location and trajectory of vehicles. Studentsuse these models to calculate the movement of two vehicles over a 5-second period. It isassumed that ∆𝑡𝑡 is 1 second. The instructor emphasizes that animations and transportationmeasures of effectiveness obtained from traffic simulation models are developed according to carfollowing models.Transportation measures of effectiveness (MOEs): In the next step, the instructor and studentsdiscuss indexes that could be used to quantify the quality of travel experienced by road users.Students are asked to reflect on their personal daily travel experiences and mention when theythink the transportation system is or is not working well for them. Through guided discussions,students typically list indexes such as
. FindingsAnna’s View: Designing Possibilities and Confronting Constraints 8 Conversations with Anna, whether they took place in curriculum planningsessions or in the context of reflecting on the smART project, were characterized byoverflowing ideas. She often responded to planning questions by offering new ideas, andwhen students undertook many of the art-infused engineering projects, she would proposenew, related projects or ask for advice on how she could implement similar activities inher science classroom. She was often interested in how origami, an art form with whichshe had prior experience, could be used to teach other content, such as mathematics
. – 9:00 p.m. Reflective/Down Time 9:00 p.m. Lights out/ Bed TimeCurriculumThe NM PREP high school curriculum was designed by the Engineering New Mexico ResourceNetwork (ENGR-NM) staff utilizing feedback provided by the participating engineering facultymembers. The ENGR-NM leadership team met with members of the engineering faculty toidentify activities and to discuss the science behind them as a means of introducing students tothe various engineering disciplines offered by the college. Each department provided an activitythey thought would best engage students, while providing them with some of the technical skillsneeded to be successful future engineering students. A dry-run of the activities
15-311. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/. Accessed April 1, 2016.7. Valencia, R. (2015). Students of Color and the Achievement Gap: Systemic Challenges, Systemic Transformations. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.8. The STEM Connector, 2012-2013, Annual Report: “Where are the STEM Students” Executive Summary, pg.12. This number (8.65 million) does not reflect people in who are “self-employed” in STEM fields. If “self-employed” is included, the number of people employed in STEM fields in 2012 is 14.9 million, and is projected to reach 15.68 million by 2018.9. Jolly, E.J., Campbell, P.B., & Perlman, L. 2004. Engagement, Capacity and Continuity: A Trilogy for Student
all thirty-eight students at the beginning and at the endof the workshop activity to collect pre-and post-data. The survey was prepared to reflect therelevant previous studies and to understand the workshop impact with respect to its goal andincluded a number of questions to indicate whether the activity improved student technical andskill learning (high school students), mentorship confidence (undergraduates), and ability toteach 3D modeling class independently (graduates). A total of 38 students participated in thestudy (22 males and 16 females). The participants indicated that none of the high school norundergraduate students were exposed to 3D printing previously, and only 1 high school studentwas familiar with 3D modeling concepts. At
families are invited to one of SfT’s partner institutions, including theMuseum of Science and Industry, The Field Museum of Natural History and the PeggyNotebaert Nature Museum.The question the SfT initiative explores is if there are changes in participants’ and out-of-school time organization leadership’s attitude towards STEAM, as well as a gain in contentknowledge. To study this question, participants are given a survey gaging their attitudes andknowledge about STEAM before and after each module. Additionally, all instructors arerequired to complete Activity Journal Logs after each of their class sessions. These journalsallow instructors to reflect on their classes and help to identify where they needed moresupport from the SfT initiative
(engineeringmanagement is the most popular). And yet, the number of students enrolled in the CU TeachEngineering concentration does not nearly reflect the scale of interest initially expressed by theundergraduate engineering student body on a 2012 survey: while one-quarter of the almost 1,000respondents indicated an interest in K-12 teaching on the survey, just 14 students are currentlypursuing the CU Teach Engineering concentration. What is keeping those who indicated ahypothetical interest in K-12 teaching from enrolling in it and pursuing secondary STEM teacherlicensure as part of their engineering degrees? This paper seeks to begin probing this complexquestion by taking a historical perspective, integrating data from the initial launch of the programwith
incorporated in the form of educational technology to promote effective pedagogy, whichhas fostered the development of a new conceptual framework termed as the technological-pedagogical-content-knowledge (TPACK).2-4 The concept of TPACK reflects the status oftechnological, pedagogical, and content knowledge of educators.3 Moreover, the intersection ofthe three constitutive knowledge domains of TPACK, viz., technology, pedagogy, and content giverise to four additional knowledge domains, viz., technological pedagogical knowledge,pedagogical content knowledge, technological content knowledge, and technological pedagogicalcontent knowledge.4It is believed that the application of TPACK framework can make its three core knowledgedomains complementary to
researchers seek to understand whether and to what extent thedevelopment of engineering “habits of mind and action” in middle school STEM (science,technology, engineering, and math) courses leads to improvements in problem solving abilities,integration of STEM content, and increased interest in engineering. The Next Generation ScienceStandards (NGSS; NGSS Lead States, 2013) call for “raising engineering design to the samelevel as scientific inquiry in science classroom instruction at all levels” (p. 1). Reflecting thisemphasis on engineering as a core idea, recent reforms include proficiency in engineering designas a key component of college and career readiness (Auyang, 2004; Carr, Bennett, & Strobel,2012; Duderstadt, 2008; Kelly, 2014
products for each session. In order to ensure apositive learning environment, STEM undergraduate and graduate students served as classroomassistants and mentors to program participants. In the summer, the mentors were on campus fortwo weeks before participants arrived, to learn how to use software tools and create a PowerPointdeck (with reflection questions) about black and Hispanic inventors. The mentors also learnedabout behavior characteristics of middle school boys and how to create a supportive interaction.They also received training from CARES Mentoring Movement, an organization dedicated tohealing African-American communities through mentoring.Academic Year ProgramDuring the academic year, activities were converted from semester-long to
to students and pointed out, “it would have been good to see more interrogating of student ideas and less noting.” Formative assessment also influenced the game’s design because it provides teachers opportunities to metacognitively examine their ideas and goals, helps students reflect on their learning, and develop the agency of other students as instructional actors (e.g., through peer to peer learning) [7][8] . Teachers Students 1. The game sparks conversations that allow for a focused
particular. Further,there are still few published studies that contribute in meaningful ways to our understanding ofhow to recruit and retain learners from diverse groups. We close by setting research agendas andavenues needed to understand and impact concerns over diversity and inclusion in engineering.Introduction and backgroundDespite myriad calls for and programs aiming to bring engineering into K-12 settings, progresshas been hampered by an already crowded curricular scope, comparatively limited resources forteacher professional development on teaching engineering practices, and a relatively sparseadoption of state standards that include engineering. In this metasynthesis, we reflect on pastfindings and contrast this with more recent
, conceptual design is considered the most cognitively intensive inthe engineering design process (Kim, 2011). Therefore, throughout the whole design process,students may have engaged in their task differently, behaviorally emotionally and cognitively.Thus, we perceive the videos recording their design processes as temporal data. In order toanalyze such data, we used sequence analysis – a temporal data analysis method (Abbott,1995). Each video was divided into a number of two-minute segments for adequate coding,and each segment was watched and compared with predetermined indicators that reflect thethree types of engagement and thus record the presence of each type of engagement at thesub-group level. Due to space limit of this paper, these indicators
developing standards-based lesson plans.In turn, it was expected that teachers’ research experience(s) and implementation of theinstructional modules in their classrooms would thus impact upon their students’ learning andmotivation to pursue studies in STEM areas16.The success of the RET program has been reflected, in part, by the number of teachers whocontinued to seek a place in the RET programs that followed each summer. One such teacherwas a participant in the first RET program, and since then has been invited back each year toparticipate in the program; the only teacher to have been invited back for each of the ten years ofthe program to continue development of engineering curricula for her high school and serve as amentor for other teachers in
and pre and postprogram assessment that includes both academic and interest outcomes. Various statistical testsincluding an ANOVA analysis of mean differences as well as a regression analysis of the studentand mentor data should be conducted. Additionally, as introduced within the limitations section,an analysis of classroom mentors opened-ended questions should be analyzed for qualitativeresearch purposes. This is especially important for those mentors who had negative experiencesand may have reflected that information within the survey.BIBLIOGRAPHY[1] Afterschool Alliance (2004). American After 3 PM: Afterschool Programs in Demand.[2] Afterschool Alliance. (2011). Afterschool: A vital partner in STEM education. Retrieved from http
include discipline-specific elements of arguments, such as weighing and justifyingtrade-offs based on prioritized criteria and constraints, which are features of argumentation inengineering.21 Thus, more discipline-specific instruments are needed to assess students’argumentation in engineering.Some existing instruments can be used to determine the quality of students’ writing inengineering. Most notably, Abts and colleagues developed the Engineering Design ProcessPortfolio Scoring Rubric,22 which includes the following two elements: “evaluation, reflection,and recommendations” and “presenting the project.” These elements might be related toargumentation, in the sense that students are expected to present the project “for the audiencesand purposes
measures of teacher practice becorrelated to RTOP scores? Table 3: Description of comparison between SEC, RTOP, and Journal instrument scores. Procedural Knowledge SEC RTOP Journal How much of science instructional Which of these did the teacher do time in class do students spend… Evaluates the kinds of during the lesson… processes the student are Use hands-on materials, reflect on asked by the teacher to use their work, solve science problems
contextrequires a more thoughtful approach, taking care not to make assumptions based on pastexperiences with non-American Indian students. Another pattern revolved around pedagogicalmethods; some proposed that teachers must take extra care to teach to various learning styles andmake curriculum content relatable to students’ lives, and others suggested that instructionalmethods should reflect a natural, traditionally-rooted learning style. A final common thread thatwas mentioned in two of the three groups was the importance of integrating technology intolearning in order to help American Indian students stay connected to the 21st century. This,however, can be tempered by poor connectivity in some rural nations.The final prompt asked participants to
todecide which will work best in their classroom.The model most teachers chose to use largelylooked like the Massachusetts Department ofEducation Engineering Design Process Model7(Fig. 2). Some teachers preferred to furthercondense this model into easier acronyms suchas D.E.A.L (determine the problem, evaluatepossible solutions, apply the best solution, lookback and reflect). Figure 2: Massachusetts Department of Education Engineering Design Process Model (MassachusettsTeachers work through the EDP to design and DOE 2006, p. 84)build their own wearable device to address a OneHealth issue. With guidance from Center faculty experienced in
authors embarked on the mission to investigate how common it was to use multipledrive teams, they did not expect these results. Having three drive teams on Team 3459 is uniquerelative to all the teams in North Carolina and 91 percent of the participating FRC teamsresponding used the traditional format of one drive team or one drive team plus a backup. Wewere surprised to see that another team in Michigan has considered this option and will try it thisseason.This was just a pilot study, and we observed potential issues with survey participant selection. ● Only teams with representation in Chief Delphi were invited to participate ● Because the invitation was in the form of a forum post, only teams that have spent time reflecting on the
presented is based upon work supported by the National Science FoundationDivision of Research on Learning under Grant No. DRL 1543175. Any opinions, findings andconclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation References[1] Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33-35.[2] Ginsburg, H. P., Inoue, N., & Seo, K. H. (1999). Young children doing mathematics: Observations of everyday activities. Mathematics in the early years, 1, 88-99.[3] Hutchinson, E., & Pournara, C. (2014). Pre-school children's performance on repeat- pattern tasks
had observed from using TeachEngineering curricula;student engagement was commonly mentioned: “I am a physics teacher that has been looking for a more creative way to introduce vectors. My honors physics [students] are having a blast with the vector voyage activity!” “Students are engaged and thinking. That’s a definite plus!” “My students are engaged in critical thinking, they have a lot to say about it and my principal is impressed.” “My students have loved using this curriculum. They have been so engaged and excited. They meet me at the door asking what we’re going to do in science today!” “Students are more engaged and excited about learning. Their conversations reflect what they are
, Engineering Education1. Introduction – Research to Practice PaperEngineering education, and especially computer science (CS) within that realm, is embeddedwithin science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), but K12 classroom practicesdo not often reflect CS content due in part to teacher skill levels and an efficacy gap. CS can takeon many meanings, but at its core, it is the science of problem solving in a computationalcontext, and CS as a skill is challenging (Burrows, Borowczak, Slater, & Haynes, 2012). MostCS university programs prepare software engineers, and as such the subjects are entwined. Thedistinction between engineering and CS can be blurry if only examining the theory of CS insteadof the practical applications. This
leadingthem to construct and organize patterns of ideas (logico-mathematical knowledge) and throughsocial experiences (social-conventional knowledge; Piaget, Henriques, & Ascher, 1992). Theactivities utilizing design in engineering education serve as a potential context for providing thekinds of experiences Piaget alluded to in his research, as these experiences allow the learner toactively engage in his or her own learning process, reflect on the use of existing structures ofknowledge, and benefit from scaffolded learning in an environment that values participation andinteraction among students, teachers, and other resources (deMiranda, 2004; Loewenberg Ball,2010).Engineering Problem Solving & Design as Context Curricular units and
redesign. The practice of engineering requires the application of Apply Science, Engineering, science, mathematics, and engineering knowledge and Mathematics Knowledge engineering education at the K-12 level should emphasize (SEM) this interdisciplinary nature. Students should be independent and reflective thinkers Engineering Thinking capable of seeking out new knowledge and learning from
Incorporation of Incorporation of Incorporates some Engineering engineering practices engineering some engineering opportunity for Practices are evident and practices are evident practices are evident students to carry Engages students in include opportunities and include and include out an investigation authentic and for students to: opportunities for opportunities for meaningful 1. Ask questions (for students to: students to: scenarios that reflect science) and defining 1. Ask questions (for 1. Ask questions (for the practice of problems (for
can be processed inonly one of two ways (addition and subtraction) at the most fundamental level, regardless ofthe device that processes it, be it electronic or biological. If so, we can infer that no matterhow a computing device processes information structurally, the duality in basic computationwill most likely manifest itself at higher-level device-dependent processes as well. Anotherreason for similarities may be that the design and use of electronic computing devices areimposed by biological computing agents that control them. As a result, the mind’s use ofelectronic computing devices should reflect how it does its own computing. This may be whymodeling is common to both electronic and biological computing because the thinkingprocess
, including high ceilingswith hard, reflective floors creating a flutter echo, a long hallway or stairwell that producesreverberations with a gradual decay, and finally an anechoic sound recording booth.Following the walk, students return to the main classroom and attempt to recreate the differentenvironments they explored using a multi-tap delay effect built into AudioWorks. Three othereffects in AudioWorks are also briefly introduced: harmonic distortion, low and high-pass filters,and amplitude modulation. For this activity, students are encouraged to bring their own electricinstruments and use the iPad running AudioWorks as an effects processor, which provides aunique opportunity to visually relate the sound of various effects to how they modify