Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 4

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Paz Muñoz, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Monica Quezada-Espinoza, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

the School of Engineering at the Universidad Andres Bello in Santiago, Chile, where currently collaborates with the Educational and Academic Inno- vation Unit, UNIDA (for its acronym in Spanish), as an instructor in active learning methodologies. Her research interest topics involve university education in STEM areas, faculty and continuing professional development, research-based methodologies, community engagement projects, evaluation tools and tech- nology, and gender issues in STEM education. https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-0383-0179 ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Remedial courses effectiveness on timely graduation rates and degree progression within construction

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 4

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudia Calle Müller, Florida International University; Mais Kayyali, Florida International University; Mohamed Elzomor, P.E., Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

successful health coaching and wellness business; and 4+ years teaching. Currently, Claudia is a Graduate Research Assistant and Teaching Assistant at the Moss School of Construction, Sustainability, and Infrastructure at FIU where she focuses on multidisciplinary research on sustainability, equity, resilient and sustainable post-disaster reconstruction, engineering education, and well-being.Mais Kayyali, Florida International University Mais Kayyali is the Associate Director of Academic Support Services in the Office of the Dean at Florida International University’s (FIU) College of Engineering and Computing (CEC). In her current role, she oversees all aspects of Graduate Education and Admissions for the schools and

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Rokooei, Mississippi State University; Raheleh Miralami, Mississippi State University; George D. Ford, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

more attention in workforce development programs. Construction and engineering programs in higher education should prepare their graduates with ample knowledge and experience in teamworking skills. While the technical and detailed nature of construction and engineering courses influences the possibility of students working in teams, there is still sufficient flexibility in the classroom to facilitate students’ collaboration in the form of team projects. This paper reports on a study conducted in Fall 2022 to explore teamwork among construction and engineering students. The goal of this study is to investigate various aspects of teamwork as

Conference Session

Student Engagement in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hariharan Naganathan, Wentworth Institute of Technology; John Cribbs Ph.D., Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

spectrum of project stakeholders. He has also taught both undergraduate and graduate level courses in design, construction management and Building Information Modeling at Arizona State University and the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture (Taliesin West). Outside of the classroom, he is engaged with the Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), Massachusetts Chapter’s, Virtual Design and Construction Group. Dr. Cribbs has presented on both the national and international stages discussing topics related to modular and offsite construction techniques, BIM and other data-centric design/construction workflows, pedagogical models for training the future of the construction industry and research specific

Conference Session

Sustainability and Student Health in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudia Calle Müller, Florida International University; Mohamed ElZomor P.E., Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

coaching and wellness business; and 4+ years teaching. Currently, she is a Graduate Research Assistant and Teaching Assistant at the Moss School of Construction, Sustainability, and Infrastructure at FIU where she focuses on multidisciplinary research on sustainability, equity, resilient and sustainable post-disaster reconstruction, engineering education, circular economy, and well-being. Claudia holds professional credentials in LEED Green Associate for sustainable buildings and ENV SP for sustainable infrastructures.Mr. Mohamed ElZomor P.E., Florida International University Dr. Mohamed ElZomor is an Assistant Professor at Florida International University (FIU), College of Engineering and Computing and teaches at the Moss

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Cribbs, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Hariharan Naganathan, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Wright School of Architecture (Taliesin West). Outside of the classroom, he is engaged with the Associated General Con- tractors of America (AGC), Massachusetts Chapter’s, Virtual Design and Construction Group. Dr. Cribbs has presented on both the national and international stages discussing topics related to modular and offsite construction techniques, BIM and other data-centric design/construction workflows, pedagogical models for training the future of the construction industry and research specific findings that are scalable to the industry at large. He is a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Accredited Profes- sional (AP) in the Building Design and Construction (BD+C), Interior Design and

Conference Session

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Case Studies in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

ERIKA JUDITH RIVERA P.E. , Florida International University; Claudia Calle Müller, Florida International University; Rubaya Rahat, Florida International University; Mohamed ElZomor P.E., Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

, Sustainability, and Infrastructure at FIU where she focuses on multidisciplinary research on sustainability, equity, resilient and sustainable post-disaster reconstruction, engineering education, circular economy, and well-being. Claudia holds professional credentials in LEED Green Associate for sustainable buildings and ENV SP for sustainable infrastructures.Miss Rubaya Rahat, Florida International University Rubaya Rahat grew up in Bangladesh, where she pursued her Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). After graduating she worked for two years in a construction management company in Dhaka, Bangladesh. She was involved in various residential and

Conference Session

Project/Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raissa Seichi Marchiori, The University of Alabama; Siyuan Song, The University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Paper ID #42146A Game-Based Learning Method to Promote Soft Skills in Construction EducationRaissa Seichi Marchiori, The University of Alabama Raissa Seichi Marchiori is currently a Graduate Research Assistant (GRA) and a Ph.D. student in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at the University of Alabama. Raissa obtained her bachelor’s degree and an MBA in Civil Engineering in Brazil. Her research topic is in the construction engineering area. Her research interests include implementing Building Information Modeling on construction sites, safety training, workforce development, and

Conference Session

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigael Olatoyosi Oluniyi; Svetlana Olbina, Colorado State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Paper ID #43842Integration of Augmented Reality (AR) in Construction Management (CM)Education: Bibliometric Literature ReviewAbigael Olatoyosi Oluniyi Abigael Oluniyi is a PhD student in the Education Equity and Transformation program with a focus on Construction Management. She works as a Graduate Teaching Assistant for the Plan Reading and Quantity Survey course in the Department of Construction Management at Colorado State University. Abigael’s research focuses on Augmented Reality, Pedagogical Practices and Student Learning Outcomes.Dr. Svetlana Olbina, Colorado State University Dr. Svetlana Olbina is an Associate

Conference Session

Student Engagement in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rubaya Rahat, Florida International University; Mohamed ElZomor P.E., Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

sustainability topics among the participants and enhanced students’ motivation to workfor systemic change. This study underlines the significance of active learning mechanisms thatcan be used in the design of an online learning environment to potentially foster a high level ofstudent engagement. With the increasing participation of students in online courses, it is hopedthat the utilization of these methods will become more prominent in online course delivery totackle the challenges faced in developing and delivering effective online courses.References[1] E. L. Shanley, C. A. Thompson, L. A. Leuchner, and Y. Zhao, “Distance education is as effective as traditional education when teaching food safety,” Food Serv. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1

Conference Session

Broadening Perspectives in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose Manuel Fuentes-Cid; Monica Quezada-Espinoza, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Paper ID #41994Beyond the Classroom: Problem-Based Learning in Real Scenarios, FosteringSelf-Efficacy and Sense of BelongingJose Manuel Fuentes-CidDr. Monica Quezada-Espinoza, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile Monica Quezada-Espinoza is a professor and researcher at the School of Engineering at the Universidad Andres Bello in Santiago, Chile, where currently collaborates with the Educational and Academic Innovation Unit, UNIDA (for its acronym in Spanish), as an instructor in active learning methodologies. Her research interest topics involve university education in STEM areas, faculty and continuing professional development

Conference Session

Broadening Perspectives in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Linares, Florida Gulf Coast University; Diana Marcela Franco Duran, University of Virginia; Kenneth Stafford Sands II, Auburn University; David R. Gutierrez, University of Virginia; Deyrel Diaz, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

construction-related educationalinterventions, a few examples have included specific digital skills or general identification ofdigital skills [6, 7], but no studies has been found of educational interventions for youth in theearly stages of their education, focused on the Construction industry. The TechSpark Immokaleeinitiative seeks to address such issues by developing educational interventions for youth at themiddle school level and to raise awareness of digital skills specifically within the constructionindustry. Therefore, this project focuses on measuring the effectiveness of such interventions.Measuring the effectiveness of similar interventions has followed standard survey procedures [8,9]. As a result, our measuring approach relies on similar

Conference Session

Student Engagement in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly Grau Talley P.E., Texas State University; Bobbi J. Spencer, Texas State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

General Contractors of America (AGC) national survey, 91%of 1,266 construction company’s responses are having difficulty finding enough skilledworkforce to meet their needs [3]. While academia and industry are partnering to increaseeducational and training opportunities to quickly increase the numbers, the quality of output stillneeds to meet the industry standards. Higher education is training students in these standardsand uses early internships to assist students in identifying their preference of industry and theirrole in it. Further, an internship offers the industry eager workers to fill in the gap of theworkforce shortage. As interns are exposed to the needed skills, both technical and soft, that theindustry and their future position

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veto Matthew Ray, Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis; Emily McLaughlin; Brenda Morrow, Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

education institutions. The publication review also providesa basis for this paper by means of reflection and evidence and seeks to draw out strategies forother similar programs that wish to examine their facilities, not only in conjunction with studentand faculty satisfaction but also as it supports everyday function and usefulness correlated toteaching and learning. The ultimate goal is to inspire academic programs in any discipline tocarefully analyze and thoughtfully create academic spaces which support program objectives andthe highest level of education at our respective institutions.Ultimately, it is the authors’ intent to discuss this topic within the framework of a pilot studywhich may serve as a template for others to follow as they

Conference Session

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Case Studies in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Eduardo Abril; Miguel Andres Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ; Sixto Duran Ballen

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Paper ID #44105ChatGPT to Support Critical Thinking in Construction-Management StudentsDaniel Abril CaminoDr. Miguel Andres Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ MiguelAndres is an Assistant Professor in the Polytechnic College of Science and Engineering at Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ. He holds a BS in Civil Engineering from USFQ, a M.Sc. in Civil Engineering in Construction Engineering and Project Management from Iowa State University, a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering with emphasis in Sustainable Construction from Virginia Tech, and two Graduate Certificates from Virginia Tech in Engineering Education and

Conference Session

Sustainability and Student Health in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sepehr Khorshid, The University of Alabama; Raissa Seichi Marchiori, The University of Alabama; Siyuan Song, The University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

materials and programs aimed at enhancing safety in the construction and mining industries.Raissa Seichi Marchiori, The University of Alabama Raissa Seichi Marchiori is currently a Graduate Research Assistant (GRA) and a Ph.D. student in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at the University of Alabama. Raissa obtained her bachelor’s degree and an MBA in Civil Engineering in Brazil. Her research topic is in the construction engineering area. Her research interests include implementing Building Information Modeling on construction sites, safety training, workforce development, and engineering education. Through these research topics, Raissa has been publishing papers for peer-reviewed journal

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 4

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rubaya Rahat, Florida International University; Mohamed Elzomor, P.E., Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

the constructorto contribute to sustainable goals [15]. Another study highlighted that the period in which theconstructor became involved is the major element affecting all performance outcomes insustainable construction [16]. These studies indicated that alternative PDMs which incorporateearly team integration and integrated design are essential for reaching the sustainability goals ofconstruction projects, particularly for infrastructure projects. In order to equip futuresustainability professionals with the proper knowledge and skills for delivering high-performance SI projects, construction education must incorporate topics related to deliverymethods for SI.SI projects with alternative delivery methods that adopt Envision rating system

Conference Session

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Case Studies in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hector Buyones-Gonzalez, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; Monica Quezada-Espinoza, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

), retail, and high-rise building construction—Professor Buyones brings a wealth of practical knowledge to his teaching. His primary research interests are focused on education and innovation in construction, the application of artificial intelligence within the construction industry, and construction management.Dr. Monica Quezada-Espinoza, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile Monica Quezada-Espinoza is a professor and researcher at the School of Engineering at the Universidad Andres Bello in Santiago, Chile, where currently collaborates with the Educational and Academic Innovation Unit, UNIDA (for its acronym in Spanish), as an instructor in active learning methodologies. Her research interest topics involve university

Conference Session

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Case Studies in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Paz Munoz, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; Monica Quezada-Espinoza, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

effectiveness as a link between university education and the job market is considered. (+) “One of the main aspects that the portfolio benefited me in real life was determining the technical study of a project, that is, quantifying, planning, calculating performance and APU, calculating installations, etc. All these factors helped me to develop in my first job after graduation.” (-) “I would like for future generations to have reinforcement in the programming area for a better understanding of the subject and its

Conference Session

Project/Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Eduardo Abril; Miguel Andres Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Paper ID #44113WIP: Using Real Materials Scale-Modeled for Learning about ConstructionDaniel Abril CaminoDr. Miguel Andres Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ MiguelAndres is an Assistant Professor in the Polytechnic College of Science and Engineering at Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ. He holds a BS in Civil Engineering from USFQ, a M.Sc. in Civil Engineering in Construction Engineering and Project Management from Iowa State University, a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering with emphasis in Sustainable Construction from Virginia Tech, and two Graduate Certificates from Virginia Tech in Engineering Education and

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 5

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omkar Gadakh; Luciana Debs, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Education, 2023 Analysis of Qualifications for Entry-Level Positions in Construction ManagementConstruction management graduates must possess a mixture of technical, soft, and technologicalskills in order to fulfill their job responsibilities as a project engineer, estimator, field engineer,etc. at the start of their career. There is a lack of information on the exact skills that are requiredof a recent graduate to occupy these entry-level positions in the construction industry. This studyanalyzed job listings in order to understand most common qualifications expected of graduatesand their most common responsibilities in construction. The researchers qualitatively analyzed agroup of 40 companies that

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raúl Esteban Toscano; Vanessa Guerra, University of Virginia; Miguel Andres Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

high percentage of the final grade for the course and cover various topics [18], due tovarious factors exams generate feelings of stress and anxiety in students [15]. In addition totraditional exams, courses often have additional assessment methods such as projects orpresentations, which have the same purpose as a traditional exam [15].One of the main factors in traditional exams that generate stress is limited time, resulting inlow academic performance [3]. These exams are used because the academic term hasextremely limited time schedules. Although time is a trigger for anxiety, increasing time isnot an idea supported by researchers [19]–[21]. The idea of increasing time or givingunlimited time is not so accepted because excess time causes

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raissa Seichi Marchiori, University of Alabama; Siyuan Song, The University of Alabama; Sepehr Khorshid, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Paper ID #37675Exploring Industry Solutions and Evaluating Teaching Methods forDelivering BIM in Senior Design ClassRaissa Seichi Marchiori, University of Alabama Raissa Seichi Marchiori is currently a Graduate Research Assistant (GRA) and a Ph.D. student in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at the University of Alabama. Raissa obtained her bachelor’s degree and an MBA in Civil Engineering in Brazil. Her research topic is in the construction engineering area. Her research interests include implementing Building Information Mod- eling on construction sites, safety training, workforce

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Souhail Elhouar, P.E., Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

. The results of the survey are presentedthroughout the paper and a list of topics for the adequate coverage of structural concepts toconstruction management students is proposed.Keywords: structural, design, concepts, teaching, construction, managementIntroduction and review of literatureConstruction Management is a multidisciplinary profession that requires its adherents to possesscompetences in a variety of subjects. The American Council for Construction Education(ACCE) stipulates in its most recent accreditation standard [1] that, by the time they graduate,students seeking a construction management degree must attain the seventeen Student LearningOutcomes (SLO’s) shown in Table 1, which are being shown in their totality here to provide

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Okere, University of Cincinnati; Chris Souder, M.S.

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

Paper ID #36836An Approach in Designing and Teaching Hands-on and ImmersiveConstruction Cost Estimating CourseDr. George Okere, University of Cincinnati George is an associate professor educator, and heavy highway chair (endowed position) in the Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management Department in the College of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Cincinnati (UC). George has over 23 years of construction indus- try work experience, and 11.5 years of which was with Kiewit, where he worked on various heavy civil projects. He received his PhD in Technology Management from Indiana State

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Okere, University of Cincinnati; Raymond Paul Giroux Dist.M.ASCE, NAC, Purdue University, West Lafayette

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Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

’ understanding of the topical areas will be evaluated using quizzes, homework, exams, and mini-research projects. The exams will focus on concepts covered in the course. The homework will includeexercises on developing a cost estimate and work schedule for a retaining wall contract change order,creating flowcharts for mapping contract provisions, evaluation and assessment of project risks, andmapping documentation needs for various contract changes. The mini-research project will require thestudents to analyze the number and value of change orders from design-bid-build projects as compared todesign-build projects.No one textbook could synthesize all the topics covered in this course and none is recommended for thiscourse. Researchers and educators are

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veto Matthew Ray, Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis; Brenda Morrow, Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

students in a flipped classroom demonstrated an increased desire to interact withtheir peers, explain concepts, and learn from each other, providing “more opportunities forcollaboration and problem-solving” while increasing student communication skills.Incorporating active learning strategies has shown positive results in engaging students andstrengthening knowledge and higher levels of achievement. Today’s millennial students havegrown up with technology and process information differently than past generations. Prensky[10] discusses the millennial as “digital natives” and how they have access to information at theirfingertips preferring to learn in an active and collaborative environment. Educators need to movefrom “rote memorization of

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 5

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cassandra Puletapuai, Colorado State University; Daniel Birmingham, Colorado State University; Rodolfo Valdes-Vasquez, Colorado State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

and opportunity in STEM education.Dr. Rodolfo Valdes-Vasquez, Colorado State University Dr. Rodolfo Valdes-Vasquez is an Associate Professor and Graduate Program Coordinator in the Depart- ment of Construction Management at Colorado State University. His research, teaching, and engagement align with sustainable design and construction topics. He has received grant funding from federal and state agencies and private organizations. Rodolfo has taught multiple courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels, and he is well-versed in the scholarship of teaching. His efforts in leading the Sustainable Buildings program were recognized with the 2019 Award for Excellence in Education Abroad Curriculum Design. He has also

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mostafa Batouli, The Citadel; Rebekah Burke, P.E., Pennsylvania State University; Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Nahid Vesali, P.E., Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

accreditationis widely recognized as a symbol of excellence in engineering and technology programs, both nationallyand internationally. This recognition can be beneficial for graduates of accredited programs, especially interms of professional mobility. For instance, engineers who relocate to a different state or country mayTable 1: The six phases of developing the new BS in Construction Engineering at The Citadel Need Conceptualization Planning Design Implementation Evaluation & Identification Accreditation• Market • Identify Goals of • Resource • Curriculum • Student • AnnualResearch the Educational