Asee peer logo
Well-matched quotation marks can be used to demarcate phrases, and the + and - operators can be used to require or exclude words respectively
Displaying results 7771 - 7800 of 29386 in total
Conference Session
Global Perspective and Experiential Learning in Civil Engineering
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrea L. Welker, Villanova University; Seri Park, Villanova University; Susan B. Mackey-Kallis, Villanova University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
project are also the focus of CEE 4611, as described previously. • Water resources partnership with the City of Knowledge. This partnership is currently being developed and is likely to involve research and a graduate-level distance education component. • A Panama Experience Summer Program is currently being developed. This experience would involve an internship program with the Panama Canal Authority (ACP). The first group of students to participate in this for-credit program will travel to Panama this summer. Housing, transportation, and cultural interactions are being planned. • Study abroad and/or service learning possibilities with Universidad Catolica Santa Maria la Antigua (USMA) are
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Brian Thorndyke; Timothy J. Anderson; Matthew Ohland; Guili Zhang
, where regressionsincluded SAT scores, those institutions used a different model that did not include the SATscores as a predictor.6 Having some schools on a quarter system and others on a semester systemas partners has been overcome using standard formulas to convert quarter hours into semesterhours. Some institutions could not provide an accurate flag indicating a student’s participation ina cooperative education program, so this has been managed by counting semesters-to-graduationrather than time-to-graduation. This is becoming a greater concern as the research team hasrecently been studying the characteristics of students in cooperative education programs.Fortunately, the institutions that do not have an accurate co-op flag have a course
Collection
2012 EDI
Authors
James H. Aylor
and change practice Attracts a larger and more diverse cross section of university student participants Qualifies for significant research funding for university (NSF, NIH, DOD, Department of Ed, Foundations) Increases satisfaction and retention of undergraduate participants Promotes intra and inter university collaborations Addresses national priority to increase STEM pipeline Builds research base on effective teaching and learning best practices K-20 Positively impacts graduate school interest and enrollment Appealing to broad and diverse cross section of faculty Attracts and increases industry and alumni support Often sustained by graduates when they start career The Role of Colleges of Engineering in K-12 STEM
Collection
2024 South East Section Meeting
Authors
Alexa C. Andershock, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Baker A. Martin, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
major or delayed enrollment times into theireventual graduation major. This study sought to address four research questions:RQ1: Do students from some majors perform better academically in the engineering courseworkof FYEPs than students from other majors?RQ2: Is academic performance in the engineering coursework of FYEPs a predictor of futureacademic success in college?RQ3: Does academic performance in the engineering coursework of an FYEP correlate withstudents’ time to enrollment in their graduation majors?RQ4: Does the institution attended affect the degree of academic success in the engineeringcoursework of an FYEP?Minimal FYEP instruction in topics relevant to a particular major could be a possible contributorto any issue concerning
Conference Session
K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gary Lichtenstein, Quality Evaluation Designs; Martin L. Tombari, University of Texas, Austin; Sheri D. Sheppard, Stanford University; Kaye Storm, Stanford University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
teachers, and a survey taken by high schoolseniors nationally who planned on attending college within a year of graduation. Although thefocus on this work was on assessing the extent to which RET experiences influence the studentsof RET teachers to pursue engineering and other STEM majors and careers, the researchaddresses broader questions regarding what motivates students to study STEM and in what waysteachers can stimulate and sustain such interest.Literature Review RET programs have been evaluated extensively.1 Yet scant research exists related to theassumption that providing K-14 teachers summer internships in research labs and industrysettings translates into greater interest in STEM subjects and fields among their students. JayDubner
Conference Session
ENT Division Technical Session: Creativity and Innovation
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Tess Hartog, University of Oklahoma; Megan Marshall, University of Oklahoma; Amin G. Alhashim, University of Oklahoma; Md Tanvir Ahad, University of Oklahoma; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Paper ID #31662WIP: Using neuro-responses to understand creativity, the engineeringdesign process, and concept generationTess Hartog, University of Oklahoma Tess Hartog is a graduate student in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Oklahoma. Her inter- ests include creativity, engineering education, and neuroimaging. Her research focuses on understanding creativity and divergent thinking in engineering students via the use of electroencephalography (EEG).Megan Marshall, The University of Oklahoma Megan Marshall is an M.S. Aerospace Engineering candidate at the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The
Conference Session
Student and Other Views on Engineering Leadership
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sara Jansen Perry, Baylor University; Emily M Hunter, Baylor University; Ed Frauenheim, Great Place to Work Institute; Steven C. Currall, Southern Methodist University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Leadership Development Division
Francisco with his wife and two kids.Prof. Steven C. Currall, Southern Methodist University Steven C. Currall is Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Southern Methodist University. As Provost, he oversees the university’s academic activity including seven academic units: Cox School of Business, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Dedman School of Law, Meadows School of the Arts, Lyle School of Engineering, Perkins School of Theology, and Simmons School of Education and Human Development. He is also responsible for additional units that include the Office of Research and Graduate Studies, Central University Libraries, satellite Campuses in Plano, Texas and at Taos, New Mexico, the Office of Assessment
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT) Technical Session 1
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Noemi V Mendoza Diaz, Texas A&M University; Magdalini Z Lagoudas, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)
Site in 2017, continuous trainings (courses)are offered to undergraduate and graduate engineering students. During spring, summer and fallsemesters, students are guided to conduct interviews with potential users of their innovations andrefine their entrepreneurship skills. After seven years of successfully impacting students (blindfor review 1 and 2) a team of investigators is looking into aspects of the training that might havebeen unperceived during prior assessments. In this study, we analyze via quantitative andqualitative methods, the answer to the research question: What aspects of the I-Corps Siteprogram experience could be enhanced or modified based on performance and perceptions ofparticipants? To answer this question, we focused on
Conference Session
Biomedical Division Poster Session
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey Stock Garanich Ph.D., The City College of New York; Lola A. Brown, The City College of New York
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
mentorship and training to scores of undergraduate and graduate students throughout her career. Lola obtained her bachelor of science from Brown University in biology where she conducted research studying tissue engineered heart valves. She took her master of science from the joint department of biomedical engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University studying the stroke pathology in children with sickle cell anemia. She went on to complete her PhD in biochemistry as a NSF Graduate Research Fellow solving the structure of proteins involved in HIV. Immediately following the completion of her PhD, Dr. Brown began postdoctoral research in biomedical engineering at Yale University. Her highly interdisciplinary training
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University
degrees in their field.Attributes & Outcomes of “The Bonds Between Us” ProgramThe Bonds Between Us Program strove to combine the research strengths of the chemistry and chemical engineeringdisciplines in a synergistic relationship [2]. Participants gained experience, techniques, and perspectives in thechemical sciences that illustrated how chemists and chemical engineers approach similar research challenges fromdifferent perspectives. Research themes featured were Biotechnology & Bioanalytical Applications, Nanomaterials& Structural Studies, Integrated Environmental Research, and Synthesis & Separation Processes. Participantsbenefited from close mentoring relationships with graduate students and faculty. Professional development
Conference Session
FPD VIII: Crossing Bridges and Easing Transitions into the First Year
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Theodore Demetrius Caldwell, Michigan State University, Diversity Programs Office, College of Engineering; Kyle P. Foster, Diversity Programs Office, College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Tonisha Brandy Lane, Michigan State University; Rickey Alfred Caldwell Jr, Michigan State University; Claudia Elena Vergara, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
Program. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2000. 37(7): p. 629-654.6. United States Bureau of Census, United States Census 2000. 2000, Government Printing Office.7. Hathaway, R.S., B.A. Nagda, and S.R. Gregerman, The Relationship of Undergraduate Research Participation to Graduate and Professional Education Pursuit: An Empirical Study. Journal of Student Development, 2002. 43(5): p. 14-31.8. Zydney, A.L., et al., Impact of Undergraduate Research Experience in Engineering. Journal of Engineering Education Research, 2002. 91: p. 151-158.9. National Science Foundation, Exploring the Concept of Undergraduate Research Centers: A Report of the NSF Workshop
Conference Session
First-Year Programs Division Poster Session
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Aamir Fidai, Texas A&M University; Samiha Momin; Asma Salim Maredia, Texas A&M University; Insha Ashirali Umatiya
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
and is currently working on several research projects dealing with technology and equity in STEM classrooms.Samiha Momin,Asma Salim Maredia, Texas A&M University Asma Maredia is currently a senior at A&M Consolidated High School in College Station, Texas. She obtained her high school diploma in May 2021 and will be attending the University of Texas at Austin as an Honors Human Development and Family Science Major. This is her first time partaking in engineering- related research and she has thoroughly enjoyed the experience and ability to learn new material with Professor Fidai and her fellow co-authors.Insha Ashirali Umatiya, Insha Umatiya is a graduate from A&M Consolidated High School in College
Conference Session
Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 5
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shannon McLoughlin Morrison, Ohio State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
education. In addition, she has completed several graduate-level courses in the Department of Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Morrison’s public policy master’s thesis was a research study on diversity policy in the Center for Aviation Studies and whether or not that policy impacted students’ considerations for leaving the academic program. Her expertise is in curriculum de- velopment, especially as it pertains to women and underrepresented minorities in education. Dr. Morrison takes an interdisciplinary approach to research, using both qualitative and quantitative methods that were informed by her background in education and public policy. c American Society for Engineering Education
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Teamwork
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rachel K. Anderson, Clemson University; Julie P Martin, Clemson University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
paper presents results to date from a dissertation study on undergraduate student cross-disciplinary teamwork. The study focuses on a team of undergraduate students from technicaland non-technical disciplines such as, engineering, management, economics, architecture, andpsychology, working together on a cross-disciplinary project. The project was primarily student-led, and was facilitated by two faculty mentors in mechanical engineering and management. Theteam spent the semester working together to develop a business plan for a makerspace oncampus that would allow students access to prototyping equipment, such as 3D printers, at littleto no cost.This study utilized a qualitative research approach, borrowing from ethnographic, narrative, andcase
Conference Session
Quality & Accreditation: Outcome Assessment
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Fazil Najafi; Nick Safai
professionaldevelopment workshops. An effective and workable model is to place such a mission under theuniversity’s overall mission. The university mission will have the ability to continuously deliverproductive students to the society. The keep up with diversity, offering of fellowships andfinancial aid is needed to attract qualified underrepresented social/ethnic groups. Such a missionwill be accomplished through vigorous recruitment of top quality graduate students, maintainingand hiring diversified top administrators and staff with faculty engaged in state-of-the-artteaching, research and service. The paper presents steps needed to enhance minority enrollment.Finally, there is a mechanism that will provide feedback from all colleges within the institution
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Division ASCE Liaison Committee - Supporting the Development of the Next Civil Engineers
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rebecca Kiriazes, Georgia Institute of Technology; Ellen Zerbe, Pennsylvania State University
, and programs that require or encourage students to take the FEexam before graduation. They found that a majority of CE students graduate without a faculty PErole model, CE departments emphasized licensure more than other engineering disciplines, andonly 19% of programs require students to take the FE exam to graduate. Although the FE examreview policies and programs have been studied, there has been no research on understandingstudents’ perception of FE exam preparation as impacted by department policies and programs.This background motivates the current study examining student perception of support for FE examprep in undergraduate CEE departments. The goal is to understand how CEE departments providesupport and encourage students
Conference Session
ASCE Liasion Committee Presents: All Things ASCE
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Matthew K. Swenty, Virginia Military Institute; Benjamin Z. Dymond, University of Minnesota Duluth
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)
graduate students. The following research questions were specificallyinvestigated: ● Which required structural engineering courses are typically offered in undergraduate accredited civil engineering programs? ● Which elective structural engineering courses are typically offered in accredited undergraduate civil engineering programs? ● Which structural engineering courses are offered in civil engineering graduate programs? ● Are there differences in course offerings among universities that do and do not have graduate programs and in different regions of the United States?Research MethodsTo accomplish this study, the structural engineering coursework listed at the undergraduate andgraduate levels was reviewed at 101 ABET
Conference Session
Issues and Direction in ET Education and Administration: Part II
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shekar Viswanathan, National University, San Diego; Howard Evans, National University, San Diego; Lal Tummala, San Diego State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
AC 2009-1562: THE CHANGING ROLE OF ENGINEERING FACULTY IN THE21ST CENTURYShekar Viswanathan, National University, San Diego SHEKAR VISWANATHAN, Ph.D., MBA., P.E. Dr. Viswanathan is a Professor and Chair of the Department of Applied Engineering at National Universtity. Dr. Viswanathan is also the Lead Faculty for the Engineering Management and Homeland Security and Safety Engineering programs. He manages six full time and fifty two adjunct faculty members in the department which offers offering four undergraduate and five graduate programs with student population of over three hundred students. Dr. Viswanathan is an educator, researcher and administrator with more than twenty-five
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session II
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Diana Samaroo, City University of New York - New York City College of Technology; Urmi Duttagupta, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York; Nadia S Kennedy, New York City College of Technology; Armando Dominguez Solis, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York; Viviana Acquaviva, New York City College of Technology
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
Fellow. She served as co-PI on several grants, which include NSF S-STEM, IUSE, RCN-UBE, and NEH grants. Her current projects focus on academic success, integrating undergraduate research into the curriculum, improving student retention/graduation, and first-year experience. She has organized several conferences and faculty professional development workshops.Dr. Urmi Duttagupta, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York Urmi Duttagupta is the Coordinator of the Computer Science Program and a Professor of the Mathematics Department at New York City College of Technology, City University of New York. She received a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics jointly from the New Jersey Institute of Technology and
Conference Session
College/University Engineering Students K-12 Outreach
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Brecca Berman; Gordon Kingsley; Donna Llewellyn; Marion Usselman
0231904. For more details on this research, “Alternative Approaches to Evaluating STEMEducation Partnerships: A Review of Evaluation Methods and Application of an Interorganizational Model,” pleasevisit the project website at http://www.prism.gatech.edu/~gk18/STEM Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Educationuniversity-K-12 partnerships using the Georgia Tech’s Student and Teacher EnhancementPartnership (STEP) GK-12 program as a case study, and reflect on the ramifications forpartnership evaluations.Conceptualizing PartnershipsDuring the course of this research we have come to conceptualize the STEM
Conference Session
STEM and the Two-Year College
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Maria L Espino, University of Washington; Elizabeth Meza, University of Washington
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two-Year College Division (TYCD)
methods to identify, evaluate, and synthesize studies addressing a focusedtopic (Newman & Gough, 2020). Initial searches allowed the research time to refine and narrowthe aim for this systematic literature review. The research team used five databases to examinepeer-reviewed literature on community colleges and their use of S-STEM funding. The databasesthat were used for this study included ProQuest, Compendex, EBSCOHost, PsychInfo, andAssociation for the Study of Engineering Education (ASEE) Conference Repository (ASEE peerdocument repository). Additionally, the team conducted searches in prominent communitycollege journals: Community College Review, Community College Journal of Research andPractice, New Directions for Community Colleges
Collection
2014 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
JERRY-DARYL FLETCHER; LeeRoy Bronner; Yacob Astatke
much data in the art regarding the relative merits andtheir effectiveness? implementation of individual RPAI’s, there is little discussion regarding the management of these RPAI’s by the institution. III. CURRENT RETENTION ENVIRONMENT The current environment in Retention, as depicted in Figure B. Retention Programs and Initiatives1, shows that low retention rates leas to low graduation rates, A study conducted by the American Society forwhich feed in to a high demand for U.S. engineers. Both Engineering Education (ASEE) on the best practices formajority institutions and HBCU’s
Collection
1981 North Midwest Section
Authors
Arnold M. Flikke
as evidence ofcompletion. The high quality students, about the top 15%, write a thesis.Graduates are assigned to industrial and government positions by thegovernment upon completion of their program of study. Some graduateswill go on to graduate school and thus to teaching and research. Veryfew return to the commune. I had the opportunity to teach a three week course on farm im-plement design to 42 students from 18 organizations in China. Thesestudents were very capable and even though isolated for so long a periodof time, had a good understanding of the fundamentals and developments.It is questionable as to how much I taught them, but there was a re-inforcement of their confidence in themselves as they realized that wedo think and act
Conference Session
Design Across Curriculum 1
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University; George Toye, Stanford University; Felix Kempf, King's College London; Nada Elfiki, Stanford University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
engineering study (as reported in Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field). In addition, in 2011 Dr. Sheppard was named as co-PI of a national NSF innovation center (Epicenter), and leads an NSF program at Stanford on summer research experiences for high school teachers. Her industry experiences includes engineering positions at Detroit’s ”Big Three:” Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, and Chrysler Corporation. At Stanford she has served a chair of the faculty senate, and recently served as Associate Vice Provost for Graduate Education.Dr. Helen L. Chen, Stanford University Helen L. Chen is a research scientist in the Designing Education Lab in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at
Conference Session
Mentoring Minorities: Effective Programs, Practices, and Perspectives
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Matthew B. A. McCullough, North Carolina A&T State University; Stephanie Luster-Teasley, North Carolina A&T State University; Clay Gloster Jr., North Carolina A&T University (Tech); Leotis Parrish, North Carolina A&T State University; Marcia F. Williams, North Carolina A&T State University; Ronnie S. Bailey, North Carolina A&T State University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
students who have children can receive specializedmentoring to ensure their academic progression towards earning their BS degrees. We will usethe strength-based model to help our under-represented minority groups excel in theirundergraduate studies and prepare them for success in graduate school. Additionally, we seek todevelop a program that can be sustainable at NCA&T by establishing a mentoring andsupporting culture for students in bioengineering and environmental engineering. We havereceived considerable support from the Dean of the College of Engineering, our University’sDivision of Research, and Director of the North Carolina Louis Stokes Alliance for MinorityParticipation (NC-LSAMP) program. Our goal is to form the basis for a pipeline
Conference Session
Computers in Education Division (COED) Track 6.D
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bahar Memarian, Arizona State University ; Shawn S. Jordan, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education Division (COED)
follow a systematic search process. [13] and use the thematic coding described below toextract data surrounding our research questions.2.1 Search processThe Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases were used to search for review papers(accessed July 6, 2024). Following the criteria, the authors screened and assessed the studies foreligibility until a consensus was reached. We included articles published in international peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and books. Our search included publications writtenin English during an unlimited time frame. We used the following search string:"Integrated Engineering" AND ("model" OR "theory" OR "theories" OR "framework" OR"concept" OR "competency" OR "competencies" OR "learning outcome" OR
Collection
2010 Public Policy Colloquium
Authors
Gerald Holder
; 2.  establish or improve undergraduate and master's degree health  care information programs, attract students to such programs, and  provide them with experience in government or industry related to  their studies. Pending in House subcommittee on Research and Science Education Biofuel Engineering Training Act  H.R. 3523 •  Accreditation of undergraduate and graduate biofuel  engineering programs. •  Study of industry need for engineers. •  Centers of Excellence for Biofuels Research and Training •  Portable fellowships of up to three years, funded by the  Department of Energy, for students pursuing doctorates in  biofuels engineering. •  Requires federal agencies, including national labs, to make
Collection
1997 Annual Conference
Authors
Saundra D. Johnson
and strengthen peer networks, increase awareness of climate issues, and improve classroom and workplace climate. & The Minority Engineering Program collaborates with the engineering and science research centers to offer research experiences to undergraduate students considering graduate school. & The Minority Engineering Program collaborates with the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Studies, Admissions, the Women in Engineering Program, and the engineering departments to identify scholarships for potential undergraduate students. &
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 4
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ceren Yilmaz Akkaya, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Jessica C Hill, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kimberly Lechasseur, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)
develop and sustain theirinterdisciplinary identities. Previous research has explored the interdisciplinary identityformation of doctoral students [12], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18] and on undergraduate students[13] in a bid to better understand outcomes of emergent interdisciplinary programs. The literatureon interdisciplinary faculty identities largely focuses on addressing effective identity-fosteringteaching practices (e.g., [19]) and the decision-making processes of faculty who engage ininterdisciplinary graduate education (e.g., [20]). In this study we explore how faculty withtraditional STEM backgrounds develop interdisciplinary scholar and teacher identities. Thisanalysis can inform strategies for fostering interdisciplinary identity
Conference Session
Engineering Design Graphics Division (EDGD) Technical Session 1
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gibin Raju, University of Cincinnati; Sheryl A. Sorby, University of Cincinnati; Clodagh Reid, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics Division (EDGD)
Role of Spatial Visualization in Design Process of Undergraduate Engineering StudentsAbstract:This research paper details a study investigating spatial visualization skills relation to designproblem-solving for undergraduate engineering students. Design is outlined as one of theseven attributes that engineering students must demonstrate prior to their graduation as setout through the ABET guidelines. It is important to understand the factors that contribute todesign capability to achieve this learning goal. Design problems by their nature are cognitivetasks and as such require problem solvers to draw both on learned knowledge and pertinentcognitive abilities for their solution. In the context of engineering design problem solving