Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dawn Williams, Howard University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Marcus Jones, Howard University; Ashley Griffin, Howard University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2007-1182: COMPETITION, CONFIDENCE AND CHALLENGES IN THEENGINEERING CLASSROOM: AMERICAN AND INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSSPEAK OUTDawn Williams, Howard University DAWN G. WILLIAMS is an Assistant Professor and Master's Program Coordinator in the Department of Educational Administration and Policy at Howard University. Dr. Williams serves as a faculty researcher for the Center for Advancement of Engineering Education. She is also the Co-Principal Investigator of an NSF grant designed to study the post baccalaureate decisions of high achieving Black STEM students. Her primary research interests lie in K-12 educational policies targeted for urban school reform.Lorraine Fleming, Howard University

Conference Session

Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Foroudastan, Middle Tennessee State University; michael anderton, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-1794: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH AND CREATIVE ACTIVITY ATMIDDLE TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITYSaeed Foroudastan, Middle Tennessee State University Dr. Saeed D. Foroudastan is the Associate Dean of the College of Basic and Applied Sciences and Professor of Engineering technology at Middle Tennessee State University. He received his B.S. in Civil Engineering (1980), his M.S. in Civil Engineering (1982), and his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering (1987) from Tennessee Technological University. Professor Foroudastan's employment vitae includes: Assistant professor of Mechanical Engineering for Tennessee Technological University, Senior Engineer, Advanced Development Department, Textron

Conference Session

Implementing Active Learning in Mechanical Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael W Martin, Northern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

STEM disciplines. This initiative is driven by the receipt of anNSF grant titled “Increasing adoption of active learning in STEM disciplines by integrating afaculty development program and a technology-facilitated learning environment”. Six faculty inthe STEM disciplines from across campus and one staff member from the IT department were Page 23.706.2involved in this effort. The author is the representative from the Engineering TechnologyDepartment. A high technology room to facilitate the active learning concept was constructed,and the class was taught in this room (see Figure 1 below). This room has 8 round tables thatcan seat 8 people

Conference Session

Engineering Management In The Classroom

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Specking, University of Arkansas; Kathryn D. Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology (SES); Kim LaScola Needy, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Economic Analysis; in journals such as the Engineering Management Journal and the Journal of Engineering Education; and several conference proceedings. She is a member of several professional societies including ASEE, ASEM, ASME, and EMH.Dr. Kim LaScola Needy, University of Arkansas Kim LaScola Needy is Department Chair and 21st Century Professor of Industrial Engineering at the University of Arkansas. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees in Industrial Engineering from the Uni- versity of Pittsburgh, and her Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from Wichita State University. Prior to her academic appointment, she gained industrial experience while working at PPG Industries and The Boe- ing Company. Her first faculty

Conference Session

EM Skills and Concepts in the Real World

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Charles Thompson

Education"formal final report. Each student is also required to make at least one oral presentation of theresearch design.The course is offered two or three times a year with class sizes ranging from about 15 to 50, andthe students are primarily juniors with a few seniors. Course loads currently limit the class todepartmental majors, and many of them use the skills they develop in this course in seniorcapstone project courses and some in independent study involving honors projects or otherresearch under the guidance of a faculty member. Over the years the course has slowly evolvedwith two major changes: first, providing more help and guidance in choosing a project withoutsubstituting the instructor's preferences in subject matter; second

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Yao, East Carolina University; Loren Limberis, East Carolina University; Steve Warren, Kansas State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Engineers (IEEE).Dr. Loren Limberis, East Carolina University Loren Limberis joined the engineering faculty at ECU in Aug. 2006. He earned his B.S. in electrical engineering and Ph.D. in bioengineering from the University of Utah. Limberis taught for several years as an Assistant Professor at the College of New Jersey and was a Research Analyst with Southwest Research Institute prior to his academic career. His research interests focus on designing techniques to utilize nature’s highly complex and sophisticated biological systems to develop biohybrid devices for use in biotechnology applications.Dr. Steve Warren, Kansas State University Steve Warren received a B.S. and M.S. in electrical engineering from Kansas State

Conference Session

Innovations in Pedagogy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Casey Jane Ankeny PhD, Arizona State University; Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

7. Mosteller, F. Broadening the Scope of Statistics and Statistical Education Broadening the Scope of Statistics and Statistical Education. Am. Stat. 42, 93–99 (1988).8. Cross, K. P. & Angelo, T. Classroom Assessment Techniques: A Handbook for Faculty. 1–168 (Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1988).9. Smith, K. A., Sheppard, S. D., Johnson, D. W. & Johnson, R. T. Pedagogies of engagement: Classroom- based practices. J. Eng. Educ. 94, 87–101 (2005).10. Carberry, A., Waters, C., Krause, S. & Ankeny, C. “Unmuddying” Course Content Using Muddiest Point Reflections. Front. Educ. Oct 23-26, 937 – 942 (2013).11. Garmendia Mujika, M., Garikano Osinaga, X., Sierra Uria, E. & Perez Manso, A. Developing Teamwork

Conference Session

Computing in the First Year

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan Eleanor Ita, Ohio State University ; Krista M. Kecskemety, Ohio State University; Katlyn Elizabeth Ashley, Ohio State University; Brooke Morin, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

-year engineering student experiences, faculty experiences, and the connection between the two.Katlyn Elizabeth Ashley, Ohio State University Katlyn Ashley is a student currently pursuing a B.S. in Chemical Engineering at The Ohio State Univer- sity. Katlyn is also an Undergraduate Teaching Assistant in the Engineering Education Innovation Center at Ohio State, which prompted her research interests in first-year engineering education.Brooke Morin, Ohio State University Page 24.297.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Comparing Student Performance on Computer

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching and Outreach

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Sheldon Jeter

. In the finalcalculation, only two digits are retained since two is the maximum reasonable number ofsignificant digits in any uncertainty. The presentation will now digress to present the background and design of anExcel User Form developed for convenient calculation of the influence coefficientsneeded in Uncertainty B calculations. Then the Uncertainty B calculations will bepresented and the uncertainty analysis will be completed.A USER FORM FOR INFLUENCE COEFFICIENTS A glance at Equation (10) is convincing that in this, as in any modestlychallenging situation, analytical calculation of the influence coefficients in practicalapplications can be difficult. Indeed, the derivatives are sometimes so difficult or time-consuming that

Conference Session

Innovative Ideas for Energy Labs

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Jessica Moffitt; Jennifer van Rij; Jeffrey Wolchok

supported theestablishment of a multidisciplinary graduate training program of education and research onextremely small scale thermal-fluid systems. The applications of extremely small scale thermal-and fluid-systems are expanding exponentially, including: silicon microfabrication technologybased turbines; microscale heat exchangers for cooling high-power electronics, and micro- andnano- scale chemical and biological analyses systems. The objective of this program is to createthe first integrated, multidisciplinary educational program in extremely small scale thermal-fluidsystems. An interdisciplinary faculty will provide a comprehensive education and researchtraining program, including six new, specialized courses and integrated research

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Wesley Bliven; Elizabeth Eschenbach

Work coursewebsite4 and the book The New Way Things Work by David Macaulay5. The course websiteprovides links to addition resources including the animation that were viewed during class. Inaddition to increasing teacher content knowledge and confidence with physical science,participants become more familiar with the California Science Standards.The course is designed to engage the teachers to be active learners to develop theirunderstanding, confidence and enthusiasm for science. The course approach is to avoid lecturingand focus on hands-on activities and investigations of fundamental physical principles.Electricity and Magnetism Module6This portion of the How Things Work class concentrates on developing teachers’understanding of electricity

Conference Session

Outreach and Freshman Programs

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Nadia Craig; Michelle Maher; Walter Peters

mechanical engineering. She is a recipient of the National Science Foundation’s Graduate ResearchFellowship. Last year she also taught in a 3rd grade science and mathematics class through the National ScienceFoundation’s GK-12 fellowship program.MICHELLE MAHER is Assistant Professor of Higher Education Administration. Her research interests includeundergraduate student development, the use of technology in educational settings, and educational researchmethodology.WALLY PETERS is Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Director of the Laboratory for Sustainable Solutions,and Faculty Associate in the School of the Environment. His research interests include sustainable design, industrialecology, complex systems, and environmental/Earth ethics

Conference Session

Arduinos, Microcontrollers, Inexpensive Robotics, and Other Tech Bytes

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arthur F. Garcia Jr. P.E., Palm Beach State College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

London, England. During that year, Garcia had been approached by other companies interested in acquiring GCI Information Services, which led to his selling the company by the end of the year. The acquisition of his company was completed in Jan. 2000, and Garcia retired shortly afterwards. Prior to starting his own business, Garcia had 20 years of engineering experience. He initially worked for the U.S. Department of the Navy upon graduating from college in 1966 and into the 1970s. He wrote extensively on many technical topics and developed a number of computer programs (in Fortran and Basic languages) for designing various mechanical systems for ship propulsion systems and other special mechanical systems, as well

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hong Man, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

AC 2012-4831: UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLASS-ROOM LEARNING AND ONLINE LEARNING ON MEDICAL IMAGINGWITH COMPUTER LAB EXERCISESProf. Hong Man, Stevens Institute of Technology Hong Man joined the faculty of electrical and computer engineering at Stevens in Jan. 2000. He re- ceived his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Dec. 1999. Man is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of ECE. He is serving as the Director of the undergraduate Computer Engineering program, and the Director of the Visual Information Environment Laboratory at Stevens. His research interests have been in image and video processing, medical imaging, data analysis and pattern

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer R Amos, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Yael Gertner, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Juan Alvarez, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Benjamin Cosman, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

-Champaign Dr Gertner joined the Computer Science Department at the University of Illinois in 2020 as a Teaching Assistant Professor. She received her B.S. and MEng in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from MIT, and Ph.D. in Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania. She was a Beckman Fellow at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her current focus is on broadening participation in Computer Science and Computer Science Education She has been developing materials and teaching for iCAN, a new program for broadening participation in CS for students who have a bachelor’s degree in a field other than computer science.Juan Alvarez, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Juan

Conference Session

Modern Teaching Strategies in Engineering

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hoo Kim, LeTourneau University; Neil Rogers, United States Air Force Academy; George York, United States Air Force Academy; Paul R. Leiffer, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

Director of the Academy Center for UAS Research.Dr. Paul R. Leiffer, LeTourneau University Paul R. Leiffer, Ph.D., is an emeritus professor in the School of Engineering and Engineering Technology at LeTourneau University. He previously served as Chairman of the Engineering Department and was co-developer of LeTourneau’s program in Biomedical Engineering. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024Enhanced Learning by Visualization applying Embedded Hands-On inElectromagnetics ClassIntroductionThis paper examines enhanced learning through visualization and hands-on experience in theElectromagnetics course in the ECE curriculum. Learners often encounter difficulties inconnecting one class to another

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 14

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory Lam, University of Washington; Denise Wilson, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

forengineers continues to rise [8] while a significant number of engineering undergraduates still failto complete their degree [9]. Since engagement can be measured on a short timescale (e.g., on aterm-by-term basis), engagement measures provide an accessible antecedent to retention,persistence, and other academic and career outcomes that are limited to longer timescales.In addition to engagement acting as a precursory investigable variable, the multifaceteddefinition of student engagement allows for flexibility in studying non-academic outcomes.Research indicates that delving into student engagement in the classroom may bring aboutintangible benefits in student identity, such as interpersonal development [10], [11] and anincreased receptiveness to

Collection

2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Heath A. Schluterman; Aysa L. Galbraith; Leslie B. Massey

is that the Precal-Alg students were retained at a higher rate than thePrecal students. While these students came to the university with lower ACT scores that qualifiedthem for College Algebra, they took the math placement test to become eligible for Precalculus.We believe that studying and passing a rigorous math test helped develop stronger math skillsand perhaps improved study and time management skills for this group of students.Student Progression through Other Required Prerequisite CoursesWe aimed to measure facilitated timely progression by evaluating success in Calculus I, CalculusII, and Physics I, as these courses are prerequisites for most sophomore-level engineeringcourses. Figures 2 - 4 present data for the 430 students who

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barry M. Lunt, Brigham Young University; Mudasser Fraz Wyne, National University; David A Wood, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

211 51,438 7.68 EducationEducational Methods, Pedagogy, and 71 99 70,152 3.35 Curriculum DevelopmentEducational Data Analysis, Learning 69 127 38,364 -10.22 Analytics, and Research MethodsProfessional Skills, Career Development, 67 119 39,956 -8.98 and Industry EngagementComputer Science, IT, and Cybersecurity 61 97 26,338 -16.69 EducationRemote, Online, and Novel Educational 50 121 26,108 -3.17 EnvironmentsEthics, Professional Responsibility, and 41 58 17,374 -12.75 Social

Collection

2013 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Madhulika Srikanth; Abu S. Asaduzzaman; Ramazan Asmatulu

been becoming a serious issue with the technological developments in many fields,and threatening the educational systems in engineering, science, fine art, law, nursing, medicineand pharmacies. Approximately, 70% of the public school students in the U.S. admitted that theywere involved in direct and/or indirect cheating actions during the exams, homework, termprojects, reports, papers and presentations using a variety of cheating techniques. These includeall kinds of using cell phones, camera phones, ear phones, MP3 players, graphing calculators,iPad, texting devices, monitoring devices, multifunctional watches, etc. These issues are morecurtail for the online courses, which have been gaining much popularity worldwide. In thepresent study, we

Conference Session

Women in Engineering: A Potpourri

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Sheryl Gowen; Alisha Waller

need to increase women’s representation in science andengineering. The most often-cited reasons were (and continue to be) global economiccompetitiveness, not equity for womenV. Education Policy and ResearchHow does the body of knowledge on women in engineering reflect the public policy decisionsmade by Congress following the Civil Rights Act of 1964? As discussed above, there is norecord in the ERIC database of any education research on the development, implementation, orevaluation of alternative educational environments for women until 1978. 10 journal articles arecited in ERIC from that year. In 1979, the number of articles increased to 42. As the modestWEEA funds were disseminated and the outcomes of the research came in, one can observe

Collection

2024 ASEE North East Section

Authors

Susannah GAL, Wentworth Institute of Technology

: to provide students in the STEM field who have had little exposure to diversity training with an introduction to such teachings and its relevance to the STEM field; and to help students persevere in STEM fields despite the challenges that exist.As noted above, I have submitted two cases to the site and look forward to working with others if theywant to do the same. This resource can only improve with the addition of cases faculty feel providecompelling ways to teach and learn about engineering.Final reflections and encouragement- As noted, I and my students have found the use of case studiesin a variety of science classes to be an extremely fun learning tool that can allow students to engagewith the topics from the lecture in

Collection

2024 ASEE-GSW

Authors

Xiaoyi Zhang; Ana Aviles Vargas, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Gongchen Sun, The University of Texas at San Antonio

, which is a great testament to the quality and dedication of the students, staff and faculty and the interdisciplinary environment at CEID.Dr. Gongchen Sun, The University of Texas at San Antonio I am an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). I obtained my BS in Microelectronics from Peking University in 2012, PhD in Chemical Engineering from University of Notre Dame in 2017, and completed a postdoc training in Biomedical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology. My research field is in microfluidics, electrokinetics, systems bioengineering, and innovative engineering education

Conference Session

Track 6: Technical Session 1:Technology Students' Recognition of Algorithmic Data Bias through Role-Play Case Studies

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Ashish Hingle, George Mason University; Aditya Johri, George Mason University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

unrecognized effects! Background RPS & Case Study Methods, Data Collection, and Analysis Results and Discussion Final Thoughts 2As algorithms proliferate across domains, their development for analysis,prediction, and generation tasks raises questions about fairness, justice,and inclusion. One primary reason is algorithmic data bias, a commonphenomenon across datasets and systems that reflects incomplete ormisused data. With the incentive to make generalized systems that cando everything, everywhere, data bias reflects the data makeup and howit leads to systematically unfairly generated decisions or outcomes.As future engineers, analysts, and scientists, it is fundamental thattechnology students are made aware early in their careers

Conference Session

Recruitment & Retention of Women II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R. Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Armando A. Rodriguez, Arizona State University; Anita Grierson, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

the Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering at ASU. She is now in her third year of guiding the activities of the METS Center and overseeing its staff of primarily transfer students. Ms. Grierson has over 10 years corporate experience in Program Management, Business Development, and Biomechanical Engineering, with products as diverse as air bag systems for helicopters, body armor, and orthopedic implants. She received her Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1990, her Masters degree in Mechanical Engineering from Northwestern University in 1994, and a Masters in Business Administration from Arizona State University in 2000

Conference Session

Tools of the Trade

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Valeria Quevedo, Universidad de Piura; Susana Vegas, Universidad de Piura; Reynaldo Villar, Universidad de Piura

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AC 2011-1276: STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR MEASURING THE EF-FECTIVENESS OF A REMEDIAL PROGRAM FOR LOW-ACHIEVINGUNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING CANDIDATES IN PERUValeria Quevedo, Universidad de Piura Associate Professor, Industrial Engineering Department Academic Director, Industrial Engineering Department Master of Management in Operations Research, Sauder School of Business, Canada Industrial Engineer, Universidad de Piura, PeruSusana Vegas, Universidad de Piura Principal professor at Universidad de Piura, Peru Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Universidad de Piura, Peru Doctor in Engineering Sciences Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile 2009 Master in Engineering Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile 2005

Conference Session

Attracting Young Minds: Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Alvarenga, California State University, Los Angeles; Mark Vincent Abbott, California State University, Los Angeles; Alexander Abramyan; Jianyu Dong, California State University, Los Angeles; Oleg Gontar; Huiping Guo, California State University, Los Angeles; Eun-Young Kang, California State University, Los Angeles; Victor Mejia; Phanit Pollavith, California State University, Los Angeles; Ricardo Sanchez; Jose Antonio Zamalloa; Nancy Warter-Perez, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

encourage K-12 students to explore engineering andresearch careers, and 2) to enhance the communication and research skills of graduate fellows.To achieve these goals, during workshops teachers participate in a wide range of researchexperiences designed by fellows to introduce and update teachers to their research areas.Graduate fellows conduct Master’s thesis research in Computer Science, Computer/Electrical Page 22.574.2Engineering, Bioinformatics, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, CivilEngineering, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Math. CSULA faculty train fellows through apreparation course and workshops in order to improve

Conference Session

Learning From Experts

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah E. Parikh, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, P.E., Stanford University; Kenneth E. Goodson, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Professions Program (PPP) engineering study, the results of which are in the report Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field. In addition, she is professor of Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. Besides teaching both undergraduate and graduate design-related classes at Stanford University, she conducts research on weld and solder-connect fatigue and impact failures, fracture mechanics, and applied finite element analysis. In 2003 Dr. Sheppard was named co-principal investigator on a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant to form the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education (CAEE), along with faculty at the University of Washington, Colorado School of Mines, and Howard

Conference Session

Engineering Mechanics Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

AnnMarie Thomas, University of Saint Thomas; Keith Berrier, University of Saint Thomas; Andrea Guggenbuehl, University of Saint Thomas, Health and Human Performance Department

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2011-16: DARING YOUNG ENGINEERS ON THE FLYING TRAPEZE:USING CIRCUS ARTS TO TEACH DYNAMICSAnnMarie Thomas, University of Saint Thomas AnnMarie Thomas is an assistant professor of Engineering at the University of St. Thomas, and co- director of the UST Center for Pre-Collegiate Engineering Education. Her teaching and research focus on Engineering Design and K-12 Engineering Education. Prior to her appointment at UST, she was a faculty member at Art Center College of Design.Keith Berrier, St. Thomas UniversityMs. Andrea Guggenbuehl, University of St. Thomas, Health and Human Performance Department Andrea is a 2009 graduate of the University of St. Thomas where she majored in Health Promotion- Science. She is

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert E. Magowan; Azmi Bin Ahmad; Deborah Hochstein

product cost, and shorter product design and development time.” (Montgomery,1991). In short, familiarity with methods of experimental design provides engineers with yetanother tool to use to solve problems in a cost effective and timely fashion.Concepts of the Taguchi Method Taguchi developed a method of optimizing the process of experimentation in an effort toimprove R&D productivity and enhance product quality while working for the ElectricalCommunication Laboratories in Japan, (similar to our Bell Laboratories). While there, heobserved first hand the large amounts of time and effort being spent on experimentation andtesting and came to believe that through creative brainstorming the expenditure of resources inthis endeavor could be