Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Work in Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey Kiassat, PhD, MBA, PE P.E., Quinnipiac University; Ruby ElKharboutly, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

has been applied during Spring 2017 on trial bases and was fully implemented during the Fall 2018 advising season. Results show a significant reduction in the advising session duration and general satisfaction from both faculty and students. The study is still ongoing. The next steps involve standardization and validation. We plan to standardize the process by reflecting and rectifying problems that aroused during Fall 2018. Some problems included miscommunication between PMs and faculty and delays in obtaining the executive summaries. We would like to expand the use of the new advising process to including all advising faulty and all first-year students in Fall 2019. The validation/post-implementation phase is conducted

Conference Session

PANEL: After #MeToo: What’s next for Women in the Engineering Workplace?

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer J VanAntwerp, Calvin College; Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Sandra D. Eksioglu, Clemson University; Joanna Wright, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

reflected in the growing number ofwomen who joined the workforce. Marriage rates among young people declined as peoplewaited longer to marry. Birthrates also declined (in comparison to the boom of the 1950s),household sizes dropped, and divorce rates grew, so that by 1978, women headed over 14percent of American families. Although occupations continued to remain highly segregatedalong gender lines, more and more women began to enter the workforce. By 1978, women madeup 42% of wage earners, up from 32% in 1950. Among working women, 78 held jobs in sales,service, or factories, while only 22% worked in managerial or professional occupations—and themajority of those were in teaching and nursing [16]. These segregation patterns continuedthrough the

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 10: Understanding Student Experiences

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Dringenberg, Ohio State University; Stephen Secules, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amy Kramer P.E., Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

because culture influences what constitutesintelligence and intelligent acts [9, 10]. Indeed, conceptions of “smartness” in school often caterto analytical abilities, while ignoring other types of intelligence, such as creative or practicalabilities [11]. This emphasis on analytical abilities is magnified even further in engineeringschool, where math and engineering science dominate the curriculum. This cultural norm ofvaluing analytical intelligence above all else reflects white, middle class constructions ofintelligence. This reality contributes to the exclusionary narratives about who belongs inengineering as the qualities that are revered in academia (e.g., brilliance, rigor, seriousness,rationality, objectivity, etc.) are all traditionally

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Design I

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie M. Gillespie, Arizona State University; Mark Vincent Huerta, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Jared Joseph Schoepf, Arizona State University; Joshua Loughman, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

potential benefitsand challenges of supporting multidiscipline teams in an academic curriculum. Whilemultidisciplinary project-based learning and multidisciplinary service-learning are not new ideas,rarely is the team composition considered in relation to the impacts to student learning andperception.This work examines the experiences of three multidisciplinary, sustainability focused teamsproviding solutions for use and education in communities considered food-deserts. The threeteam structures vary in degree of multidisciplinary composition, one of the EPICSdifferentiators. Students were asked to define multidisciplinary teams and then reflect on theirown team experiences and team compositions. Transcripts of focus group interviews with currentand

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 23: Courses and Research on Communication

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darren L. Linvill Ph.D., Clemson University; Meghnaa Tallapragada, Clemson University; Nigel Berkeley Kaye, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Webb’s instrument [22]. This measureexplored participants positive or negative attitudes toward communicating about engineeringrelated topics in various contexts. Participants completed 18 items, each with a 7-point bipolarscale reflecting the participants’ attitudes about engaging in communication regardingengineering.Motivation: Student motivation was measure using Christophel’s [23] student motivation scale.This measure explored the participants degree of motivation to put forth effort in the currentclass. Participants completed 16 items, each employing a 7-point bipolar scale reflectingparticipants’ feelings toward their current class.Intended behavior: Intended behavior was measured were measured using an adapted version ofPoliakoff and

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Design Teams

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Jamie Gomez, University of New Mexico; Martin A. Watkins, University of New Mexico; Tryphenia B. Peele-Eady Ph.D., University of New Mexico

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

havesome kind of engineering analysis” and pressed them to explain why their project was “sogreat.” Her concern reflected the instructor’s comment, “What can you really uniquelycontribute as an engineer?” as she pressed, “Why is there a need for it?” The studentsexplained the potential for saving lives by having a way to detect symptoms of shock.Steve’s team struggled to define this as a design problem and resisted reframing theproblem. Instead, they treated the problem as well-structured and their task as finding theright answer, primarily adopting a performance orientation. Vignette 4: Feb 4Daniela: I just thought that something bothers me the fact that (.) yeah we're gonna put the sensor on the stomach (.) right? During surgery

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David MacNair, Georgia Institute of Technology; David Edward Torello, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeffrey A. Donnell, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

seek to evaluate integrative thinking, we choose to avoid the style ofpoint-allocation rubrics, as point awards necessarily skew towards simple report features thatmay fail to reflect the students’ understanding of their work.To reflect our emphasis on higher-level thinking we have chosen to develop mastery-orientedrubrics, where report sections are evaluated on a continuum from Novice to Mastery (or 1 to 5).This enables us to rank reports according to the students’ ability to define critical points for eachsection of a report. Our generic rubric for a laboratory report is shown in Table 1. Table 1. Default rubric for assessing student understanding in laboratory reports Headed Section Important Statement(s

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development using Robotics Activities

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sai Prasanth Krishnamoorthy, NYU Tandon School of Engineering; Sheila Borges Rajguru, NYU Tandon School of Engineering; Vikram Kapila, NYU Tandon School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

various engineering fundamentals and concepts through hands-on, activelearning, the 18-day collaborative research phase focused on project-based learning. By modelingand reflecting an authentic research setting, this approach engaged teachers in significant self-directed learning and collaboration with fellow researchers. As evidenced from [36], active,collaborative, and problem-based learning are found to improve student engagement, facilitatelonger retention of information, and positively influence learner’s attitudes and study habits.On three days during the six-week PD, teachers participated in a lesson plan developmentworkshop conducted by teachers and researchers of a robotics PD program, also being conductedat NYU Tandon, to explore the 3D

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 7: Learning and Research in Makerspaces

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Torralba, University of Miami; Rob Rouse, Southern Methodist University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

each team as well as expert involvement.Table 1Additional details on the composition of each team, as well as relevant information on the SIL experts. Data Collection and Analysis During the IDC, the first author assumed the role of a non-participant observer and collected all the data used in this study. Following an ethnographic approach, he did not engage in any of the activities in which the students participated throughout the IDC and interacted with them only when observation alone did not provide data on instances he believed to be relevant to answering the overarching research question (e.g., when participants worked quietly, independently, or engaged in self-reflection). Main sources of data consisted of extensive field notes, videos

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 10: Understanding Student Experiences

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Candice Bolding, Clemson University; Jennifer Harper Ogle, Clemson University; Catherine Mcgough Spence, Clemson University; Joseph Murphy, Clemson University; Rachel Lanning, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

asking the participants about their “story” (for example, “How did you get intoengineering?”), followed by reflecting on their engineering identity, sense of belongingness inengineering for themselves and for other students, and their present and future activities and plans in CE.Interviews were conducted by two members of the research team and were approximately one hour long.Qualitative Data AnalysisInterviews were professionally transcribed, and transcripts were reviewed by the interviewers to correcterrors. Initial qualitative analysis was conducted using descriptive coding (Miles and Huberman, 1994);responses to questions about belongingness were coded with the intention of capturing how participantsdescribed their sense of belongingness in

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 1 - Current Issues

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony P. Garland, Clemson University; Sarah Jane Grigg, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

item is graded as correct or incorrect with nopartial credit given. The TAs digitally fill out the rubric for each student and create a PDF of thecompleted rubric and return it to the students via the course management system gradebook. Keyattributes of this system of grading are 1) the grader can quickly fill out the rubric without havingto reflect on the requirements of the assignment, 2) subjectivity is limited by having standardgrading items to evaluate, 3) feedback is returned to the student electronically, making it moreaccessible and ensuring the feedback cannot be lost, and 4) an electronic record of errors iscollected for assessment purposes. The following questions still lingered: Do the graderscorrectly fill out the rubrics? Do all

Conference Session

Interest & Identity

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Murad Musa Mahmoud, Wartburg College; Jessica Marie Faber, Wartburg College; Luke G. Grzech, Wartburg College; Kurt Henry Becker, Utah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

qualitative data explicitly asked about whichfactors strongly influence their career choice. Immediate family and friends came in the top 10strongest factors, with immediate family coming in at number 2.This aligns with the findings of Yun et al. who concluded that parents are the front line withregards to the education of their children, and are important agents in the development andeducational achievement of their child in a formal setting [17].ConclusionsThere were a variety of very influential factors found in the study that impact male and femalestudents’ desire to pursue a career in STEM. The most influential factor found in the qualitativedata for both male and female students was Career Plans. This was also reflected in thequantitative data

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego; Catherine Mobley, Clemson University; Joyce B. Main, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Michelle M. Camacho, University of San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans

that was the first thing that tipped me off because I love to fix things [andthought] You know what? We can do something better.LimitationsAll five researchers in this study are women and none of us served in the military. Qualitativeresearch, by its nature, is designed to explore in depth the experiences of a relatively few people.Therefore, the opinions and experiences of these students may not reflect those of all Marinesand sailors. In addition, we were limited to studying only publicly available recruiting documentsand more current or non-public ones may reflect different priorities.Discussion and ConclusionThe reasons that people join the military and choose to major in engineering are multi-facetedand interwoven into their life

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Professional Skill Development

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

María del Carmen Garcia-Higuera, Universidad Panamericana; Rocio Chavez-Telleria, Universidad Panamericana; Armando Alemán-Juárez, Universidad Panamericana ; Isabel Joaquina Niembro García P.E., Universidad Panamericana

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

si de medirlas o de desarrollarlas… Y estaba el asunto de la rúbrica,,, era un poco compleja. No sé cómo se la dieron a entender a los alumnos. [MP5]Professor 4 ads, “Above all, teamwork, there was a particular evaluation for teamwork.” “Ysobre todo el trabajo en equipo, porque había una evaluación en particular de trabajo enequipo. [MP4]In this previous section, we described the challenges that professors experienced while teachingtheoretical contents through PBL. Professors reflect on their previous practice and compare theresults with the new learning model. They cited uncertainty about how to develop students’ softskills while fostering rigorous learning of Physics. In the next session, we present how the newmethodology allowed

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Lauren Summers, University of Washington; Joanna Wright, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

forlongitudinal studies, or for educators who want to enact timely interventions to support currentstudents.In addition to studying engagement because it provides a window into the present academicsituation for students, this study also chooses engagement metrics which are all motivational innature, as opposed to engagement variables commonly used in other studies such as time on taskand time spent in specific learning activities [30]. Motivational measures are important becausethey reflect not only how engaged a student is in the present, but also how likely they are toremain engaged and persist with their studies in the future. Research has shown that beingintrinsically or self-motivated predicts a student’s desire to learn and achieve better than

Conference Session

Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vigyan Jackson Chandra, Eastern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

that may be overlooked bynovices. The content knowledge of experts is organized in ways reflecting a deeper underlyingunderstanding of the content, allowing them to flexibly retrieve and apply key aspects of it whilesolving problems. By providing students with experiential learning opportunities, avenues forworking with scaled-down versions of technical problems, they too can begin buildingcontextual understanding, allowing them to notice subtle difference between similar situations.This will allow students to learn the information more effectively and to retain it longer,facilitating better transfer of knowledge and skills from the classroom to the workplace. In [2]emphasis is placed on the importance for learners to organize key ideas into

Conference Session

Computational Thinking in Pre-College Engineering

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily M. Haluschak, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kristina Maruyama Tank, Iowa State University; Tamara J. Moore, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amanda Clara Emberley, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debarati Basu, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech; Kang Xia, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle R. Murray, United States Military Academy; Benjamin Michael Wallen P.E., United States Military Academy; Luke Plante, United States Military Academy; Kimberly Quell, United States Military Academy; Michael A. Butkus, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

experiential learning portion of the fermentationfundamentals previously learned in a classroom lecture. Furthermore, these key discussions mayhelp some students stay fully engaged in the laboratory and gain greater understanding than theyotherwise would sitting and waiting for the wort boil to finish.Periods of downtime during this laboratory are also crucial for individual and group reflection onthe overall fermentation process and how this exercise links to their chosen profession asenvironmental engineers. Students from each group are encouraged to communicate with theother student groups and observe and inquire regarding some of the differences across the varietyof beer flavors and types being brewed, giving them a better appreciation for the

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradley Joseph Priem, Northeastern University; Caroline Ghio, Northeastern University; Hannah Boyce, Northeastern University; Sydney Anne Morris, Northeastern University; Emma Kaeli, Stanford University; Tyler Byrne Cole, Northeastern University; Paul A. DiMilla, Northeastern University; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

likely to be retained [6].Effects of gender on retention and successGender influences patterns of retention and academic success in engineering programs. Inengineering majors, men typically outnumber women, as reflected in a 2017 report whichrevealed only 21.3% of bachelor’s degrees in engineering were earned by women [14]. Despitewomen earning fewer engineering degrees than men, a positive correlation between being femaleand graduation rates has been found [3]. Women frequently have been reported to be more likelythan men to earn a bachelor’s degree once enrolled, regardless of the time frame needed to earnthe degree [15] [16] [17]. The evidence, however, has not been uniform: Lord et al. [18] foundno significant difference in four-year

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Lynn Wade, Northern Arizona University; Karin E. Wadsack, Northern Arizona University School of Earth & Sustainability; Benjamin L. Ruddell, Northern Arizona University; Brent A. Nelson, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

their efforts, which can be difficult both for tenure-track faculty who are evaluated based onresearch publications as well as non-tenure-track faculty with high teaching loads.In reflection of these lessons learned, we plan to continue to implement these projects in classeswherever relevant, including both design- and energy-focused courses, in addition toindependent study and research projects. Continuous project refinement is needed to ensure thatprojects are well-defined and tractable for students. All projects will require regular feedback andinteraction with facilities staff to ensure both project relevance and implementation of projectresults. Finally, the continued pursuit of institutional-level resources will be needed to providethe

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 1 - Current Issues

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi-hsiang Isaac Chang, Illinois State University; Kevin L. Devine, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

provides the essential immersive experiencehas become more affordable [11]. Nevertheless, a review of literature revealed only a few casesof VR-based STEM learning being reported [12]. Different from the game-based learningstrategy [13], [14], learning in immersive VR environments must properly reflect the physicallaws or spatial constraints governing our surrounding in order to imitate the real worldexperience. A typical example is the building activity in the video game Fortnite [15]. While theplayer has to collect material before actual construction can happen, the structures created wereso simplified that they could not exist in the physical world. Video games such as Fortnite do notrequire an immersive environment, as the focus of the games

Conference Session

Active & Cooperative Learning in ECE

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stewart Thomas, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

learner was greatlyincreased while also increasing the amount of time for in-class problem solving. However in thisstudy it is difficult to isolate the effect of the daily quizzes from the change in number of weeklymeetings or increase of time for in-class problem solving. Further the course evaluation dataremains difficult to interpret. In the 2016, only 51% of students enrolled in the course participatedin the final course evaluations and in 2017, only 35% of students completed the evaluations.Because of these low response rates, it is possible that the reported data in this study does notaccurately reflect general student perceptions of the course. More work is need to isolate theeffects of the daily quiz and to study the effect of the various

Conference Session

Environmental Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natasha Andrade, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Dyrenfurth [3]provide a very good review of the terms that are used in scientific literature, which include,among others, nonscientific beliefs, alternative frameworks, p-prims. Though vocabulary maychange, misconceptions (term chosen for this paper) are how people make sense of the worldeven though it does not reflect established scientific knowledge held by experts. Misconceptionsmay also be incorrect categorizations, particularly if one understands concepts as organizingknowledge in categories [7]. In general, misconceptions may arise due to incorrect instruction,but they may also be constructed by everyday interactions and language barriers. It is importantto note here that there is a line of research that understands misconceptions as novice

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Professional Skill Development

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen A. Harper, Ohio State University; Richard J. Freuler, Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

rationale for each form. At the end of the semester, students wereasked to reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of whatever grouping technique was used intheir section. A qualitative analysis of all of these data has led to a description of the experiencefrom the perspective of the students. Further, the trends that emerged from these engineeringstudent descriptions were compared to and contrasted with the benefits described (largely byinstructors) in implementations in mathematics courses elsewhere.Course Background, Description, and SettingThe work described was situated in the first-year engineering honors program [17]. Thisprogram, which has enjoyed a rich history, typically serves between 350 and 450 students peracademic year. Almost all of

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 1: Methods Refresh: Approaches to Data Analysis in Engineering Education Research

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manoj Malviya, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine G.P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

GeneralizedObservation and Reflection Platform (GORP), hosted by UC Davis(https://cee.ucdavis.edu/GORP). While there are limitations to the GORP tool, the advantage ofbeing free, intuitive, and able to be run on a touch screen laptop far outweigh limitations. The dataare captured in real time and outputs as a spreadsheet file, which reads the categories as a functionof time points. The resulting data file can be manipulated in MATLAB or other programs. Table 2: Codebook and Numerical Values Assigned for Data Processing Numerical Level Definition of Level

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lihwa Lin, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

sheltered by the island.NUMERICAL MODELS The USACE Coastal Modeling System (CMS) numerical models (Demirbilek andRosati, 2011) were implemented in the present modeling study. The CMS is a suite ofnumerical wave, current, salinity, and sediment transport models consisting of CMS-Wave and CMS-Flow. CMS-Wave is a finite-difference, two-dimensional steady-statewave spectral transformation model that calculates wave propagation, generation,refraction, diffraction, reflection, transmission, run-up, and wave-current interaction (Linet al. 2008, 2011). CMS-Flow is a finite-difference, time-dependent three-dimensionalcirculation model which also calculates sediment transport, morphology change, salinity,and temperature fields (Buttolph et al. 2006

Conference Session

Technology and Manufacturing

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary J. Mullett, Springfield Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

– Proposed New Courses/Modules for Certificates/AS DegreeIs This Approach a Possible Solution?Shown below in Figure 4. are the basic enabling technologies of IoT applications that exist acrossvarious fields of technology including non-electronics based fields (e.g. smart agriculture, civilengineering, etc.). This figure shows that at the very center of these technologies is a complex,networked, electronic systems. The application itself is reflective of the specific discipline that theIoT application is designed for. An e-healthcare application might be to gather an individual’s vitalsigns in their place of residence and wirelessly transmit them to a central location where they canbe monitored. A smart home might be gathering data about solar panel

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session - Ethics Decision-Making

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Beever, University of Central Florida; Laurie A. Pinkert, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

moraldevelopment that privileges reason (see discussions in Davis and Feinerman [2]; Holsapple et al.[3]; Clarkeburn [4]; Bebeau and Thoma [5]). Moral foundations are described as value-drivenaffects that influence our decisions even before conscious reflection and reasoned decision-making enters the stage. Identifying the roles that such pre-rational individual values play withindisciplinary enculturation is especially crucial to increasing and retaining diverse perspectiveswithin STEM fields, contributing specific insight into why some individuals may not “seethemselves” in the values of their selected disciplines [6], [7]. This institution-specific analysisprovides proof of concept through preliminary data in support of a larger multi

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria A. Scala, United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky P.E., United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

an average of 93% which is an A-. Therefore 77% of the class performed with a B+ orhigher on the project and 44% earned an A on the project. As a whole, student performance onthe group project exceeded performance on exams. As this was a newly developed courseoffered for the first time, student performance proved a positive reflection on the coursedevelopment. Course Performance 10 Quanitty of Students Earning 8 6 4 Grade 2 0 A A- B+ B B- C