailboat to allowcontrol of the steering

Conference Session

Integration of Engineering and Other Disciplines (Including Liberal Arts)

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Otto, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Bradley Adam Camburn, University of Texas, Austin, and Singapore University of Technology & Design; Kristin L. Wood, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD); Giacomo Nannicini, SUTD; Roland Bouffanais, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Elica Kyoseva, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Jean Wan Hong Yong, SUTD; Dario Poletti, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Robert E Simpson; Aditya Prasad Mathur

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

:  Pedagogical  Objectives  The pedagogical foundation for the 2D Design Activity rests in the Kolb learning model18, whichdescribes the complete progressive cycle of learning experiences. As shown in Figure 1, thismodel is based on four fundamental progressive experiences needed for learning: concreteexperience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. In theKolb model of learning, the goal for any course or teaching activity is to follow this progressionof student led learning, and to act as a facilitator in the natural inquisitive exploration that willoccur in this progression. Concrete

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Technical Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria Townsend, University of Windsor; (Ruth) Jill Urbanic P.Eng., University of Windsor

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

utilized. In the pedagogicalliterature, Kolb’s experiential learning cycle is often referenced. Kolb’s learning cycle consistsof a concrete experience (feeling), reflective observation (watching), abstract conceptualisation(thinking), and active experimentation (doing)[5]. This is quite similar to Deming’s plan (think),do (and feel), check (reflect), and act (revise) learning cycle. Deming’s PDCA cycle is used herebecause it also further grounds the students’ learning in industrial engineering practice, asstudents may have learned about Deming and his work in their studies on quality, management,and continuous improvement, which is also cited in the project management literature[6, p.229].This enables the learning strategy to potentially be

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G. Mauk, Drexel University; Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); M. Eric Carr, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

using low-costfluorescent cameras, visible and near-IR cameras, and far-infrared thermal cameras areused to characterize the grain structure, defects, surface roughness, reflectivity,electroluminescence, photoluminescence, and photovoltaic operation of solar cellmaterials (e.g., monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon wafers), thin-film and nanosolar cells, commercial silicon solar cells, and photovoltaic modules. Students canimport captured images into MATLAB or other widely-available image processingsoftware for analysis and interpretation. Topical laboratory modules and projects arebeing developed suitable for on-line delivery.Overview, Purpose and Broad Aims: The purpose of this work is to develop, validate,and disseminate a series of

Conference Session

Engineering Faculty: Interactions, Influences and Issues

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Massi, University of Central Florida; Caitlyn R. McKinzie, University of Central Florida; Andre J Gesquiere, University of Central Florida; Sudipta Seal, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

specific setting.19 Observation of the expert helps the novice to develop aconceptual model of the task which provides a useful framework within which the novice canorganize, interpret, and reflect on feedback from the expert.19 The apprenticeship model is thecore of the undergraduate research experience, whereby a faculty researcher mentors anundergraduate student through hands-on, authentic, self-directed scientific investigation thatmakes an original contribution to the field.Out-of-class experiences are as equally effective as class-related experiences on improvededucational outcomes, suggesting that a holistic approach fosters students’ college success.20Extra-curricular opportunities for undergraduate students to be involved in faculty

Conference Session

Software Engineering Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vignesh Subbian, University of Cincinnati; Carla C. Purdy, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

in contemporary softwareengineering principles, the experimental version of the course incorporated the followingvariations:1. The laboratory project now involves open-source mobile application development;2. The hybrid design methodology (waterfall and XP) is further explored by incorporating two or more development cycles into the project, while additional classroom activities further understanding of connections between the development process and application needs;3. Five active-learning sessions are included to enable reflection on past co-operative education or internship experiences and relate them to classroom learning. The objective of this novel pedagogical strategy, which we call UnLecture, is to bridge the gap between

Conference Session

ETAC, ABET, & STEM Programs

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmine C. Balascio, University of Delaware

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

requirement with a “Technical Practicum in Industry” – aninternship. Students are required to keep a reflective journal documenting their work activitiesand time on the job, which must reach 120 hours for a 3-credit course. The students also submita final report summarizing their experience.The ET workplace competencies provide an excellent framework around which the students canorganize their journals and final reports. Artifacts consisting of work products generated by thestudents can be provided and discussed in the narrative to demonstrate mastery of specificworkplace competencies. Students are encouraged to document significant workplaceexperiences using the behavioral interviewing response technique known as “STAR” –Situation/Task, Action

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nausheen Pasha-Zaidi, The Petroleum Institute; Jaby Mohammed, The Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

process can affect the quality of the team experience. In this study,female students in an Engineering Design course at the PI were randomly assigned toteams. After the first team presentation, they were asked to consider the effectiveness oftheir random team assignment and reflect on their team processes. Student perceptions ofteam effectiveness were gauged using anonymous surveys. Engagement in teamwork wassubsequently assessed using a variety of tools. In this paper, the authors discuss theimplications of choice in team creation on student perceptions of team effectiveness andsatisfaction.IntroductionResearch suggests that same-gender teams (all-male or all-female) perceive themselves asmore effective than heterogeneous teams (Baugh &

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip J. Parker P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Ben Bocher, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Austin Polebitski, University of Wisconsin Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Low level are deemed “Unacceptable.” The competencieslisted in each outcome level varied slightly for each course and varied as the semester progressed(as will be noted in the “Reflection” section of this paper). The competencies used at the end ofthe Fall 2013 semester for the 4000-level Hydrology course are listed in Table 1. A similar listof competencies was used in the 3000-level Fluid Mechanics course, with adjustments to fit theinstructors’ preferences. These adjustments were relatively minor; for example, in the 4000- Page 24.205.3level courses, two or more comma errors are considered a Low level error, while for the 3000-level courses

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Ahn, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amadin Osagiede, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

professional leadership plan tailored to students’current and future career goals. Particular focus was made upon ways that students can aligntheir technical interests with leadership. The class involved a combination of lecture (based onarticles or papers by Kotter11, and Northouse12), experiential exercises (e.g., attending leadership Page 24.863.2seminars and writing reflections), discussions, in-class presentation, videos, individualassignments, and team assignments. Seven students took the course in Fall 2013 and were eitherfreshmen or sophomores in the College of Engineering. As part of their requirement in the course,each student developed a

Conference Session

Applications of Online Computing

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robin Fowler, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

education, and it isparticularly prevalent in the field of undergraduate engineering education. A strict definition ofcollaborative learning differentiates a collaborative project from one that merely requirescooperation. In collaborative learning, students work in groups to together develop a sharedunderstanding of and solution for an ill-structured problem14. Teachers are redefined as“coaches” helping students to work towards a set of possible open-ended solutions, and studentstake some ownership of their own learning through reflection. Typically, students learn aboutteam skills in addition to course content. Engestrom5 identified three stages that are characteristicof collaborative learning. In his view, for learning to be truly collaborative

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

between cv and cP. Warehouse. 50 min studio 4 students Fall 2013; Available on Concept Work Pv work as an energy transfer process interviews, 155 students for Warehouse. reflections 50 min studio Definition of a reversible process; 4 students