Conference Session

Accreditation Issues

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Van Treuren, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

2000 outcomes are necessary for consideration in amechanical engineering program, few faculty have considered the assessment of the more difficultoutcomes concerning life-long learning, contemporary issues, and the impact of engineering in theglobal and societal context. This paper outlined the use of PowerPoint presentations on heat transfertopics chosen by the students to satisfy these outcomes. Students demonstrated life-long learningskills by selecting a topic and then doing the appropriate research. The variety of topics touched oncontemporary issues and also showed heat transfer in a global and societal context. The studentreaction to the presentations show that even something as simple as a five minute PowerPointpresentation can have a

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio; Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

driven by increasing undergraduate enrollments, decreasing numberof faculty due to budget constraints, and increasing focus on achieving or improving the “tier-1”research status of the University. The quality of the teaching performed by adjuncts varies justlike that for full-time faculty. There is often the perception that adjuncts are more eager toplease students, and one easy way to please students is to issue high grades. This is easy tounderstand since end-of-semester student surveys are often the sole mechanism by whichadjuncts are evaluated. If their evaluation scores are perceived as being low, they may not beinvited back to teach next semester

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert G. Ryan, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

list, and a detailed schedule for manufacturing and testing (which occursin the second semester). All of the performance criteria, except for “Adherence to Time Limit”,were included in the review. The most striking difference from the PDR scores is a significantincrease in the “Budget/Schedule” rating, possibly due to feedback given during the PDR, butjust as likely due to more available information as design choices were finalized and more quotesfor equipment and materials were obtained. The “Goals/Criteria” rating is still low, for the samereasons as noted above with respect to the PDR ratings. The “Analysis” rating is respectable,although there are always a lot of faculty questions on issues related to analysis during the Q/Asession, which

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Smith, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

(which actually begins in the junior year) will involve M.E. and E.E. majors working together. This concept is pedagogically sound in that the principles of design are not discipline-specific. Moreover, this better mirrors the normal practice in the profession where engineers from different disciplines work on design teams and learn to use each others expertise. It has the additional effort that it encourages faculty from both disciplines to work together.Local industry contributed substantial monies to construct and equip a mechanicalengineering laboratory. Permission to offer the new curriculum was given by the Boardof Trustees in January 2006. Because of the aforementioned concerns about duplicationand also

Conference Session

Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Instruction

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Mueller, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

-Purdue University FortWayne (IPFW) in order to address several issues. First, mechanical engineering students atIPFW have expressed a desire for technical electives of a more practical nature. Most of thetechnical electives offered at IPFW are more traditional courses such as Intermediate HeatTransfer, Vibrations, and the Finite Element Method—this new technical elective allows tostudents to apply material learned in other courses to more realistic engineering situations, ofteninvolving engineering systems. Second, in 2004, the mechanical engineering students'performance in the areas of engineering economics and energy conversion on the Fundamentalsof Engineering (FE) Exam was slightly below the national average. As part of the

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University; Peter Baumann, Central Connecticut State University; Alfred Gates, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

a short-term mechanism for a long-term goal, therefore it is plannedto use several data collection long-term mechanisms to assess the performance of our students inthe first 4 or 5 years of their engineering career. A biannual alumni survey will be used to collectdata from graduates after two years, and four years of their employment. An employer surveywill also be used in conjunction with Alumni surveys. Both surveys will have a provision forsuggestions, comments, and concerns that students and employers might have. The IndustrialAdvisory Board, faculty focus groups will close the loop and make the necessaryrecommendations to correct any deficiencies

Conference Session

Statics and Dynamics in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Maria J. Gerschutz, Trine University; David A. Evenhouse, Purdue University; Nimit Patel, National Science Foundation; Edward J. Berger, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nick Stites, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Craig Zywicki, Purdue University, West Lafayette; David B. Nelson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Charles Morton Krousgrill, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jeffrey F. Rhoads, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

come to depend on proved to be inadequate whentransitioning to an entirely new instructional environment.We noted a sense of tension and uncertainty around exams, as mentioned earlier, but also aroundquizzes: “Since I typically do not give quizzes in my courses, I am working through this issue tofind a balance.” (Week 8), again emphasizing the instructor’s concern over assessment. Thisimposition seems to have led to feelings of uncertainty about what areas or aspects of the courseshe had the freedom to modify. However, it should be acknowledged that this lack of autonomymay have been exacerbated by the presence of this research study, as the instructor may have feltadditional pressure to adhere to the Freeform framework in order to avoid

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Assessment and Accreditation: Making the Grade!

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Vallorie Peridier, Temple University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

experimentation, analyze and interpret data, and use engineering judgement to draw conclusions. 7. An ability to acquire and apply new knowledge as needed, using appropriate learning strategies.Engineering students who gain genuine facility in the above seven competencies will likely haveimpactful subsequent careers. Consequently a Program’s commitment to systematically fosterstudent attainment in SO 1-7 is a worthy enterprise.2. Create seven SO oversight committees, one for each ABET SO.The foundational component of our Program’s CI regimen is its seven standing SO 1-7 oversightcommittees (SO-1, SO-2,…SO-7). Each committee consists of three or four faculty members,and each committee has oversight responsibility for the SO in its purview

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: The Remote World

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brooke-Lynn Caprice Andrade, Boise State University; Krishna Pakala, Boise State University; Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Douglas Hagemeier, Boise State University; Harish Subbaraman, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

inaugural Faculty Associate for Mobile Learning. He has a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Wyoming (Laramie, Wyoming). He has approximately 25 publications/presentations. He is a member of the American Society for Engineer- ing Education (ASEE). He is the recipient of David S. Taylor Service to Students Award and Golden Apple Award from Boise State University. He is also the recipient of ASEE Pacific Northwest Section (PNW) Outstanding Teaching Award, ASEE Mechanical Engineering division’s Outstanding New Edu- cator Award and several course design awards. He serves as the campus representative (ASEE) for Boise State University and as the Chair-Elect for the ASEE PNW Section. His academic research

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanical Systems: What's New

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashok Kumar Manoharan, Auburn University; P.K. Raju, Auburn University; Chetan Sankar, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

experimental and controlgroups were to work effectively in teams, communicate engineering concepts succinctly andclearly, improve engineering design skills, use safety and standards concerns in engineering Page 15.1307.10design, be aware of business issues in designing products and systems, and integrate math andscience principles in solving engineering problems. In both sections, lectures and a designproject were used. In addition, in the experimental section, three case studies, Della Steam Plant,Challenger STS 51-L, and Lorn Manufacturing, were used. A summary of these case studies isgiven in the Experimental Design section above. Lab sessions were

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Anderson, United States Air Force Academy; Matthew Snyder, United States Air Force Academy; Michael Maixner, United States Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. Page 14.560.3As a compromise, the course was offered for zero credits, and no outside work was required ofthe students. The result is an innovative new course that reminds students, faculty and staff howmuch fun engineering is.Description of the CourseUndergraduate courses in manufacturing processes are somewhat common, and have been welldocumented in the literature2-5. Most of these courses focus exclusively on manufacturing skillsand go into great detail on a variety of manufacturing processes while providing equipmenttraining. Engineering tools seminar was initially envisioned as such a course; however, as thecourse was developed we recognized an opportunity to create a learning experience thataddressed several shortcomings in engineering

Conference Session

New Teaching Pedagogies: Methods and Assessments

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan B. Swithenbank, US Coast Guard Academy; Thomas William DeNucci, U.S. Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics

both faculty and students,we decided to implement this new model in a tightly controlled manner. For this initial study,only six topics of twenty were selected for presentation in the flipped classroom paradigm. Whenlooking at our syllabus, we identified core topics in the Newtonian dynamics class which we hadhistorically taught over multiple lecture periods. We wanted to choose topics that had more thanone day on the topic so that we could cover theory on the first day on the topic using a traditionallecture style. We then used the follow on days to video tape examples and have the studentswatch them as homework, and we used the lecture time for the students to work problems. Thesix topics were spread throughout the semester, with the first

Conference Session

New Teaching Pedagogies: Methods and Assessments

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin W. Caldwell, LeTourneau University; Colleen M. Halupa, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics

kinds of courses until the last few years. In addition, there is a definitive lack ofengineering faculty who know how to teach online because it has not been done in the past.Teaching online, especially in a technical field such as engineering, is much different thanteaching in the face-to-face classroom.Lachiver & Tardif in 2002 noted during the 1990s that engineering education went throughsignificant changes to meet the needs of the industry. At the beginning of the 21st century,Lachiver & Tarif called for innovative changes in engineering education. However, thesechanges impacted only face-to-face classrooms because this was the way almost all engineeringcourses were being offered at this time. The key changes Lachiver and Tarif

Conference Session

New Teaching Pedagogies: Methods and Assessments

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James V. Canino, Trine University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

study, results indicate that there was no difference between theeducational performance of these two groups on either computational or conceptual tasks asindicated by their exam scores. However, students in the flipped classroom did state that theyenjoyed the flipped classroom model and wished that more faculty members used this method.IntroductionThe flipped classroom, or inverted classroom, pedagogy has been one of the most widelyresearched pedagogies in the last few years. A search in the ASEE paper database revealshundreds of papers on the flipped classroom. Bishop and Verleger1 provide a summary of someof the important results from the literature up to 2012. While many studies indicate that theflipped classroom model yields better students

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Team/Project-based Pedagogy and Approaches

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alexander Bryan Bailey, Alfred State College; Trevor S. Michelson, State University of New York, Alfred State; Reza Rashidi, State University of New York, Alfred State

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Michelson, SUNY Alfred State CollegeProf. Reza Rashidi, State University of New York, Alfred State Reza Rashidi is an Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering Technology and a faculty affiliate in Mi- cro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory at State University of New York, Alfred State College. He received his Ph.D degree in Mechanical Engineering (MEMS development) from the University of British Columbia in 2010 and completed his Postdoctoral Fellowship in Development of Biomedical Sensing Devices in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of British Columbia in 2011. He also received a minor degree in Engineering Management and Entrepreneurship from the University of British Columbia in

Conference Session

Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ioana Voiculescu, City College of the City University of New York; Benjamin Liaw, City College of the City University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

member, an ASME member and a reviewer for IEEE Sensors Journal in 2004, 2005 and 2006.Benjamin Liaw, City College of the City University of New York Professor Benjamin Liaw received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Washington in 1983. After a year of post-doctoral research study at University of Washington, he joined the faculty of CCNY in 1984, where he is a Full Professor at Department of Mechanical Engineering. During 2000-2002 he was also appointed Acting Associate Dean for Undergraduate Studies, School of Engineering. His interests include (1) the design, analysis, manufacturing and testing of composites and smart materials, and (2) improving engineering education through innovative

Conference Session

Meeting ABET Requirements

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

produced a variety ofinteresting results, especially the similarity of concerns from both faculty and student alike.Since the surveys focused on the need for specifics and not the general attitude that “engineerscan’t communicate, it was important to gain insights about where the actual concerns lay.The principal areas of concern for both groups were the issues of grammar, punctuation, andspelling. These concerns were followed closely by lack of organization skills, unclearexpression of ideas, poor verbal skills, difficulty with writing introductions and conclusions, andweak logic. The rankings for each group were as follows:Faculty StudentsGrammar GrammarVerbal skills

Conference Session

Student Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Wroblewski, Boston University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

on the integration of these concepts intoa working system. The course will include an introduction to systems analysis and the usesimulation tools. By having students in the course formulate and develop new activities forintroductory core courses, the process can be, to some degree, self-sustaining. This may be along-term solution to the concerns raised on the survey regarding the small number of CATsactivities in many courses.Sustainability of effort beyond the two years of project funding is an important issue for thefuture robustness of CATs activities. A three-pronged approach is planned to address this issue. 1. Institutionalize CATS through the ME department undergraduate committee: To date, the topic of CATs was a standing

Conference Session

Improving ME Education: Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Whiteman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Brian Mathews, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

enters the decisioncycle of all new distance learning faculty members. Since classes are captured and available tothe distance learning students, I needed to make the decision whether those same distancelearning class resources should be made available to my on-campus students.My fear was that the on-campus students would stop attending class in favor of viewing theonline lectures. My original decision was not to give my on-campus students access to thedistance learning lectures. Early in the course, I communicated my concern of non-attendance tothe on-campus population and emphasized my opinion that teaching and learning is a“participation sport” that is significantly enhanced by in-class interaction.However, I reversed this original decision

Conference Session

Why Industry Says that our Engineering Students Cannot Write

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Conrad, Portland State University; Timothy James Pfeiffer P.E., Foundation Engineering, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Mechanical Engineering

be confused or do the wrong thing.” Overall, then, it appears to us thatone way engineering education is failing students in preparing them for workplace writing is ingiving them the impression that the writing and engineering content are not inextricable linked.The tie between their writing and the financial and legal consequences of engineering workseems to be even less familiar to students. Often, when the issue of liability is raised, faculty,students, and people outside of engineering express an expectation that liability concerns have anegative effect on writing; they assume it causes writers to use “weasel words,” as many peoplecall them. In contrast, in this study we are finding that concerns about liability lead practitionersto

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angkee Sripakagorn, Chulalongkorn University; Kuntinee Maneeratana, Chulalongkorn University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

framework, two things are placed between –grading rules and the examination panel. The grading rules are changed to directly represent thecourse outcomes and equally rely on the examination panel as well as the advisor. Theexamination panel consists of volunteered faculty members. They were recruited as earlyadopters of the ideas and involved in the setup of the new framework. Many panel members arecloser to students than the committee and better understand students’ concerns about thisframework. Through regular communication with the administrative committee, the examinationpanel provides valuable feedback to the committee regarding this new framework. In return,some of the panel members who are project advisors get the intimate knowledge of

Conference Session

Perspectives on Degree Completion and Graduate School Application

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio; Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio; Lynn L. Peterson, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

beliefs of students concerning their progress toward graduation, especiallytheir thoughts on impediments to their earning an engineering degree in 4 years. A survey wasconducted in the earlier study to assess the UTSA mechanical engineering students’ perception of thereasons for the delays in their graduation. The results of that study were reported earlier13. Thesurvey questionnaire was modified in this study to obtain more realistic feedback from students. Inaddition to mechanical engineering students at UTSA, students from other disciplines enrolled inboth UTSA and UTA also participated in the new survey. Questions used in the new survey arepresented in Table 3.The new survey was conducted in spring semester 2015 in capstone design courses or

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Curriculum and Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shelby Ann McNeilly, Boise State University; Krishna Pakala, Boise State University; Donald Plumlee P.E., Boise State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

change: richer practice-based experience, stronger professional skills, moreflexible curricula, greater innovation and creativity, technical specialization, and new balance offaculty skills [5]. This proposal, while not the only one of its kind, does quite well at effectivelysummarizing the present issues surrounding collegiate level mechanical engineering education.Boise State University’s (BSU’s) Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering (MBE) Departmentrecognized that their arising curriculum concerns aligned with those described by ASME’sVision 2030 and used the initiative and its suggestions as a starting point to revolutionize theirown mechanical engineering program.In August of 2017, BSU’s MBE Department held an annual faculty (including

Conference Session

Improving ME education: Broad Topics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University; Andrew Davol, California Polytechnic State University; Joseph Mello, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

' experience with FormulaSAE, SAE Mini Baja, and ASME's Human Powered Vehicle competitions.Responsibility for making the most effective educational use of a design competition is sharedbetween the students, the faculty advisor, and the competition organizers. Design competitionsbuild student enthusiasm; however, there are some things they learn that we may not want to beteaching. Some of the educational shortcomings of these activities are highlighted, withsuggestions on how to manage them. In particular, this article focuses on the risks of (a)distraction from classes, (b) a build-and-test approach, (c) advisor co-opted designs, and (d)design changes for their own sake. The influence of the advisor and the competition rules oneach of these concerns

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy C. Bradshaw, University of Oklahoma; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Patricia Lea Hardre, University of Oklahoma; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

performanceorientation, they tend not to take risks or try new things, because to do so might make them lookstupid or incompetent. People with a performance orientation tend to be much more concernedwith grades than with whether or not they learned anything. They may avoid seeking assistanceor working with a tutor, even if help is needed. Performance orientation can affect faculty as well Page 22.681.11as students. Faculty might be overly concerned that they not appear stupid or incompetent around 10  other faculty or administrators, and even their own students. There appears to be a connectionbetween performance orientation and lower order cognition

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 11

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley C. Huderson, ASME; Aisha Kenya Lawrey, ASME; Thomas Perry P.E.; Kenneth R. Balkey P.E., ASME

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Paper ID #26862Industry Standards Infusion throughout Mechanical Engineering and Me-chanical Engineering Technology Degree ProgramsDr. Ashley C. Huderson, ASME Dr. Ashley Huderson is a native of New Orleans, LA, and completed her undergraduate training at Spel- man College (2006), a certificate in Health Policy (2012) and doctoral work at Meharry Medical College (2013). A culmination of personal and academic interest in health policy, prompted her to seek out and accept a post-doctoral fellowship position at Georgetown University Lombardi Cancer Center’s Office of Health Disparities and Minority Research (2015). During her

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: The Art of Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Eleazar Marquez, Rice University; Samuel Garcia Jr., Texas State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

characterized by subjective, consciously perceived feelings of tension [16],[17]. In a study conducted at Cornell University, Schneider reported that 62% of engineeringstudents experienced anxiety over grades due to difficulty of the curriculum, prolonged studyhours, non-encouraging faculty, cultural and minority issues, expectation, and financial hardship[13], [14], [15], [18]. Numerous research efforts have simultaneously centralized on assessing testanxiety due to its relationship with performance measures [19]. Hembree, for instance, reportedthat high levels of test anxiety are negatively correlated with various cognitive components suchas IQ, problem solving, memory, aptitude, and grades [20]. These cognitive components have beenidentified by

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio; Amir Karimi P.E., University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

based on student feedback. Commonmistakes made by new instructors include: (1) failing to adhere to University/College/Departmentdeadlines and requirements, (2) being too quick to say yes to student requests, (3) failing to seekguidance from faculty who taught the course previously, (4) being either an excessively lenient orharsh grader, (5) not knowing what to do when a problem arises (such as cheating). Feedbackfrom workshop attendees is summarized to document the perceived benefits of the new teacherworkshop.Introduction:In the past 10 years there has been significant growth in undergraduate student enrollment inmechanical engineering yet there has not been the same rate of growth in tenured and tenure-trackfaculty who teach undergraduate

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Vuksanovich, Youngstown State University; Darrell Wallace, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

to the student’s understanding of current methods andequipment used in industry at the time.It was noticed that a larger percentage of faculty had little or no industrial experience whencompared to previous years. More faculty were hired directly out of university programs, and theones that were from industry had less experience and far less responsible roles. This isparticularly bad for a discipline that is primarily concerned with the application of the conceptstaught in class.Academia, as a whole, has shifted towards research oriented programs. Many believe thatworking on basic research will help bring about innovation. The issue here is that in the majorityof the cases, the research revolves around many premises that are not practical or

Conference Session

How We Tackled the Pandemic

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ulises Juan Trujillo Garcia, Boise State University; Krishna Pakala, Boise State University; Samantha Schauer, Boise State University; Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Bhaskar Chittoori P.E., Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

: 32.6% statedless engagement, 12.8% less communication between classmates and faculty, 9.3% moreresponsibilities, and the rest stated to be unsure, students were happy with the online classes, andconnection and technology issues. The following direct quotes from faculty exemplified howstudents were less engaged and struggled with more outside problems:"Students were suddenly required to self-manage their time and were expected to succeed usingresources that were not reliable. This included internet access, home printers/computers andblackboard knowledge.""They managed well, but the external stresses (family member concerns, etc.) were a bigproblem.""Less enjoyment, less engagement, less participation, more disconnection from other students,more