Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Courses II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Gregg

process. Green engineering might be considered environmentallyconscious attitudes, values and principles combined with sound science, technology andengineering practice. Green engineering is, inherently, inter- and cross-disciplinary in nature.Each department within the College of Engineering includes this information to a greater orlesser degree as an imbedded and generally non-specific part of its curricula.This paper examines the potential of green engineering in a multidisciplinary environment. Notonly is green content appropriate for most, if not all, disciplines within engineering, but it is alsoappropriate for non-engineering majors. “A technically literate society must be educated onwhat issues to evaluate, or be resigned to being the

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Applications

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore Branoff, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

personalized instruction, reduced drop-out and re-enrollments in the same course, andreduction of course duplication and redundancy 1. In addition, well planned blended learningenvironments potentially may improve pedagogy, increase accessibility and flexibility, andincrease cost effectiveness 2. Blended learning also shifts the responsibility of learning from theinstructor to the student. It lets students engage difficult material when they are ready, for as longor as little as necessary. This allows faculty to focus on the application of knowledge duringface-to-face meetings 3.There are some concerns that must be addressed when using blended or hybrid instruction. Onemistake that many instructors make is taking the content from a face-to-face course

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Norman Dennis

effective teaching and learning.The University of Arkansas was selected as the first site to test the portability of the program.The major concern of the PDW in porting the program to other institutions was the resourceintensiveness of the workshop, both in terms of personnel and facilities. The Military Academysupported this workshop with over 25 classrooms and at least as many program faculty. It wasunlikely that any other institution could support the workshop with the same level of resources.Program Staff-University of Arkansas ETWThe task of the ETW-2000 coordinator was to develop a program, within the physical constraintsof the host institution, which effectively implemented the directives of the PDW. Thosedirectives, reduced to a teaching

Conference Session

Assessment of Biomedical Engineering Programs

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Lisle Hites; Eric Nauman; Edgar O'Neal; Kay C. Dee; Glen Livesay

Session _____ The Tulane University Biomedical Assessment Instrument: Preliminary Validity and Reliability Data Lisle S. Hites, Jr. 1, Kay C Dee 2, Glen A. Livesay2, Eric A. Nauman 2, Edgar O’Neal1 1 Department of Psychology, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118IntroductionAt present, there are no statistically validated and commonly used assessment instrumentsdesigned to evaluate the specialized content and student learning required in biomedicalengineering (BMEN) courses. Accordingly, rigorous assessment and

Collection

Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference

Authors

Mike Simard PE, Villanova University

of the second month of the course, and update stakeholders on general progress, tracking of project management’s triple-constraint (scope, schedule and cost), and highlight any issues or concerns with the project. Faculty prepare and distribute effective templates to student teams for project milestones,dashboard status reports, cost tracking, and commissioning and testing plans. Teams are alsoprovided with examples of past project proposals and design reports, along with eachassignment’s grading rubric. Importantly, these assignments are integrated into the project-based design process, as depictedin Figure 3, thus incorporating project management activities seamlessly to the course objective. Figure 3: Integration

Conference Session

Motivation and Engagement

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John T. Solomon, Tuskegee University; Vimal Kumar Viswanathan, San Jose State University; Eric Hamilton, Pepperdine University; Chitra R. Nayak, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

5 a) b) Fig. 4 Mean percentage of students who scored various grades for pre-requisite knowledge in a) Fluid Mechanics course b) Mechatronics course The analysis of pre-test data and the data on math skills inform us that a major fraction of studentsneed a comprehensive review of basic math and pre-requisite concepts, even at junior and senior levels, inorder to facilitate higher class room engagement. Several factors contribute to this need, including socio-economic factors, inherent issues with the education system, and the teaching abilities (methods andeffectiveness) of faculty. In order to help students and to address these issues

Conference Session

FPD V: Gender and Engineering Education: A Panel Discussion and Workshop

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yevgeniya V. Zastavker, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Debbie Chachra, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Caitrin Lynch, Olin College of Engineering; Alisha L. Sarang-Sieminski, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Lynn Andrea Stein, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs, Women in Engineering

faculty in 2003. Her current research interests are twofold: as well as her research in biological materials (cur- rently focused on bioderived plastics synthesized by bees), she also researches the engineering student experience, including persistence and migration, differences by gender, and the role of self-efficacy in project-based learning. In 2010, she received an NSF CAREER Award in support of her research on engineering education.Caitrin Lynch, Olin College of Engineering Caitrin Lynch is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering. Her research concerns gender, work, aging, and globalization, with a focus the United States and Sri Lanka. She is the author of the book

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Steiner, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Langdon Winner, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

leading to bachelor degrees in both mechanicalengineering and H&SS. The program is administered through our Science and TechnologyStudies (STS) Department in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The studio designcourses introduce students to a broad range of open-ended design experiences, where they learnhow to combine cultural, aesthetic, and technical skills and knowledge with the insight andcontext of social concerns and issues. As students move through the PDI program, theyultimately have culminating experiences with Rensselaer’s Multidisciplinary Design Laboratory(MDL), which serve as senior capstone design studios. We have found that compared to typicalengineering seniors, PDI students clearly distinguish themselves. They are

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education Curriculum I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Anderson, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

are that the participants will • receive the materials to be used in the courses and modules, • discuss pedagogical concerns • establish contacts with other educators servicing this industry segment • be prepared to offer course materials developed through this project.Phase 1 ProgressThe first phase of the project is largely information gathering. A survey tool was designed tofacilitate information gathering from industry. Three groups were targeted by this survey. Thefirst group was engineers and technicians with 0 to 3 years of work experience. The focus ofquestions for this group was on their initial experiences in the workplace and how that related totheir education.The second group was the direct supervisors of the new

Conference Session

Trends in Construction Engineering I

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Sunil Sinha; Randolph Thomas; John Kulka

for students and faculty [13]. A keyconsideration in integrating ethics and social impact into the curriculum is to come to grips withthe issue of how best to teach and incorporate ethics topics. Basic ethical values are learned inthe formative years of childhood in the home and school. The purpose of specific ethicseducation, such as construction ethics, should not be to indoctrinate the individual with newvalues, but to assist individuals “in clarifying and applying their ethical values as they encounternew, complex situations where it may not be obvious how ethical values may apply or where theappropriate application of one of these values may conflict with other ethical values. To properlyapply the notion of ethics to construction

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel; William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel; Timothy W. Mays, The Citadel; Rebekah Burke P.E., The Citadel; Kweku Tekyi Brown P.E., The Citadel; John C. Ryan, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

teamwork, 2) interacting withteammates, 3) keeping the team on track and 4) expecting quality. Furthermore, teamperformance was evaluated through three (3) criteria including team satisfaction, teamcollaboration, and individual satisfaction. In reviewing grades and feedback for each majorsubmittal, the professor counseled design teams on student interaction, specifically identifyingcollaboration successes and concerns for correction in future submittals. Figure 1 - Team OrganizationCollaboration of Faculty, Students, and Licensed Professional EngineersA critical component of the project was County Transportation Agency and engineeringconsulting firms, performing conceptual project design work, agreement to share

Conference Session

Curriculum & Student Enrollment I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Immanuel Adaikalaraj Edinbarough, University of Texas, Brownsville; Posinasetti Nageswara Rao, University of Northern Iowa; Kanchan Das, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

may be mentioned at this point that this survey is not intended to test any hypothesis. As such,each survey response may be considered as the opinion of the professional based on his/herexperiences, understanding, and knowledge. Since the participants of the survey are welleducated professionals (faculty or industry representatives in the management category), it maysafely be assumed that the participants have been able to clearly understand the descriptions ofthe questions. It is also assumed that the responses are from the professionals, who are eitherknowledgeable or have exposure to sustainability issues in manufacturing systems and ofproducts /items/process in the manufacturing industry.2.1 Academia Survey FindingsThe questions in the

Conference Session

International Division (INTL): Inclusive Global Engagement

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marta Perez Vidal-Ribas, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Mohammed Seyam, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

the media kits. While the technology used was new, he found thekit’s instructions and pre-departure training to be clear and effective, and helpful in the deploymentof the VESA kit. He found the portability of the kit to be a major advantage and said that it offeredhigher quality content than a regular phone. The biggest tradeoff the professor identified waskeeping the kit minimal while still having dedicated hardware- he acknowledged that more specifictechnology would have been beneficial for some activities, but that would have impacted theoverall portability. Overall, the faculty members found the kit easy to use, the training providedwas helpful, and the content produced was a valuable asset for recruitment initiatives and futurecourses

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny, King Saud University; Hamed Dhafi Alsharari, Saudi Elecrtonic University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, unnecessarilyhaving any previous career experience, are being allowed for the first time to work side-by-sidemen on design and implementation projects in Jeddah [37]. Addressing the Gender Gap. AlMunajjed [38] portrays a number of major social, legal,educational, and occupational issues that must be addressed in order to solve Saudi Arabia’ssevere gaps in women’s employment, consequently affecting their educational choices (such asengineering). For example, in addition to the need for segregation at the workplace, there are stillhuge societal concerns regarding the need for women to balance work and family. Legally, thereare still only few laws to protect women against discrimination at the workplace, and women aresubject to many cases of financial

Conference Session

Business and Professional Literacy Within Chemical Engineering

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dayoung Kim, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Alison J. Kerr, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

microethical issues, but some chemical engineeringeducators have introduced materials for teaching macroethical issues as well [7], [8] especially asissues like sustainability become to be more emphasized in chemical engineering process industry[9].To gain further understanding of the current domain of chemical engineering ethics education,Bielefeldt and her colleagues [3] surveyed 107 chemical engineering instructors across 76institutions in the U.S. to investigate faculty members’ perceptions of education for ethics andsocietal impact of engineering. They reported that common topics that were covered in chemicalengineering ethics education include safety, professional practice, engineering decisions underuncertainty, environmental protection, and

Conference Session

International Collaborations

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Bruce Gehrig P.E., University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

Natural Resources and Spatial Sciences. Approximately 3,318students (26.7% of total enrollment) were enrolled in STEM majors in 2014.The Faculty of Engineering consists of four departments: • Civil and Environmental Engineering • Electrical and Computer Engineering • Mechanical and Marine Engineering • Mining and Process Engineering.The FOE enrolled a total of 801 students with 105 students enrolled in diploma or associatedegree programs, 264 in Bachelor of Technology programs, 383 in Bachelor of Scienceprograms, and 49 in master level programs. As part of the institution’s transition from apolytechnic, the FOE had just recently launched new PhD level programs that had just started toadmit students. It should be noted that UNAM

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Mark F. Costello; Jerry W. Samples

find a faculty mentor will not be successfi.d. Projects that have no students will not even get a start. Thisthen becomes the most sensitive issue for the course coordinator; balancing the expectations of the faculty andstudents with the needs of potential sponsors. The most successful projects have the best balance,Examples Projects: Our experience in 1995 was generally excellent. We did however learn a great deal from the projects thatdid not progress as far as we thought they should. One of our greatest successes was the design of a new medicsrucksack for forward deployed Special Operations Medics. This project had a great client, the faculty advisorwas a Special Operations soldier, and the team thought the project was very

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Wayne Freeman P.E., U.S. Coast Guard Academy; Ronald S. Adrezin, U.S. Coast Guard Academy; Andrew Foley, U.S. Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

build aworking prototype in the department’s machine shop. In years past, this assignment was twoprojects- a small individual and a larger team-centric project. In 2016, faculty began work on anew project that would replace the previous two. This project was a three-inch bilge pump.This Work-in-Progress paper will outline the design process, implementation and challengesintroducing a new design project for Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Design during theSpring 2018 Semester. The Bilge Pump project allowed students to use provided materials andSolidWorks drawings to fabricate, build and test a three-inch aluminum Bilge Pump. Prior tostudents working on the project, the Mechanical Engineering faculty took on the challenge ofdesigning and

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jayathi Raghavan, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Hong Liu, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

students mentioned above whose academic backgrounds aresignificantly different, 2) to customize a curriculum that will enable the students in dual major tocomplete the degree within one additional year without compromising the integrity of theprogram, and 3) to offer an innovative curriculum so as to attract students to this new degreeprogram under tight budget constraints. In this paper, we discuss how we plan to address some ofthe issues through the design of our unique undergraduate Computational Mathematicscurriculum. Page 15.160.2BackgroundFaculty at our institution has been active in research related to Computational Sciences for manyyears

Conference Session

Design Teams 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lauren Anne Cooper, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eltahry Elghandour, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eileen W. Rossman P.E., California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Sarah Harding, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, the faculty instructors likely have asignificant impact on the overall student experience (at least, we believe that we have aninfluence!). Although the class content/structure was the same between the two cohorts, theinstructors were different. As a result, we felt it was inappropriate to use overall coursesatisfaction as a measure for the team-forming approach. As we continue to try different team-forming approaches with the same faculty, we may be able to use this measure in the future.Faculty FeedbackThe faculty teaching team meets often throughout the senior project courses to ensureconsistency and address any issues. During these meetings, faculty discussed the team-formingprocess and on-going team dynamics and project successes

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention, and First-Year Programs in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hector A. Ochoa, University of Texas, Tyler; Mukul Shirvaikar, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. It isthe opinion of the faculty that the implementation of the course was one of the best curricularchanges in departmental history.Past ApproachesThe addition of a first year course, trying to address retention issues is not something new orparticular about any university. Several programs have implemented freshman courses in whicha broad introduction to engineering and some hands on experience is offered1-4. Some programsutilize student feedback and program outcomes to design introductory courses5,6, some havedecided to move the ownership and maintenance of laboratory equipment from the university tothe students, thereby giving them the feeling of being vested in the program7. Even someprograms have studied how the retention is affected

Conference Session

Explorations in Mechanics Pedagogy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Charles E. Riley, Oregon Institute of Technology; Luciana R. Barroso, Texas A&M University; David G. Pollock P.E., George Fox University; Jennifer Light, Lewis & Clark College; Adam Lenz, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

’ understand- ings of core engineering concepts.Dr. Charles E. Riley, Oregon Institute of Technology Dr. Riley has been teaching mechanics concepts for over 10 years and has been honored with both the ASCE ExCEEd New Faculty Excellence in Civil Engineering Education Award (2012) and the Beer and Johnston Outstanding New Mechanics Educator Award (2013). While he teaches freshman to graduate- level courses across the civil engineering curriculum, his focus is on engineering mechanics. He im- plements classroom demonstrations at every opportunity as part of a complete instructional strategy that seeks to overcome issues of student conceptual understanding.Dr. Luciana R Barroso, Texas A&M University Luciana R. Barroso

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session - Retention Programs for Diverse Students

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Carlson, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Shaobo Huang, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Cassandra M Birrenkott, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Sarah Folsland, Woment in Science and Engineering

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering, Women in Engineering

females in science and engineeringIntroductionThe concerns of low numbers of women in STEM have led to studies on the attrition1 and theimplementations of programs for the female students2. Studies found that students who withdrawfrom STEM majors are less involved in extra-curricular engineering activities, have lowerengineering self-efficacy and career expectations, but higher anxiety1, 3. However, the averageGPA of women who withdraw from STEM is no different than that of others1. To increase theretention of women in STEM, solutions have been proposed by many studies such as facilitatingcommunities for females4-5, involving peer mentors6-9, and mentoring by faculty and/or womenengineers10.According to the American Association of University

Conference Session

Mentoring Minorities: Effective Programs, Practices, and Perspectives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joi-Lynn Mondisa, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

cross-cultural mentoring concerns. Some research questions how well mentors who aredifferent races than their protégés effectively mentor their protégés without being able tounderstand some of their protégés’ racial experiences 32,42. For example, African-Americanprotégés, especially STEM protégés, may be confronted with issues related to a fear of fulfillingstereotypes and/or with the responsibility of refuting stereotypes (e.g. “Blacks are not good atmath and science”). African-American protégés need mentors who can be culturally sensitive inunderstanding their experiences as well as mentoring them on how to deal with their experiences26,43 . However, this does not mean that cross-cultural mentoring is not beneficial or needed, butrather

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design Projects

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia H. Carlson PE, PhD, Merrimack College; Anne Pfitzner Gatling, Merrimack College; John G. Adams, Merrimack College; Jocelyn Fraga Muller, Merrimack College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

engineers regularly do during a post-academic ‘real world’ project, includingenvironmental scientists, policy makers, technicians, interns, and managers.To address these issues, faculty at Merrimack College in North Andover, Massachusetts, adaptedProject Based Learning to include collaboration between different courses. “EnvironmentalDesign,” a Civil Engineering course with 25 seniors enrolled, “hired” other courses of students toconduct specific tasks of interest to our projects. An Ecology course was hired to conductmacroinvertebrate sampling. An Electrical Engineering course was hired to design and developa water quality monitoring device. A STEM Education course was hired to complete some waterquality measurements. Finally, the students of

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Sanjeev Khanna; Chris Jenkins

within a newly developedcourse in structural design. Central to the linkage of mechanics, materials, and design is theconcept of a generalized design template (GDT). The GDT provides a framework for input andoutput of all data in a process of total structural design. It allows for problem definition,identification of design degrees of freedom and the associated design space, conceptual designactivities, and detailed design analysis. The GDT is embedded within a MathCAD workbook.The student has access to worksheets, as well as geometric data, material properties, formulas,etc. Global and local variables can be defined. An example of GDT use is given.I. IntroductionThis paper is concerned with two interconnected activities:• Bridging the

Conference Session

Communication Across the Divisions I: Communication in Engineering Disciplines

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David A. Saftner, University of Minnesota Duluth; Mary U. Christiansen; Adrian T. Hanson, University of Minnesota Duluth; Jill D. Jenson, University of Minnesota Duluth; Sara Ojard; Rebecca L. Teasley, University of Minnesota Duluth; Emily Woster, University of Minnesota Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

studentwriting and discussions with local practicing engineers about the skills new hires needed toimprove.11 Following the Fall 2013 semester, civil engineering and writing studies faculty beganto discuss developing a writing guide to address these concerns. Many university engineeringprograms and other professional organizations offer publically available writing guides,12-16 Page 26.658.3many of which are available online, or writing guide reference lists on their library’s website.17-19For the most part, these guides offer similar guidance for writing, which seems primarily to steerstudents toward technical writing and away from more casual styles

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael J. Pavelich; Barbara Olds

voicein the assessment community that evaluation activities should draw upon and support teachingactivities, not intrude on or even detract from them.1 We believe that portfolios address both ofthese concerns. We collect material that is already being used in the teaching/learning process andthat therefore already has meaning to both students and faculty. Many of these samples can be usedin a variety of ways. For example, a single paper from a freshman humanities and social sciences classmay tell us something about a student's writing ability, critical thinking skills, and ethicalstance. There is evidence that tracking students over time gives the best information about how toimprove student learning. Since the goal of our process is to

Conference Session

Technical Session: Transforming Engineering Education Is Possible! A Descriptive Case Study of Reimagining Engineering Education and Delivering a Wake Forest Engineering Student Experience Promoting Inclusion, Agency, Holistic Learning, and Success

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, Wake Forest University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

.). I shared my concerns about this underdeveloped plan during my hiring negotiations, but thethen Dean asked me to trust her and I did. My contract working at the National ScienceFoundation and personal reasons (e.g. expecting my fourth child) prevented me and my familyfrom moving to Winston Salem, North Carolina until July 2017. Considering that the inauguralgroup of students would be arriving August 2017 (a non-negotiable start date) and the programand curriculum planning had not happened, I advocated for one additional faculty hire (beyondthe planned two) to help launch the new department. During the spring 2017 semester, I servedon the search committee with three colleagues (e.g. Keith Bonin, then Chair of Physics, PeteSantago, then Chair

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Jr., Michael E. Hanyak; James A. Van Fleet

particularly in the areasof patent acquisition, health and safety, environmental impact, and legal issues were not robustfor doing extensive literature searches in a timely fashion in the fall semester. As an example,students did not have access to material safety data sheets and had to rely on what limited datachemical companies might send.Methodology, 1989My first meeting with the senior chemical engineers took place in the first week of the fallsemester, in a darkened room, lit by the glare of an overhead projector. The students faced me inrows of chairs as I described our new online public access catalog, and showed them, viatransparency, the results of a typical search such as “subject = styrene”. The results were zero!The Bertrand Library